高龄脑梗死患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓的有效性和安全性

目的探讨高龄脑梗死患者应用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt -PA)静脉溶栓治疗的有效性和安全性。方法选择急性脑梗死患者196例,根据患者年龄分为<80岁组141例和≥80岁组55例,发病<4.5 h的患者给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,比较2组患者溶栓前、溶栓后14 d的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,观察溶栓后颅内出血(ICH)和症状性颅内出血(sICH)的发生率。90 d随访时,采用改良Rankin's评分评定临床结局。结果 2组溶栓后14 d的NIHSS评分都较溶栓前显著降低(P<0.01),<80岁组较≥80岁组NIHSS评分降低更明显(P<0.01)。≥80岁组的病死率显著高于<80岁组(P<0.05);<80岁组和≥80岁组预后良好的比例分别为57.5%和45.5%(P>0.05),ICH发生率分别为16.3%和21.8%,sICH发生率分别为6.4%和14.5%(P>0.05)。结论高龄脑梗死患者应用rt-PA静脉溶栓和年龄<80岁者同样是安全有效的。     

不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物静脉溶栓治疗高龄急性脑梗死患者的有效性及安全性分析

目的 观察不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗高龄（≥80岁）急性脑梗死患者的疗效及安全性。方法 应用rt-PA对78例急性脑梗死患者进行静脉溶栓治疗,根据药物剂量分为小剂量(0.6mg/kg)组40例和标准剂量(0.9mg/kg)组38例;另选取39例未接受溶栓治疗患者为非溶栓组,比较3组患者的临床疗效、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分、颅内出血发生率和死亡率。结果 小剂量组与标准剂量组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,且均高于非溶栓组（P<0.05）。小剂量组与标准剂量组治疗后1d、7d、15d、30d NIHSS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,且均明显低于非溶栓组（P<0.05）。小剂量组与标准剂量组mRS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,且均明显低于非溶栓组（P<0.05）。小剂量组24h颅内出血率明显低于标准剂量组（P<0.05）;小剂量组、标准剂量组24h颅内出血率均高于非溶栓组（P<0.05）。小剂量组与标准剂量组死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,均明显低于非溶栓组（P<0.05）。结论 静脉溶栓治疗高龄急性脑梗死患者较为安全、有效,小剂量rt-PA可以降低患者出血风险,减少神经功能缺损。     

高龄急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓的疗效分析

目的探讨高龄(年龄≥80岁)急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性连续收集2014年7月至2016年2月成都市第三人民医院院神经内科发病4.5 h内应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓的急性脑梗死患者157例,经头部CT或MRI证实。按发病年龄分为≥80岁组(47例)和80岁组(110例)。记录基线资料,包括心脑血管病危险因素、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分、发病至溶栓时间(3.0~4.5 h)、应用抗凝药物等;观察患者的不良反应,评估溶栓后安全性和疗效,即7 d和3个月时的病死率、症状性颅内出血率,静脉溶栓24 h、1周内和3个月的恢复良好率。结果 (1)与年龄80岁组比较,年龄≥80岁组的心房颤动比例和中位年龄均较高,组间差异有统计学意义[59.6%(28例)比32.7%(36例),83(81,85)岁比67(59,75)岁,均P0.01];其余基线资料的组间差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。(2)脑梗死病因亚组分型中,年龄≥80岁组心源性栓塞比例高于80岁组,组间差异有统计学意义[59.6%(28例)比32.7%(36例),P0.01];其余病因分型的组间差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。(3)年龄≥80岁组与年龄80岁组患者1周死亡率[分别为6.4%(3例)、6.4%(7例)]及3个月死亡率[12.8%(6例)、9.1%(10例)]的差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);颅内出血比例[10.6%(5例)、8.2%(9例)]和症状性颅内出血比例[4.3%(2例)、6.4%(7例)]的差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);24 h恢复良好率[38.3%(18例)、45.5%(50例)]和1周恢复良好率[53.2%(25例)、62.7%(69例)]的差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);年龄≥80岁组3个月预后良好率低于80岁组,组间差异有统计学意义[51.1%(24例)比71.8%(79例),P0.05]。结论对于发病4.5 h内的高龄(年龄≥80岁)急性缺血性卒中患者,选择适当的患者进行静脉溶栓有利于增加安全性及早期获益。     

85岁以上急性脑梗死病人静脉溶栓的疗效及预后分析

目的探究年龄≥85岁急性脑梗死病人静脉重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)溶栓治疗的疗效及预后的情况。方法纳入自2017年1月至2019年10月南京中医药大学附属医院(江苏省中医院)脑病中心收治的资料完整的急性脑梗死静脉rt-PA溶栓病人,按年龄将病人分为60～69年龄组33例,70～80岁年龄组36例,≥85岁年龄组23例。回顾性分析溶栓病人的临床资料、危险因素、NIHSS评分、改良rankin评分量表(mRS)评分、总体疗效及安全性,并进行组间比较。结果 3组病人治疗前、溶栓后24 h、治疗14 d NIHSS评分及mRS评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),90 d总体疗效无明显差异(P0.05)。3组颅内出血、卒中再发、死亡事件发生率差异也无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论≥85岁病人使用溶栓治疗可同样获益,且不增加出血及死亡风险。     

静脉溶栓后抗血小板治疗对症状性颅内出血风险的影响

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue-type pla-siminogen,rt-PA)静脉溶栓后,使用抗血小板药物(antiplate-let agents,AP)对症状性颅内出血(SICH)的影响尚不清楚。西班牙Yague总医院神经内科的Bravo等对AP治疗可能会增加出血风险的假设进行了评估。Bravo等连续选择缺血性卒中症状发作后最初3h内用静脉rt-PA溶栓治疗的病例,对患者的数据进行了研究,并记录溶栓前所有AP治疗的情况。在注入rt-PA后24~36h,常规行头部CT随访。根据欧洲合作急性卒中研究Ⅱ(Europe-an Cooperative Acute Stroke StudyⅡ,ECASSⅡ)的标准,将颅内出血分为出血性梗死1型和2型及实质出血1型和2型。若脑实质出血发生在最初36h内,并与神经功能恶化相关,则诊断为SICH。在该研究的605例患者中,137例(22.6%)用AP进行了预处理,其中106例服用阿司匹林。全组有119例患者(19.7%)出现了颅内出血,出血率AP组(18.4%)与非AP组(20.2%)差异无统计学意义。41例患者(6.8%)出现脑实质出血...     

MMP-9与高龄老年人急性脑梗死静脉溶栓治疗预后的相关性

目的探索高龄老年人静脉溶栓治疗的有效性、安全性、及基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9水平与其出血性转化的关系。方法采用了回顾性分析将溶栓患者分为年龄<80岁组(非高龄组)和年龄≥80岁组(高龄组),对两组患者溶栓前及溶栓后静脉血浆MMP-9浓度及临床预后进行对比及统计学分析。结果 3个月时预后良好的比例在高龄组和非高龄组分别为50%(7/14)和43.5%(30/69)(P=0.203)。两组患者症状性出血率无明显差异(高龄组vs非高龄组:7.1%vs 8.7%,P=0.4),死亡率无明显差异(高龄组vs非高龄组:7.1%vs 7.2%,P=0.42)。溶栓前两组基线MMP-9水平差异无明显统计学意义(P=0.825)。结论 MMP-9作为评价静脉溶栓后出血转化的生物标志物,在高龄患者中并无不同。     

依达拉奉右莰醇在高龄中重度急性缺血性脑卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗中的应用时机

目的 探讨依达拉奉右莰醇在高龄中重度急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗中的应用时机。方法 选择rt-PA静脉溶栓救治的221例高龄中重度AIS患者,随机分为对照组70例、早期组75例、晚期组76例。对照组接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,早期组在rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗启动后即刻给予依达拉奉右莰醇治疗,晚期组在rt-PA静脉溶栓24 h后给予依达拉奉右莰醇治疗。于治疗7 d时采用NIHSS评分评价神经功能改善情况,治疗90 d时采用mRS评分评价预后情况,比较三组短期疗效和长期疗效;观察24 h症状性颅内出血发生率、14 d颅外系统性并发症发生率和90 d病死率,比较三组治疗安全性。结果 三组7 d神经功能改善率、90 d预后良好率比较,早期组和晚期组均高于对照组,且早期组高于晚期组（P均<0.05）。三组24 h症状性颅内出血发生率、14 d颅外系统性并发症发生率比较,早期组低于晚期组和对照组（P均<0.05）,晚期组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。三组90 d病死率比较,早期组和晚期组均低于对照组,且早期组低于晚期组...     

高龄急性缺血性脑卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓预后影响因素分析

目的探讨影响重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗高龄(年龄≥80岁)急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的相关因素分析。方法回顾性分析67例高龄急性缺血性脑卒中患者的相关临床资料,按90d临床结局改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将患者分为预后良好组(mRS≤2分)和预后不良组(mRS2分),以上数据均进行统计学描述,同时进行Logistic回归分析。结果多因素Logistic回归分析提示溶栓前舒张压、溶栓前血糖、24h神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于高龄急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉rt-PA溶栓,24hNIHSS评分、溶栓前血糖、溶栓前舒张压是影响其预后的独立影响因素。     

华法林治疗高龄心房纤颤患者的疗效及安全性研究

目的观察华法林治疗高龄心房纤颤患者的疗效及安全性。方法选取年龄≥80岁高龄老年心房纤颤患者41例,随机分为华法林组（20例）和对照组（21例）。治疗组患者采用华法林抗凝治疗,对照组患者采用阿司匹林治疗。随访3年,比较两组患者脑出血和脑栓塞的发生率。结果随访3年内,治疗组发生脑栓塞1例（5.0%）,对照组发生脑栓塞5例（9.3%）、外周动脉栓塞1例（5.0%）,两组间差异有统计学意义（χ2=0.119,P〈0.05）。两组患者均无严重出血,轻微出血发生率差异无统计学意义。根据危险因素分层后,中危患者血栓栓塞事件治疗组与对照组无统计学意义（χ2=0.847,P〉0.05）,高危患者治疗组栓塞事件（1例）少于对照组（5例）,有统计学意义（χ2=4.102,P〈0.05）。结论高危组的高龄老年心房纤颤患者应用华法林抗凝不良反应少、临床疗效满意,值得在临床推广。     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者发生心室游离壁破裂的危险因素分析

目的：分析急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者发生心室游离壁破裂（FWR）的危险因素。方法回顾性分析武汉亚洲心脏病医院心内科2005年1月至2010年7月间确诊为STEMI患者（1247例）的临床资料,其中发生FWR的患者29例。将患者分为静脉溶栓组、直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PPCI）组和未再灌注治疗组。结果 FWR总体发生率为2.3%,其中静脉溶栓治疗患者128例（10.2%）,发生FWR 6例（4.7%）;接受PPCI患者623例（50.0%）,发生FWR 2例（0.3%）;未再灌注治疗患者496例（39.8%）,发生FWR 21例（4.2%）。FWR组与非FWR组间临床特点比较,高龄（70.2±9.09岁比63.2±11.23岁,P=0.042）、合并高血压病史（62.1%比33.0%,P=0.013）、糖尿病病史（55.2%比23.5%,P=0.022）、合并心力衰竭（Killip分级≥Ⅱ级）（58.6%比21.9%,P=0.012）,既往无陈旧性心肌梗死患者（10.3%比18.4%,P=0.018）等项的差异均有统计学意义;经多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示年龄（≥70岁）、心功能（Killip≥Ⅱ）、静脉溶栓治疗、高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）＞100 mg/L与心肌梗死后发生FWR相关。结论高龄、心力衰竭、静脉溶栓治疗以及hsCRP＞100 mg/L是预测FWR发生的独立危险因素。     

高龄后循环脑梗死患者的临床特点分析

目的探讨高龄后循环脑梗死患者的发病危险因素、临床表现、影像学特点和预后。方法选择522例老年急性后循环脑梗死患者,依据年龄分为高龄组152例(≥80岁)和老年组370例(60⁷9岁)。比较2组患者的临床症状、影像学资料和发病危险因素,并在病后30d进行改良Rankin量表评估分析预后。结果与老年组比较,高龄组头晕和双侧肢体乏力、心房颤动比例明显升高(42.11%vs 29.73%、7.89%vs 3.24%、17.11%vs 10.00%,P<0.05,P<0.01)。高龄组最常累积后循环血管的中段和远段。与老年组比较,高龄组枕叶单发梗死和多发梗死明显升高;预后不良比例明显升高(28.29%vs 17.57%,P<0.01)。结论高龄后循环脑梗死患者在发病危险因素、临床表现以及影像学特点均与老年后循环脑梗死患者存在差异,高龄后循环脑梗死患者预后相对较差。     

80岁以上高龄急性心肌梗死患者研究进展

急性心肌梗死(AMI)是老年人病死率高的主要病因之一。药物溶栓和介入治疗是临床上常规使用的治疗手段,能显著降低患者的病死率,改善预后。然而,高龄心肌梗死患者在临床上常并发多种疾病,出血风险较高,不论是药物溶栓还是介入治疗都有一定的禁忌和风险。针对高龄AMI患者的再灌注治疗仍缺少广泛的大规模数据支持,使患者预后更有益的治疗手段存在争议。笔者回顾了80岁以上ST段抬高型心肌梗死以及非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的国内外研究现状,比较了介入治疗与药物溶栓的治疗方法,旨在为高龄AMI患者的临床选择提供参考依据。     

Effect of heparin on coronary arterial patency after thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction

Infarct artery patency rates at 90 minutes after coronary thrombolysis using recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) with and without concurrent heparin anticoagulation have been shown to be comparable. The contribution of heparin to efficacy and safety after thrombolysis with rt-PA is unknown. In this pilot study, 84 patients were treated within 6 hours of onset of acute myocardial infarction (mean of 2.7 hours) with the standard dose of 100 mg of rt-PA over 3 hours. Forty-two patients were randomized to receive additionally immediate intravenous heparin anticoagulation (5,000 U of intravenous bolus followed by 1,000 U/hour titrated to a partial thromboplastin time of 1.5 to 2.0 times control) while 42 patients received rt-PA alone. Coronary angiography performed on day 3 (48 to 72 hours, mean 57) after rt-PA therapy revealed infarct artery patency rates of 71 and 43% in anticoagulated and control patients, respectively (p = 0.015). Recurrent ischemia or infarction, or both, occurred in 3 (7.1%) anticoagulated patients and 5 (11.9%) control patients (difference not significant). Mild, moderate and severe bleeding occurred in 52, 10 and 2% of the group receiving anticoagulation, respectively, and 34, 2 and 0% of patients in the control group, respectively (p = 0.006). These data indicate that after rt-PA therapy of acute myocardial infarction, heparin therapy is associated with substantially higher coronary patency rates 3 days after thrombolysis but is accompanied by an increased incidence of minor bleeding complications.     

急性脑梗死伴肾功能不全患者静脉溶栓疗效观察

目的 观察急性脑梗死伴肾功能不全患者静脉溶栓治疗的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析63例重组人组织纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死患者,比较肾功能不全组和肾功能正常组溶栓后24小时NIHSS评分和出院时mRS评分、住院天数及出血转化情况.结果 两组患者性别、高血压、糖尿病、房颤患病率及起病时血糖、血压、总胆固醇、凝血酶原时间等基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.肾功能不全组存在年龄高,血红蛋白含量低,血小板计数少,尿酸高以及既往脑卒中史多等危险因素,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组患者溶栓后24小时NIHSS评分和出院时mRS评分均有显著改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;但溶栓前NIHSS评分、溶栓前mRS评分,溶栓后24小时NIHSS评分和出院时mRS评分、住院天数及出血例数比较两组间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 急性脑梗死伴肾功能不全患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗可同样获益,且出血风险无显著增加.     

注射用重组瑞替普酶治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效评价

目的对比观察瑞替普酶(reteplase rPA)与重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)用于急性心肌梗死(AMI)溶栓治疗的效果及安全性。方法自2001年11月~2002年5月,共26例AMI患者随机接受rPA或rt-PA溶栓治疗,观察溶栓再通率、急性期死亡率、并发症及不良反应发生率。结果溶栓后2h再通率rPA为92.86%,rt-PA组为75%(P>0.05),90min rPA组3例行冠状动脉造影显示全部再通,rt-PA组3例冠状动造影显示仅1例再通,35d rPA组病死率为14.29%,rt-PA组病死率8.33%(P>0.05),两组各有1例患者发生冠状动脉再闭塞,rt-PA组1例患者发生心力衰竭(P>0.05)。结论rPA为国人治疗AMI安全、有效的溶栓药物。     

A double blind placebo controlled study of early and late administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction.

Within four hours of the onset of acute myocardial infarction 57 consecutive patients were randomised blindly to infusion of 150 mg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) (group 1) over five hours or placebo (group 2) when they were first seen outside hospital or in the accident and emergency department. When they were admitted to the coronary care unit patients in group 1 also had placebo infused and those in group 2 were treated with rt-PA as well as placebo. Treatment with rt-PA started at a mean of 119 minutes (range 38-235) after the onset of pain in group 1 and 187 minutes (range 80-285) after the onset of pain in group. In 19 (79%) of 24 in group 1 and 16 of 25 (64%) in group 2 cardiac catheterisation 10-14 days after infarction showed thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grades 2 or 3. There was mean percentage shortening of the infarct related segments (Leighton method) of 16% in group 1 and 10.3% in group 2. For patients with anterior infarction mean percentage shortening was 20.5% in group 1 and 12.2% in group 2. Although there was no significant difference in global ejection fraction as assessed by contrast ventriculography or radionuclide ventriculography the infarct related regional third ejection fraction (a measure of the function of the territory of the affected coronary artery) was significantly improved by early treatment (41% group 1 and 28% group 2). Assessment of infarct size by the QRS scoring method of Palmeri showed QRS score less than or equal to 15/25 patients in group 1 and 8/27 in group 2. Nine patients developed 11 episodes of ventricular fibrillation; all patients in whom ventricular fibrillation developed during treatment with rt-PA were successfully resuscitated. There was no clinically significant bleeding. In seven (12%) patients clinical and electrocardiographic criteria suggested reocclusion. Five patients died from cardiac causes. Prehospital administration of rt-PA was feasible and significantly reduced the delay before thrombolysis was started. Earlier treatment improved myocardial function in the the infarct area and reduced the infarct size.     

Effects of microbleeds on hemorrhage development in leukoaraiosis patients.

The possible influences of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) on the development of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with leukoaraiosis (LA) have rarely been examined. We aimed to determine whether CMBs might be a risk factor for ICH in hypertensive patients with leukoaraiosis. We studied 70 hypertensive patients with acute ICH and LA (the ICH group) by brain MRI, including T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequences. The control group was composed of 73 hypertensive LA patients without ICH. CMBs and old lacunae were counted in the group of patients with ICH and in the control subjects and compared. The ICH group contained more patients with CMBs (68 patients; control group, 41; p < 0.01), and showed a higher mean number of lesions (19.9 +/- 31.1; control group, 7.4 +/- 19.6; p < 0.01). The negative predictive value for ICH was highest among the ICH patients without CMB (94.1%), and the positive predictive value was highest among the ICH patients with 6 or more CMBs (75.4%). Old lacunae were observed more frequently in the ICH group (65 patients; control group, 58; p = 0.02), but their predictive value for ICH was not high (positive, 52.3%; negative, 75.0%). Our results indicated that CMBs may be used to predict the risk of ICH in hypertensive patients with advanced LA.     

A double blind placebo controlled study of early and late administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction

Within four hours of the onset of acute myocardial infarction 57 consecutive patients were randomised blindly to infusion of 150 mg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) (group 1) over five hours or placebo (group 2) when they were first seen outside hospital or in the accident and emergency department. When they were admitted to the coronary care unit patients in group 1 also had placebo infused and those in group 2 were treated with rt-PA as well as placebo. Treatment with rt-PA started at a mean of 119 minutes (range 38-235) after the onset of pain in group 1 and 187 minutes (range 80-285) after the onset of pain in group. In 19 (79%) of 24 in group 1 and 16 of 25 (64%) in group 2 cardiac catheterisation 10-14 days after infarction showed thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grades 2 or 3. There was mean percentage shortening of the infarct related segments (Leighton method) of 16% in group 1 and 10.3% in group 2. For patients with anterior infarction mean percentage shortening was 20.5% in group 1 and 12.2% in group 2. Although there was no significant difference in global ejection fraction as assessed by contrast ventriculography or radionuclide ventriculography the infarct related regional third ejection fraction (a measure of the function of the territory of the affected coronary artery) was significantly improved by early treatment (41% group 1 and 28% group 2). Assessment of infarct size by the QRS scoring method of Palmeri showed QRS score less than or equal to 15/25 patients in group 1 and 8/27 in group 2. Nine patients developed 11 episodes of ventricular fibrillation; all patients in whom ventricular fibrillation developed during treatment with rt-PA were successfully resuscitated. There was no clinically significant bleeding. In seven (12%) patients clinical and electrocardiographic criteria suggested reocclusion. Five patients died from cardiac causes. Prehospital administration of rt-PA was feasible and significantly reduced the delay before thrombolysis was started. Earlier treatment improved myocardial function in the the infarct area and reduced the infarct size.