住院精神病人合并糖尿病相关因素分析及对策

[目的]探讨住院精神病人合并糖尿病的有效干预措施.[方法]自制调查表对住院精神病人合并糖尿病,病程大干2月的39例病人作为对照组进行回顾性调查分析,实施干预措施2月后仍在院的37例病人作实验组进行对比分析统计.[结果]406例住院精神病人中42例合并耱尿病,患病率10.34%,是2006年"世界糖尿病日"公布的城市糖尿病患病率的2.15倍;对照组中14例有完整自知力,13例有部分自知力,12例完全无自知力,97.43%的病人不知道低血糖的表现及防治方法.采取系统干预措施后空腹血糖完全控制在正常范围62.16%,高于对照组33.33%,经χ2检验(P＜0.05),有统计学意义.[结论]采取合理的干预措施可有效控制住院精神病人合并糖尿病的血糖在正常范围.     

2000-2004年住院恶性肿瘤前10位构成分析

目的 探讨本地区恶性肿瘤住院病人的病种变化趋势及病人性别和患病年龄变化情况.方法 对本院2000-2004年住院恶性肿瘤前10位构成进行分析.结果 恶性肿瘤发病不断上升,在病种、年龄、性别构成方面具有新的特点.结论 应重视恶性肿瘤出现的新特点,有效地开展恶性肿瘤的防治工作.     

医院对住院精神病人的监护职责与权利探讨

[目的]探索医院对住院精神病人的监护职责与应享受的权利.[方法]对攀枝花市三级甲等精神专科医院2003年1月～2006年12月住院精神病人发生意外事件而引起纠纷的资料进行回顾性分析.[结果]住院精神病人的监护人均未将监护职责委托给医院,病人发生意外事件后,无论是患方与医院协商解决还是通过法律途径解决,均认为医院承担了保证病人安全的监护职责,无论医院有否过错,医院100%的承担了较大的经济损失.[结论]对监护人拒绝对住院精神病人履行监护责任的收取监护费,是医院承担监护职责应享受的权利.     

长期住院精神病患者的婚姻状况调查

[目的]了解长期住院精神病患者的婚姻状况状。[方法]用自制的调查表对住我院精神科5年以上的患者进行现况调查,并进行统计学处理。[结果]精神病人的未婚率和离婚率明显高于正常人群：未婚者89例（占54.6%）,离婚者41例（占25.15%）。且与病人的性别、年龄、病程、疾病种类、职业有关。[结论]要改变精神病人的婚姻状况,必须要缩短病人的住院时间、注重精神康复、改善社会环境,加强社会及家庭支持。     

210例精神病长期住院病人合并内科疾病的临床分析

本院收治的精神病人绝大多数为肇事肇祸精神病人,这些病人住院的时间较长,平均2.73年,在长期住院中,它们合并内科疾病的机率也较高,所以能常握其内在规律并合理地进行治疗,无疑将会提高这些病人的生活质量和生存时间.     

住院精神病人腹泻流行病学调查

精神病人发生腹泻比较多见,不但原因复杂特殊,而且其治疗与护理也有其特点.为了预防腹泻的发生,有的放矢地进行护理,对1994年住院精神病人腹泻情况进行分析.1 对象与方法对1994年住院的各类精神疾病病人(1993年底住院未出及1994年新入院者),由病区护士每日中午询问大便情况,测体温、脉搏、呼吸,根据病情及大夫处理情况进行分析.2 结果与分析:     

某院2004-2008年出院病人前10位疾病构成分析

目的 分析某院5年来出院病人的疾病构成,为医院合理配备床位和重点专科建设提供科学的依据. 方法 收集2004-2008年出院病人资料,对疾病的构成、顺位进行统计分析. 结果 收治前10位系统疾病与全国城市疾病构成前10位基本相同,占住院总人数的89.91%.其中损伤和中毒、消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病是该市主要疾病;以具体病种而言,脑血管病和心脏疾病位居第1、2位且住院病人数呈逐年上升趋势. 结论 损伤和中毒、呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病和肿瘤应成为该院的工作重点.     

住院精神病人意外死亡分析及防范措施

[目的]总结住院精神病人意外死亡的原因,探索防止意外死亡的防范措施. [方法]回顾性调查攀枝花市精神病医院1976年1月～2006年12月在住院期间发生意外死亡23例. [结果]猝死6例(26.09%),自杀、噎食死亡各5例(21.74%),病人致死3例(13.04%),跌倒死亡4例(17.39%). [结论]住院精神病人意外死亡原因多种多样,针对不同原因及时采取相应安全防范措施可有效防范病人意外死亡.     

我国精神病专科医院发展对策

近年来,随着改年开放的不断深入和社会经济的发展,我国精神卫生事业有了长足的进步,同时也出现了一些新情况、新问题,尤以精神病专科医院经济状况不佳为甚,其生存与发展都面临危机。据有关部门统计,全国多数精神病专科医院住院病人均有减少。以我省为例,目前有50％的医院床位使用率低于60％,服务区内病人就诊率不足20％,住院病人仅占此类病人的2％～3％。造成这一问题的原因是多方面的,较为一致的看法是:(1)大部分特别是经济不发达地区精神病人家庭生活较为困难,加之医疗费用上涨,难以负担住院医疗费用。(2)精神卫生知识普及不够,导致     

夏季住院精神病人低钾血症的原因分析和护理对策

目的：探讨夏季住院精神病人低钾血症的原因与护理对策。方法：对本院2011年5月至9月份50例精神病人并发低钾血症的原因进行调查分析,针对发生原因采取相应的护理措施。结果：50例低钾血症病人经口服、静脉补钾等治疗和护理后低钾血症得到及时纠正。其中30例经口服补钾病人有10例出现恶心,后经注入饼干、面包屑中和加入牛奶或果汁后恶心消失。20例经静脉补钾过程中出现不同程度的局部疼痛。后经调节静脉滴速、局部热敷等,疼痛缓解。结论：夏季住院精神病人在入院起就应该高度重视低钾血症的发生,并采取适当的护理措施,可减少低钾血症发生或使低钾血症很快控制。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.