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Objectives
To determine a) the impact of pharmacy setting (chain vs. independent) and b) pharmacists' communication styles on patients' pharmacist selection preferences and their perceptions of pharmacists.Design
A 2 (pharmacy setting) × 4 (communication style of pharmacist) mixed-design experiment using online vignettes, where pharmacy setting (chain vs. independent) was the between-subjects factor and the communication style of the pharmacists (paternalistic, informative, interpretive, or deliberative) was the within-subjects factor.Setting and participants
A total of 502 adult U.S. participants completed an online survey.Main outcome measures
Participants completed measures of perceived expertise, quality of medical care, and patient satisfaction after exposure to each vignette. They also selected which of the 4 pharmacists they would want to visit, along with answering an open-ended prompt explaining their decision.Results
Mixed analysis of variance results revealed that pharmacy setting had no impact on the dependent variables, although pharmacists adopting more patient-centered communication (i.e., deliberative or interpretive) were perceived to have greater expertise (P < 0.001). These pharmacists were also predicted to provide a higher quality of care (P < 0.001) and greater patient satisfaction (P < 0.001). Although the majority of participants would choose to visit a patient-centered pharmacist, about 1 in 6 stated that he or she would prefer a pharmacist adopting a paternalistic communication style. Participants' rationale for their selections focused primarily on how the pharmacists would communicate or recommend treatments.Conclusion
Although patient-centered care is seen as a criterion standard in pharmacy practice, there is a large subset of patients who prefer pharmacists who communicate from a more biomedical perspective. Future research and interprofessional educational opportunities with colleagues in communication disciplines may be fruitful in helping pharmacists to better assess patient cues that might signal their willingness to be more or less active participants in their care. Pharmacies may also find it useful to improve how they market pharmacists so that patients can more effectively choose pharmacists who fit the style of care they would like to receive. 相似文献6.
Kenneth C. Hohmeier Nancy Borja-Hart Maureen Cooper James Kirby Cindy Fisher 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2017,57(1):82-85
Objective
To determine pharmacist career paths and resident perceptions after completion of a PGY1 community pharmacy residency with a national supermarket pharmacy chain.Methods
Cross-sectional nationwide survey.Results
Overall, 65% (n = 24) of residents who responded accepted a position with Kroger immediately after graduation. When asked about the degree of value the residency had on obtaining the resident’s ideal position, 29 (76%) reported that it was “very valuable” and the remaining 9 (24%) reported that it was “somewhat valuable.” Positions that these pharmacists held immediately after residency completion were: clinical pharmacist (clinical coordinators, patient care specialists, or patient care managers; 54%), staff pharmacist (21%), split/mixed (mixed clinical and staffing components; 21%), and pharmacy manager (4%).Conclusion
Residency trained pharmacists were retained by the pharmacy chain where they practiced, and the majority of those pharmacists held split or full-time clinical pharmacist roles within the chain supermarket pharmacy. 相似文献7.
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Lorinda Anderson Laura M. Borgelt Paige Clark Gina Moore 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(1):113-116
Objectives
To initiate a call to action for community pharmacists and key stakeholders to encourage comprehensive and consistent education and certification for contraception services, especially in states where laws have been enacted for pharmacist prescribing of hormonal contraceptives.Date sources
Websites for several boards of pharmacy that have implemented pharmacist training for contraceptive prescribing.Summary
From the authors’ perspective of helping to implement laws that allow pharmacist prescribing of contraception in Oregon and Colorado, lessons learned have shown that it is better to have 1 consistent resource for pharmacist certification for the following reasons: 1) Boards of pharmacy are able to ensure patient safety because all pharmacists are providing the same level of care to every patient; 2) retail chain pharmacies and pharmacy managers are assured that all their pharmacists, regardless of state, are trained in a similar and appropriate manner; and 3) pharmacists can be reimbursed through medical insurance for the patient encounter because payers are able to identify and credential pharmacists who pass an approved and accredited certification program.Conclusion
New laws allowing pharmacists to prescribe contraception are expanding to other states, and the implementation of these laws provides an important increase in pharmacists’ scope of practice. This exciting new prospect allows the pharmacy community of each state an opportunity to coordinate and learn from each other on best practices for implementation. Having a consistent training program was identified as being one key aspect of successful implementation. 相似文献11.
Meg M. Little Sara Eischens Mary Jo Martin Susan Nokleby Laura C. Palombi Cynthia Van Kirk Jayme van Risseghem Ya-Feng Wen Jennifer Koziol Wozniak Erika Yoney Randall Seifert 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(1):67-72.e1
Background
Pharmacist participation in school medication management (MM) is minimal. School nurses are responsible for increasingly complex medication administration and management in schools.Objectives
The purpose of this study was to 1) assess the MM needs of school nurses in Minnesota, and 2) determine if and how interprofessional partnerships between nurses and pharmacists might optimize MM for students.Methods
Researchers from the University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, School Nurse Organization of Minnesota, and Minnesota Department of Health conducted a 32-item online survey of school nurses.Results
Nurses administered the majority of medications at their school (69.9%) compared with unlicensed assistive personnel (29%). Stimulants (37.7%), asthma medications (25.7%), over-the-counter analgesics (17.8%), and insulin (6.6%) were the most commonly administered drug therapies. A clear majority of school nurses were interested in partnering with pharmacists: 90.3% thought that a pharmacist could assist with MM, 80% would consult with a pharmacist, and 12.3% reported that they already have informal access to a pharmacist. Topics that nurses would discuss with a pharmacist included new medications (71.6%), drug–drug interactions (67.1%), proper administration (52%), and storage (39.4%). The top MM concerns included 1) availability of students' medications and required documentation, 2) health literacy, 3) pharmacist consultations, 4) lack of time available for nurses to follow up with and evaluate students, 5) family-centered care, 6) delegation, 7) communication, and 8) professional development.Conclusion
Although the majority of school nurses surveyed indicated that partnerships with pharmacists would improve school MM, few had a formal relationship. Interprofessional partnerships focused on MM and education are high on the list of services that school nurses would request of a consultant pharmacist. Study results suggest that there are opportunities for pharmacists to collaborate with school nurses; further study is necessary to advance high-quality MM for students in Minnesota schools. 相似文献12.
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Lisa Blanchette Timothy Gauthier Emily Heil Michael Klepser Karl Madaras Kelly Michael Nailor Wenjing Wei Katie Suda 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(5):481-484
Objectives
The objective of this position statement is to describe the essential role of pharmacists in antimicrobial stewardship in outpatient care.Data sources
N/A.Summary
The majority of antibiotic prescribing occurs in outpatient care settings highlighting the need for antibiotic stewardship in the community. Given their expertise on medication management, pharmacists are essential to any antibiotic stewardship effort.Conclusion
As the regulations for antibiotic stewardship in outpatient settings continue to evolve and optimal stewardship strategies are defined, pharmacists must be leaders in the implementation of these programs. 相似文献17.
Cydnee Ng Rana Najjar Natalie DiPietro Mager Sally Rafie 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(4):426-431
Objectives
The primary objective was to assess pharmacist and student pharmacist current involvement and interest in providing preconception care services. Secondary objectives were to assess comfort in providing these services to various subpopulations in addition to training and resource needs.Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in the United States and its territories from August 26 to October 14, 2016. Pharmacists and student pharmacists were recruited via a Facebook advertisement to participate in a self-administered survey assessing experiences, interest, and comfort in providing preconception care services in addition to training and resource needs.Results
Three hundred thirty-two responses were included in the final analysis from the United States and its territories. Most respondents were female (72%) and pharmacists (65%). Respondents reported providing preconception care services, from routine immunizations (54%) to sexually transmitted disease (STD) and HIV screening and management (13%). Respondents also expressed strongest interest in providing new services for STD and HIV screening and management (68%) and minimizing risk of medication teratogenicity (62%). Respondents were most comfortable providing services to female adults (88%) and female adolescents (65%) compared with male adults (61%) and male adolescents (32%). Respondents indicated that tools, such as patient medical records (67%), patient educational materials (66%), and clinical guidelines (60%), would facilitate adoption of preconception care services.Conclusion
This study provides the first insights on the involvement, interest, and comfort of pharmacists and student pharmacists in the United States and its territories related to preconception care. Most respondents indicated that they are currently providing or are interested in providing preconception care services. Tools and resources should be developed to facilitate pharmacist provision of preconception care services. 相似文献18.
Mark A. Strand David M. Scott Teri Undem Gabrielle Anderson Andrea Clarens Xiyuan Liu 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2017,57(3):395-401
Background
Pharmacists have contributed to improved population health through the delivery of public health services, but their contributions often go unrecognized within the larger health care system.Objectives
To determine pharmacist perceptions of their contributions to the 10 essential services of public health and to compare those contributions among pharmacists in Iowa, North Dakota, and Manitoba.Methods
Licensed pharmacists in Iowa, North Dakota, and Manitoba were sent an online survey of their perceived level of achievement of the 10 essential services of public health.Results
A total of 649 pharmacists completed the survey. The 3 essential services that scored the highest overall were enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety, inform and educate people about health issues, and participate in ongoing training beyond continuing education requirements. Contributions of pharmacists to the 10 essential services of public health were previously evaluated by frequency of citation in the published literature. There was relative agreement between what was reported in the literature and what was determined by survey. One exception was “enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety,” which was rarely reported in the literature but was reported in the survey to be the most frequently delivered service.Conclusion
Pharmacist contributions to improved population health should be reported with the use of the 10 essential services of public health. This will increase recognition of pharmacist contributions and better align the disciplines of pharmacy and public health. In particular, pharmacists should consider ways to increase their level of involvement in the community and in partnership with other health care professionals. 相似文献19.