经颅开眶眼球后肿瘤切除手术探讨

目的介绍经颅开眶切除眼球后肿瘤手术技术经验及预后。方法回顾总结了经颅手术切除眶内肿瘤13例临床资料,探讨手术过程中保留视力,美容重建等难点和技巧。结果其中血管瘤8例和1例视神经鞘脑膜瘤全部切除,2例视神经鞘脑膜瘤次全切,1例假性肿瘤和1例错构瘤部分切除;随访7例(6例失去联系),其中6例术前突眼视力下降3~6个月内均恢复,1例突眼眼外展未恢复。结论经颅眶入路可根据肿瘤位置适当调整手术入路,更好的暴露眼眶内容物及肿瘤,能较好地保护眶内容物,基本不影响容貌。     

伽玛刀治疗眼眶及眶颅沟通脑膜瘤中长期疗效分析与比较

目的 探究伽玛刀(γ-刀)治疗眼眶及眶颅沟通脑膜瘤的中长期疗效及差异.方法 54例眼眶内及眶颅沟通脑膜瘤患者接受γ-刀治疗,其中眼眶内脑膜瘤32例,眶颅沟通脑膜瘤22例,肿瘤中位容积8.29cm3(0.22～32.6cm3),肿瘤边缘平均剂量4.2 Gy(10.0～17.0 Gy),40％～55％等剂量线.结果 随访5～187个月,平均57个月,治疗后患者视力提高6例,维持不变31例,下降12例,失明5例;影像学显示肿瘤消失3例,缩小26例,无变化17例,增大8例,肿瘤总体控制率达85.2％,其中眶内脑膜瘤控制率90.6％,眶颅沟通脑膜瘤控制率77.3％.伽玛刀治疗后主要不良反应为眼部疼痛、眼睑肿胀、球结膜充血水肿等.结论 伽玛刀治疗眼眶及眶颅沟通脑膜瘤具有长期控制肿瘤生长,可保留多数患者视力,并发症少等优点;眼眶内脑膜瘤在肿瘤控制及视力预后均好于眶颅沟通脑膜瘤.     

视神经鞘脑膜瘤(附5例报道)

目的 探讨显微神经外科技术在治疗视神经鞘脑膜瘤中的作用。方法 5例视神经鞘脑膜瘤均采用显做外科切除，1例采用额颞入路，2例为改良翼点入路，2例经眶额-翼点入路。术中力求解剖保留视神经。对比手术前后视力改变，以评价手术效果。结果 肿瘤全切3例，视神经解剖保留4例。术后视力情况：1例较术前进步，1例无变化，3例完全失明。结论 显做神经外科技术多可以解剖保留视神经，但很少能保留视力。     

眼眶内肿瘤的显微手术治疗(附12例报告)

目的探讨眼眶内肿瘤的临床特点、手术方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年至2017年经颅显微手术治疗的12例眼眶内肿瘤的临床资料。结果肿瘤全切11例,次全切1例。术后9例视力改善。术后病理检查结果显示,脑膜瘤6例,血管瘤3例,视神经胶质瘤2例,脊索瘤1例。术后随访1~5年,平均3.2年;术后半年复查头部MRI检查,2例复发。结论经颅手术治疗眼眶内肿瘤,能更好地暴露眼眶内容物及肿瘤情况,能更好地保护眶内神经和眼肌,基本上不影响容貌。     

经眶入路神经内镜手术治疗蝶眶脑膜瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨经眶入路神经内镜手术治疗蝶眶脑膜瘤的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年12月至2021年2月经眶入路神经内镜手术治疗的18例蝶眶脑膜瘤的临床资料。结果 经眶入路手术9例,扩大经眶入路手术9例。肿瘤全切除3例,次全切除4例,部分切除11例。未全切除的15例中,13例肿瘤累及海绵窦,8例有眶内受累,8例有鞍旁、翼腭窝、颞下窝或颞肌受累。11例术后辅助伽玛刀治疗,1例术后辅助放疗。术后出现一过性眼球外活动受限3例,感觉减退2例,脑脊液漏1例。与正常侧相比,患侧眼眶软组织体积减少（91.18±8.19）%,术后眼眶软组织体积增加（113.73±12.92）%。术后眼球突出程度[（1.5±1.9）mm]较术前[（4.2±2.3）mm]明显降低（P<0.05）。10例压迫性视神经病变视力、视野明显改善。术后未出现视力恶化。18例术后平均随访（20.4±10.4）个月,2例肿瘤进展,2例肿瘤复发。结论 经眶入路神经内镜手术是治疗蝶眶脑膜瘤的一种有效方法,对肿瘤切除是有效的,而且不会引起严重的不良反应,对压迫性视神经病变也很一定的疗效。     

颅眶沟通性视神经鞘脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨经额眶入路显微手术切除颅眶沟通性视神经鞘脑膜瘤的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年1月经额眶入路显微手术治疗26例颅眶沟通性视神经鞘脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。结果 肿瘤全切除25例,次全切除1例;肿瘤全切除率为96.2%。无手术死亡病例及颅内感染、脑脊液漏、搏动性突眼等并发症发生。术后新出现4例眼球运动障碍,3个月后1例完全恢复,3例不全麻痹。术后出现10例上睑下垂,3个月后7例病人不同程度恢复上睑抬举功能,3例无恢复。术后1月全切病例行视神经管周伽玛刀治疗,次全切病例行肿瘤残余部分伽玛刀治疗。术后随访3~36个月,平均10.3月,MRI检查示全切病例无肿瘤复发,未全切患者未见残余肿瘤增大。结论 经额眶入路切除颅眶沟通性视神经鞘脑膜瘤是较好的手术方式,全切率高,并发症少,结合术后辅助伽玛刀治疗效果满意。     

前颅窝底骨折合并视神经损伤的治疗

目的分析前颅窝底骨折合并视神经损伤的手术疗效。方法回顾性总结19例前颅窝底骨折所致视力障碍患者的临床资料，依据术前患者头颅SCT轴位和冠状位眼眶及视神经管薄层扫描，将患者分为A、B两组。A组共7例为组成眶顶的额骨眶部和筛骨筛板骨折，术前患者失明，行眶内减压。B组共12例为视神经管骨折，术前患者有不同程度的视力障碍，行视神经管减压。结果A组经眶内减压术后，视力恢复快而且明显，B组经视神经管减压术后视力有不同程度的恢复。两组术后均未出现脑脊液漏等并发症。结论对于颅脑外伤引起失明的患者，要进行充分的术前评价，如为眶顶骨折引起眶内段视神经间接损伤所致失明，一旦明确诊断即行眶内减压治疗，不但可以挽救患者的视力，而且修补硬脑膜可以预防脑脊液鼻漏；对于视神经管骨折引起视力障碍的患者应争取早期手术治疗。     

伴有视力障碍的内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤治疗及预后分析

目的探讨伴有视力障碍的内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的手术治疗及术后视力改善情况。方法回顾性分析我院手术治疗的32例伴有视力障碍的内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤患者临床资料及术后随访结果。结果32例内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤患者,视力改善20例,未改善12例;肿瘤全切21例,次全切除8例,大部切除3例。术前有视神经萎缩的8例患者,术后随访6例视力无变化,2例视力恶化。小型肿瘤手术后视力改善（改善率90．0％）优于肿瘤较大者（大型及巨大型50．0％）;肿瘤全切的患者视力改善（改善率81．0％）优于未行全切者（改善率27．3％）。结论手术后视力改善与术前肿瘤大小、是否全切及术前有无视神经萎缩有关。     

视神经脑膜瘤与胶质瘤的处理

本文报告了1978～1986年间的63例视神经脑膜瘤与胶质瘤有关诊断和治疗方面的经验.这些患者均为单侧视神经受累,未累及视交叉.其中28例为视神经胶质瘤(年龄为14～56岁,单侧视力从0.5降至无光感,女性多见.),35例视神经脑膜瘤(年龄为14～60岁,单侧视力从0.9降至无光感,女性多见.).均采用经额入路,但由于视神经胶质瘤主要在视神经鞘内膨胀性生长,而脑膜瘤却对邻近结构尚有浸润.故二者的术式尚有异.对于视神经胶质瘤,先将颅内段肿瘤连同视交叉至视神经管间增粗的视神经一并切除.双极电凝视交叉与视神经管处的视神经残端.然后,开眶顶,在显微镜下显露肿瘤,在眼球后极处切断视神经,将肿瘤切除,并电凝视神经的前后两残端.不必打开视神经管.通     

神经内镜经鼻蝶入路和经颅内镜眶上外侧入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤

目的 探讨神经内镜经鼻蝶入路和经颅内镜眶上外侧入路手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤(TSM)的方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析遵义医科大学附属医院神经外科2016年6月—2019年6月,14例行神经内镜手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。其中经鼻蝶入路手术6例,经颅内镜眶上外侧入路8例。结果 经鼻蝶入路组患者肿瘤切除均达到SimpsonⅠ级,经眶上外侧入路组患者均达到SimpsonⅡ级;除1例患者视力下降加重外,其余患者的视力障碍均较术前改善。术后2例患者出现嗅觉障碍,1例患者出现颅内感染;两组患者均无发生脑脊液漏。结论 神经内镜经鼻蝶入路和经颅内镜眶上外侧入路均是手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的有效方法,两种内镜技术可全切除绝大部分的鞍结节脑膜瘤。经鼻内镜的优势是将复杂颅底脑膜瘤变为凸面脑膜瘤,对于质地较韧,且前交通动脉复合体包裹明显的血管保护有一定困难;经颅内镜可以无死角切除鞍结节脑膜瘤,对于侵犯视神经管的肿瘤的视神经减压有一定局限。两种技术可以优势互补,根据肿瘤的生长方式合理选择。     

儿童眶内视神经胶质瘤的手术治疗和随访

目的 探求儿童眶内视神经胶质瘤的手术方法.方法 总结3例15岁以下(分别是1.5岁、3岁和10岁)眼眶内视神经胶质瘤临床症状和体征,肿瘤影像学发现,采用经额底入路打开前颅底(眶顶),切除视神经肿瘤.根据肿瘤切除程度和患儿年龄采用术后放疗.结果 3例患儿视力下降,2例有下凸眼,患侧瞳孔扩大且无光反射.2例肿瘤向颅内生长其视乳头呈苍白色,1例眶内局限生长视乳头呈水肿改变.MRI和CT显示3例均为右侧眶内肿瘤,呈梭状外观,其中2例肿瘤向颅内生长,但没有超过视交叉.经冠状切口额底入路,去除眶顶板,眶内段肿瘤全部切除3例,其中2例向颅内生长部分没有全切除.术后1例10岁患儿行放疗,另2例为3岁以下患儿,未行放疗.3例患儿术后连续随访,最长8年,均没有肿瘤复发.结论 对于局限存眶内段的视神经胶质瘤应予全切除,对4岁以上患儿,如有肿瘤颅内生长,应行术后放疗,患儿可获得长期生存.     

Acute optic neuritis: clinical and MRI prognostic factors. Study of fifty patients

The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of visual outcome after acute optic neuritis (ON) in relation to clinical and MRI findings. Fifty cases of acute ON within one month were retrospectively studied. MRI with Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) sequence of the optic nerve were obtained with a median time onset of 9 days after ON. Mean age of patients was 32.8 years, mean initial visual acuity was 3/10 and orbital pain was present in 86 percent100 of patients. The STIR sequence revealed lesion in 88 percent 100 of acutely symptomatic optic nerves. An initial low visual acuity (less than 2/10), the absence of orbital pain and involvement of the intracanalicular portion of the optic nerve on STIR sequence were statistically correlated with a poorer visual outcome (respectively p=0.0041, p=0.035 and p=0.011).     

Visual impairment complicated with meningioma]

Among 106 patients of meningioma surgically experienced the past 10 years between 1981 and 1990, twelve of meningioma with progressive visual impairment were analyzed in relation to postoperative visual outcome. There were four males and eight females, and the age ranged from 33 to 61 years with the average 48 years. The distribution of tumor location was 6 cases in tuberculum sellae, 3 cases in the inner side of sphenoid ridge, and 3 cases in olfactory groove. The size of tumor in each case was 2 to 7 cm in diameter, and in 8 cases more than 3 cm. The duration of visual disturbance was between 3 months and 10 years with the average 3 years. For all cases, surgical removal of the tumor was performed totally by pterional and bifrontal approach. Consequently, 58.3% of 7 cases had improved vision postoperatively, 16.7% of 2 cases remained unchanged, and 25.0% of 3 cases were worse, including one case of malignant meningioma, Visual outcome was mainly affected by a duration of symptoms, a tumor size, a preoperative visual impairment, and in special, a situation of optic nerve where compression of tumor itself and adherence to the surrounding tissues took place. On operation, great care should be paid for a case of long-standing, severe visual disturbance as demonstrating hemianopsia with visual narrowing less than 50 degree by perimetry, and also for preservation of the feeding arteries of optic nerves.     

Clinical without histopathological manifestations of inflammation in a patient with primary intraorbital optic nerve sheath meningioma.

A 28-year-old man with a biopsy-proven benign intraorbital optic nerve sheath meningioma developed recurrent clinical manifestations of ipsilateral retrobulbar inflammation 9 years after undergoing postoperative radiation therapy. Debulking of the tumor 11 years after the original surgery again revealed no pathologic signs of inflammation. Whether growth of tumor, surgery, radiation, or edema triggered the inflammatory manifestations is unclear. Our case affirms that primary optic nerve meningiomas may rarely cause episodic manifestations resembling those of idiopathic orbital inflammation that resolve with corticosteroid treatment.     

Detection and treatment of optic nerve sheath meningioma

Optic nerve sheath meningioma is an uncommon tumor of middle age. Patients most often present with progressive visual loss, mild proptosis, and, occasionally, ocular motility defect. With modern neuroimaging, these tumors are relatively easy to diagnose. However, the computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging scan obtained must be a high-resolution study focused on the optic nerve. Clinical observation may be appropriate for patients with relatively preserved vision. However, when vision deteriorates, fractionated steretotactic radiotherapy is indicated and can often restore or preserve visual function.     

Primary dural lymphoma masquerading as a meningioma

ABSTRACT:: A 39-year-old woman noted progressive blurred vision in the right eye for 1 year. The right eye had visual acuity of 20/25, an afferent pupillary defect, pale optic nerve, and cecocentral scotoma. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with en plaque meningioma of the planum sphenoidale, which encircled the right optic nerve at the optic canal. The tumor was internally debulked to preserve the optic nerve. Histopathologic and molecular analysis revealed a low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Further evaluation showed no evidence of systemic disease. Primary dural lymphomas are a distinct entity that may mimic meningioma and cause vision loss.     

额颞开颅硬膜外治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤7例临床分析

目的探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗方法，提高手术效果。方法回顾性分析我科2003年1月至2006年6月7例手术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤病例，其中男性2例，女性5例。年龄36～65岁，平均（43．6±2．4）岁。均有不同程度的视力障碍，7例均先行额颞开颅硬膜外视神经减压术治疗。结果按Simpson手术切除的分级标准：Ⅰ～Ⅱ级5例（71．4％），Ⅲ～Ⅳ级2例（28．6％），无1例死亡。本组6例（85．7％）视力或视野有不同程度的恢复，视力无改变者1例（14．3％），无视力恶化者。结论与传统手术入路相比，采用额颞入路硬膜外视神经减压术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤，可以最大限度的保护视神经及周围结构，有助于患者术后视力恢复及提高肿瘤全切除率，改善预后。     

New concepts in the diagnosis and management of optic nerve sheath meningioma.

Optic nerve sheath meningiomas are by far the most common tumors of the optic nerve sheath. The diagnosis can be suspected in most cases from clinical findings and supported by the results of neuroimaging, obviating tissue biopsy in the majority of cases. Observation may be appropriate in patients with mild or no visual deficit or in whom visual loss is not progressing, whereas stereotactic fractionated radiation therapy has been demonstrated to improve or stabilize vision in progressive or advanced cases. Attempts at surgical excision, and even biopsy, of optic nerve sheath meningiomas are associated with a high risk of blindness and should be reserved for the rare case of an anteriorly located, primarily exophytic tumor with focal involvement of the dural sheath.