依达拉奉在联合瓣膜置换术中对心肌的保护作用

目的:探讨依达拉奉(MCI-186,Edaravone)在联合瓣膜置换术中对心肌保护的效果。方法:30例风湿性心脏病行二尖瓣及主动脉瓣联合置换术的患者随机分为两组,MCI-186组(M组)15例,对照组(C组)15例。M组接受MCI-1860.5mg/kg一次性加入心停搏液中,C组不接受MCI-186。分别于术前、术毕、术后6h、24h测量血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI),血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)水平,记录心脏复跳、术后机械通气时间及正性肌力药物的应用情况。结果:①CK-MB术后6h,cTnI术后24h最高;组间比较M组CK-MB、cTnI术后24h,CK-MB术毕,cTnI术后6h均低于C组(P<0.05)。②MDA术后各时相均升高,术后6h、24hM组低于C组(P<0.05);SOD在术毕、术后6hM组明显高于C组(P<0.05)。③升主动脉开放后心脏自动复跳率M组高于C组。M组术后24h多巴胺平均最大剂量少于C组(P<0.05)。结论:MCI-186加入心停博液中可提高心肌细胞SOD活性,减少MDA产生,减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤。     

七氟醚对心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌酶的影响

目的观察七氟醚预处理对体外循环（CPB）下行瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法选择行心脏瓣膜置换术的风湿性心脏病患者30例,随机分为七氟醚预处理组（S组）和对照组（C组）,每组15例。七氟醚组于手术开始后持续吸入1．1％七氟醚,至CPB开始时结束;对照组不用任何吸入性麻醉药。分剐于麻醉前、主动脉开放后30min、1h、术后8h和24h抽取桡动脉血,检测血浆心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）浓度、脂质过氧化产物（MDA）含量,以及肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性。结果两组患者术前MDA、SOD、cTnI、CK与CK．MB均在正常范围,MDA、cTnI、CK与CK．MB在主动脉开放后各观察时点明显升高（P〈0．05）,SOD则明显下降（P〈0．05）;七氟醚组血清中MDA和cTnI在各观察时点均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）,而两组SOD、CK和CK-MB比较没有明显差别。结论七氟醚预处理可以减轻心肌再灌注损伤,具有一定心肌保护作用。     

诱导性室颤法在二尖瓣置换术中的心肌保护作用

目的探讨诱导性室颤状态下行体外循环二尖瓣置换术的心肌保护效果. 方法对照分析诱导室颤组（VF组,15例）和冷晶体停跳液组（CC组,15例）围手术期心肌肌钙蛋白（cTnI）、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、脂质过氧化物产物丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的血清浓度变化. 结果两组术后血清cTnI,CK-MB,MDA和SOD水平均不同程度升高,CC组的cTnI,CK-MB在术后各时点均高于VF组（P＜0.01）,MDA值在心脏恢复搏动后6、24 h,SOD值在2 h分别高于VF组（P＜0.05）.cTnI值在恢复心搏后12 h、CK-MB值和MDA值在6 h、SOD值在2 h分别达高峰.除SOD外,其余指标值在48 h仍高于术前. 结论诱导性室颤法可明显减轻心肌缺血、缺氧及再灌注损伤,有较好的心肌保护效果.     

阿魏酸钠和曲美他嗪联合预处理对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察阿魏酸钠和曲美他嗪联合预处理对体外循环（ECC）心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法30例行心脏瓣膜置换术患者,随机分为曲美他嗪（单纯治疗）组（n=15）;阿魏酸钠和曲美他嗪（联合治疗）组（n=15）。分别于手术前（T0）、术毕（T1）、术后6h（T2）、术后24h（13）检测肌酸激酶同工酶（CKMB）、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）。同时记录心脏复跳、术后正性肌力药物的应用情况。结果CKMB和cTnI两组均明显升高,但T1、T2、T3时联合治疗组低于单纯治疗组（P〈0．05）;MDA两组各时点均较术前明显升高,联合治疗组低于单纯治疗组（P〈0．05）;SOD在术后持续下降,但单纯治疗组在各时点下降更为显著（P〈0．05）;术后多巴胺用量,联合治疗组明显低于单纯治疗组（P〈0．05）。结论阿魏酸钠和曲美他嗪联合治疗可以明显减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤,具有较好的心肌保护作用,其保护作用优于单纯治疗组。     

依达拉奉对单一瓣膜置换患者心肌的保护作用

目的:探讨依达拉奉(edaravone,MCI-186)对行单一瓣膜置换手术患者心肌的保护作用.方法:32例风湿性心脏病患者随机分为两组,MCI-186组17例,对照组15例.依达拉奉组接受MCI-186 0.5 mg/kg在主动脉开放前10 min一次性加入体外循环机静脉储血罐中,对照组不接受MCI-186.分别于术前、主动脉开放后8,16,72 h测量血清肌酸激酶同功酶(creatine kinase Mbmass,CK-MB)、肌红蛋白(myoglobin,Myo)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I, cTnI),于术前、主动脉开放后4,8,16,24 h 测量血浆丙二醛(malonaldehyde, MDA)水平.记录复跳和术后48 h正性肌力药物应用情况.结果:①CK-MB,cTnI在主动脉开放后8 h,Myo在主动脉开放后16 h最高;组间比较CK-MB,Myo,cTnI在主动脉开放后8 h,16 h 依达拉奉组均低于对照组(P＜0.01).②MDA在主动脉开放后各时点均升高,依达拉奉组在开放后各时点均低于对照组(P＜0.01).③主动脉开放后心脏自动复跳率依达拉奉组高于对照组.术后48 h多巴胺平均最大剂量依达拉奉组少于对照组(P0＜.05).结论:在再灌注前,及时给予依达拉奉可减少MDA的产生,减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤.     

自体冷血停搏液对婴幼儿心肌保护作用

目的探讨自体冷血停搏液对婴幼儿先天性心脏病（先心病）体外循环中心肌保护作用。方法婴幼儿非紫绀型先心病30例。随机分为自体冷血（A组）、冷血（B组）和晶体（C组）停搏液组,每组10例。分别于术前、术毕、术后24h、48h经桡动脉抽血检测心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）及磷酸肌酸激酶同功酶（CKMB）,术中记录复跳时间及复跳率,术后监测心脏指数（CI）,正性肌力药物依赖情况。结果同组手术前后比较,cTnI术毕明显升高（P〈0．001）;CKMB术后24h达到高峰（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。A组与B组、C组比较：复跳时间、正性肌力药物依赖性、cTnI和CKMB均有显著性差异（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;CIA组优于B和C组。B组与C组比较：复跳时间、正性肌力药物依赖性和cTnI有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,CIB组优于C组。结论自体冷血停搏液对婴幼儿心内直视手术心肌保护优于冷血和晶体停搏液,对未成熟心肌具有良好的保护作用。     

曲美他嗪对不稳定型心绞痛患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的心肌保护作用

目的：探讨曲美他嗪对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者的心肌保护作用及其可能机制。方法：选择不稳定型心绞痛患者42例随机分为两组,常规治疗基础上术前加服曲关他嗪行PCI术21例为曲关他嗪组,不加服曲美他嗪行PCI术21例为对照组。两组均检测PCI术前、术后1h、6h、12h、24h的血清cTnI和MDA水平。结果：曲美他嗪组和对照组术后6h、12h和24h的cTnI水平均较术前升高（P均〈0．05）;对照组在术后12h和24h升高幅度较曲美他嗪组更大（P均〈0．05）。两组PCI术后各时间点MDA均较术前升高（P均〈0．05）;对照组在PCI术后12h和24h时MDA水平增加幅度较曲美他嗪组更大（P分别〈0．05和〈0．01）。结论：曲美他嗪能减少膜脂质的过氧化损伤,从而减轻PCI造成的心肌细胞损伤,为PCI患者提供心脏保护。     

乌司他丁心脏停搏液对心肌损伤的保护作用

目的观察含乌司他丁的心脏停搏液是否对体外循环下的心肌具有保护作用。方法随机选择40例房间隔缺损或室间隔缺损的先天性心脏病患者分为乌司他丁组（U组）和对照组（C组）各20例,U组的心脏停搏液为含乌司他丁5 000U/kg的St＇Thomas停搏液,C组为单纯的St.Thomas停搏液。分别于诱导前、主动脉开放后即刻及术毕、术后6 h、术后24 h和术后48 h检测肌酸激酶同工酶MB（CKMB）、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素6（IL-6）和血浆丙二醛（MDA）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）。记录患者主动脉开放后心脏复苏及血管活性药物的使用情况以及ICU的停留时间。结果两组患者体外循环时间及主动脉阻断时间无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。U组的并行循环时间和心脏自动复跳率与C组有显著差异（P〈0.05）,但两组患者在ICU的停留时间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。两组患者诱导前的各项指标均无显著差异（P〉0.05）;主动脉开放后CKMB、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6及MDA均较基础值显著增高,SOD则明显降低（P〈0.05）,且在手术结束时达峰值,但U组仍与C组有差异（P〈0.05）。U组多巴胺的平均使用剂量显著少于对照组（P〈0.05）,两组患者去甲肾上腺素的使用剂量则无差异（P〉0.05）,数据相关分析显示手术结束即刻TNF-α和IL-6均与CKMB呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）,IL-6与cTnI也呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）,SOD与CKMB和cTnI均呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）,而MDA只与CKMB呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。结论乌司他丁通过减轻全身炎症反应和氧自由基的损伤,减轻心肌细胞的损伤,降低了心功能不全的发生率。     

辛伐他汀预处理对择期PCI术围术期心肌损伤的影响

目的 了解冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗（PCI）围术期心肌损伤标记物的变化，探讨他汀类药物预处理是否能够减弱围术期心肌的急性损伤。方法 选择具有典型稳定型心绞痛症状或负荷试验阳性患者101例，采用随机、对照、单盲的方法将病人分为两组：对照组49例给予安慰剂治疗，他汀组52例给予辛伐他汀片20mg，每晚睡前服用。所有病人入选后按分组开始治疗，治疗7d后行PCI治疗，术前、术后8h、术后24h分别检测肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）和肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）。结果 两组PCI术前CK、CK-MB和cTnI比较差异无统计学意义，P〉0．05；两组术后8h与术前比较，CK、CK-MB和cTnI明显升高，P〈0．05，术后24h进一步升高，P〈0．01；术后8h及24h，常规组CK、CK-MB和cTnI均较他汀组升高明显，P〈0．05。结论 PCI围术期存在心肌的急性损伤，辛伐他汀预处理具有明显改善围术期心肌急性损伤的作用。     

L-精氨酸在体外循环中心肌保护的临床应用

目的 评价L-精氨酸加入心脏停搏液中对体外循环心脏直视手术期间心肌保护作用的效果。方法 30例择期心脏手术患者随机分为两组。实验组（L组）：芷心脏晶体停搏液中加入L-精氨酸4．0g／L，对照组（C组）：在心脏晶体停搏液中加入等量的生理盐水。在转流前、开放主动脉后30min、术后6h、24h、48h，采血检测血清中心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）的浓度，并记录临床观察指标。结果 开放后辅助循环时间、开放主动脉后心脏自动复跳率、术后24h心血管活性药物的应用两组间有明显差异（P〈0．05）。两组血清cTnI浓度在转流前无差异，开放主动脉后各时点cTnI浓度实验组均低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 在心脏停搏液中加入L-精氨酸，可有效地保护缺血心肌，减轻心肌再灌注损伤。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.