Citalopram increases the differentiation efifcacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal-like cells

Several studies have demonstrated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants can promote neuronal cell proliferation and enhance neuroplasticity both in vitro and in vivo. It is hypothesized that citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, can promote the neuronal differentiation of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Citalopram strongly enhanced neuronal characteristics of the cells derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The rate of cell death was decreased in citalopram-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells than in control cells in neurobasal medium. In addition, the cumulative population doubling level of the citalopram-treated cells was signiifcantly increased compared to that of control cells. Also BrdU incorporation was elevated in citalopram-treated cells. These ifndings suggest that citalopram can improve the neuronal-like cell differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by increasing cell proliferation and survival while maintaining their neuronal characteristics.     

天然脑活素对骨髓间充质干细胞向神经元定向分化的诱导作用

BACKGROUND： Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have been shown to differentiate into neuronal-like cells through the use of several factors, such as 2-mercaptoethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, or monothioglycero However, these factors are not suitable for human use due to toxicity. Theoretically speaking, traditional Chinese medicine could be used as potential and safe factors. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of natural cerebrolysin on neuronal-like differentiation of MSCs, based on protein and mRNA analyses. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A parallel controlled, in vitro experiment was performed at the Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, between June 2006 and April 2008. MATERIALS： Natural cerebrolysin was provided by Shenzhen Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China. It primarily consisted of Renshen （Radix Ginseng）, Tianma （Rhizoma Gastrodiae）, and Yinxingye （Ginkgo Leaf） at a proportion of 1：2：2. Natural cerebrolysin extract （1：20） was prepared using conventional water extraction methodology. Each gram of extract equaled 20 grams of the crude drug. Twelve adult, male, New Zealand rabbits were included, six of which underwent intragastric administration of natural cerebrolysin extract （0.976 g/kg per day） for 1 month for natural cerebrolysin-containing serum. The remaining six rabbits received intragastric administration of equal volumes of physiological saline for normal blank serum. METHODS： Sprague Dawley male rats, 6-8 weeks old, were used to harvest tibial and femoral bone marrow. Isolation and purification of MSCs were established from the whole bone marrow by removing the non-adherent cells in primary and passage cultures. For cellular identification, MSCs from four to five passages were co-cultured with LG-DMEM media containing 10% natural cerebrolysin. Simultaneously, MSCs cultured in/G-DMEM media containing 10% blank rabbit serum served as the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Morphology of MSCs and neurite outgrowth during differentiation was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. Neurite-positive cells were classified by neurite length that was longer than 1.5x the cell body diameter. Immunocytochemistry was used to identify purity of MSCs following passage, as well as expression of nidogen, neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and microtubule-associated protein 2 following treatment with natural cerebrolysin, mRNA expression of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS： After MSCs were treated with natural cerebrolysin for 3-5 hours, the cell bodies were larger, and small neurites - similar to neuronal neurites - were observed. The number of neurite-positive cells significantly increased compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. After MSCs were treated with natural cerebrolysin for 12 hours, most expressed nidogen, neuron-specific enolase, and microtubule-associated protein 2 at higher levels than the control group （P 〈 0.01）. No evident expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein was found （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Natural cerebrolysin promoted neurite outgrowth and induced neuronal-like differentiation of MSCs.     

血府逐瘀注射液诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞的最佳剂量筛选

背景：目前大量研究证明传统中药可以诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞。 目的：观察中药血府逐瘀注射液对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞的影响,并寻找血府逐瘀注射液诱导分化的最佳浓度。 设计,时间及地点：细胞对照观察实验。实验于2009-07/2010-04在 广东医学院附属医院神经病学研究室及中心实验室完成。 材料： 4周龄SPF级SD雄大鼠,体质量约100g;血府逐瘀注射液的主要中药成分为红花、赤芍、川芎、丹参、当归。 方法：SD大鼠麻醉后无菌条件下取出股骨和胫骨,离心后弃上清液,加入含体积分数为15%胎牛血清的L-DMEM培养基重新悬浮细胞并转入培养瓶培养传代,用免疫细胞化学方法检测第5代骨髓间充质干细胞CD44、CD45的表达;取含1.00,3.00,5.00,10.00 g/L 4种剂量血府逐瘀注射液的无血清L-DMEM培养基对体外培养的第5代骨髓间充质干细胞进行诱导。倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,免疫细胞化学方法检测已诱导细胞巢蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶和胶质纤维酸性蛋白的表达,比较4种剂量血府逐瘀注射液诱导神经元样细胞抗原表达率。 主要观察指标：骨髓MSCs生长情况和形态观察,骨髓MSCs表面标志物的表达情况及诱导分化后神经细胞特异性标志物的表达。 结果与结论：①原代细胞接种3 d后多数细胞贴壁,传代后细胞贴壁速度和增殖更快,第5代基本纯化为骨髓间充质干细胞,细胞呈放射状或漩涡状排列。②第5代骨髓间充质干细胞(96.18±1.65)% CD44表达阳性,CD45表达阴性。③诱导后细胞出现类似神经元细胞样形态;免疫细胞化学方法检测显示多数细胞巢蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶阳性表达,3.00 g/L浓度组细胞的巢蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶阳性表达率最高。提示血府逐瘀注射液可诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞,3.00 g/L为最适诱导浓度。     

骨髓间充质干细胞向多巴胺能神经元的诱导分化

背景：近年来研究发现,神经营养因子在骨髓间充质干细胞的分化中发挥重要作用。目前脑组织中具有再生能力的神经干细胞在体外是否具有直接诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为多巴胺能神经元的作用还未见报道。 目的：观察大鼠间充质干细胞在胶质细胞源性神经营养因子与神经干细胞共培养两种诱导条件下体外分化成多巴胺能神经元的能力。 方法：分离培养SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,取第3代细胞分2组培养,一组细胞应用胶质细胞源性神经营养因子单独诱导,另一组细胞与已培养成球的神经干细胞共培养进行诱导,共培养之前行Brdu标记。诱导3 d后以免疫组织化学法检测各组贴壁细胞神经元特异性标志物神经原纤维和多巴胺能神经元特异性标志物酪氨酸羟化酶的表达,观察间充质干细胞的分化情况。 结果与结论：胶质细胞源性神经营养因子单独诱导组间充质干细胞在诱导24 h后胞体回缩呈锥形,突起延长且数量增多,有神经元样形态,且细胞间相互连接成网络状,3 d后部分细胞表达神经原纤维,其中少部分同时表达酪氨酸羟化酶。与神经干细胞共培养组神经干细胞球很快解离,迅速贴壁,共培养的贴壁细胞大量增殖且多呈神经元样,胞体细长多突起,相互间连接成网,多数贴壁细胞分别单独表达神经原纤维和酪氨酸羟化酶,少数细胞可见Brdu/神经原纤维,Brdu/胶质纤维酸性蛋白,Brdu/酪氨酸羟化酶双标阳性。提示间充质干细胞在胶质细胞源性神经营养因子、神经干细胞存在的情况下可定向转化为神经元,并有向多巴胺能神经元分化的可能。在该实验条件下胶质细胞源性神经营养因子效果好于神经干细胞。     

Neuronal-like cell differentiation of non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells*

Non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells from C57BL/6J mice were separated and cultured using the "pour-off" method.Non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells developed colony-forming unit-fibroblasts,and could be expanded by supplementation with epidermal growth factor.Immunocytochemistry showed that the non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells exposed to basic fibroblast growth factor/epidermal growth factor/nerve growth factor expressed the neuron specific markers,neurofilament-200 and NeuN,in vitro.Non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells from β-galactosidase transgenic mice were also transplanted into focal ischemic brain (right corpus striatum) of C57BL/6J mice.At 8 weeks,cells positive for LacZ and β-galactosidase staining were observed in the ischemic tissues,and cells co-labeled with both β-galactosidase and NeuN were seen by double immunohistochemical staining.These findings suggest that the non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells could differentiate into neuronal-like cells in vitro and in vivo.     

高海拔地区骨髓源神经干细胞及BDNF联合移植对大鼠缺血再灌注模型的治疗

目的 探讨高海拔地区大鼠骨髓源神经干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived neural stem cells,BMSCs-NSCs)及脑源性神经生长因子(Brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)联合移植对大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型的疗效及其相关机理。方法 60只Wistar雄性大鼠,置西宁地区正常饲养,制备大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤模型; 模型制备完毕后立体定向下进行细胞移植治疗,将大鼠分为3组,即A组:大鼠骨髓源性神经球组(BMSCs-NSCs组,n=20); B组:大鼠骨髓源性神经球联合BDNF组(BMSCs-NSCs+BDNF组,n=20),注射大鼠骨髓源性神经球细胞的同时,联合注射100 ng BNDF; C组:对照组(仅注射DMEM/F12培养基,n=20); 术后对其神经功能进行评定,并于术后24 d取脑组织,行Nestin、GFAP、Map2免疫荧光检测。结果 细胞移植后第3 d,各组间神经功能评分无显著性差异; 细胞移植后第14 d BMSCs-NSCs+BDNF组神经功能评分显著优于BMSCs-NSCs组,BMSCs-NSCs组优于对照组; 免疫组化检测发现,BMSCs-NSCS+BDNF组Nestin、GFAP、Map2的IOD值均显著高于BMSCs-NSCs组; BMSCs-NSCs+BDNF组、BMSCs-NSCs组各检测指标水平均高于对照组; Nestin、GFAP、Map2的表达主要集聚于脑梗死灶与正常脑组织交界处。结论 在西宁地区联合移植大鼠骨髓源神经干细胞及BDNF可显著促进大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注损伤模型的神经功能恢复。     

成人骨髓基质干细胞体外诱导为许旺细胞的实验研究

目的　探索成人骨髓基质干细胞 (h MSCs)诱导分化为许旺细胞 (Schwann cell,SC)的可行性 ,奠定组织工程学治疗周围神经疾病的理论基础。方法　采取 Ficoll-paque梯度离心骨髓 ,分离 h MSCs,经过纯化、扩增培养 ,并证实其细胞来源 ;之后采用 BHA、RA及 Forskolin、b FGF、PDGF、HRG顺次诱导、培养 ,经免疫组化鉴定S-10 0、GFAP的表达状况。结果　经过预诱导剂及诱导剂的先后作用 ,h MSCs的细胞形态发生明显改变 ,胞体呈长梭形 ,两极有丝状突起形成 ,经免疫组化的证实 ,S-10 0、GFAP阳性表达率分别为 (75%± 6.2 % )和 (67%± 4.5% )。结论　 h MSCs经诱导后 ,细胞形态、体积大小均发生明显改变 ,S-10 0、GFAP染色呈阳性 ,符合许旺细胞形态和功能特征 ,证实 h MSCs可以作为种子细胞转化为许旺细胞 ,促进周围神经疾病的愈合     

骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨的诱导分化

骨髓间充质干细胞在体外不同环境及生物因子的作用下, 可以转化为软骨细胞,是目前软骨组织工程领域研究的重点。 目的：对近年来细胞因子、应力刺激、三维空间结构在骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化过程中的作用作一综述。 方法：应用计算机检索CNKI和Pubmed数据库中2001-01/2010-06关于骨髓间充质干细胞分化为软骨细胞的文章,在标题和摘要中以“骨髓间充质干细胞,软骨细胞,诱导分化”或“bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,chondrocyte,differentiation”为检索词进行检索。选择文章内容与骨髓间充质干细胞分化为软骨细胞有关者,同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章。初检得到109篇文献,根据纳入标准选择关于骨髓间充质干细胞分化为软骨细胞的26篇文章进行综述。 结果与结论：细胞因子、应力刺激、三维空间结构等因素影响骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化,优化这些因素的条件,可以更容易分化出软骨细胞表型。随着骨髓间充质干细胞分化为软骨细胞的深入研究,这些因素的应用必将更为广泛。     

Rapsyn重组质粒转染小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞

目的探讨采用脂质体介导的基因转移技术将重组pEGFP-N1/Rapsyn质粒转染至小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)的可能性,并观察Rapsyn蛋白在靶细胞中的表达。方法采用全骨髓贴壁培养法分离纯化C57BL/6小鼠的BMSCs,在体外进行扩增、传代。取第3代细胞,采用脂质体介导的基因转移技术将重组pEGFP-N1/Rapsyn质粒转染至BMSCs中,并置荧光显微镜下观察转染结果;采用Western blot法检测靶细胞中Rapsyn蛋白的表达。结果 BMSCs经转染后24h可在荧光显微镜下观察到绿色荧光,转染pEGFP-N1/Rapsyn质粒的BMSCs可稳定表达Rapsyn蛋白。结论利用脂质体介导法可将Rapsyn基因转染至BMSCs中,并能稳定表达Rapsyn蛋白。     

骨髓间充质干细胞定向分化为心脏瓣膜构成细胞及鉴定

背景：心脏瓣膜的组成成分中不是只有内皮细胞发挥作用,成纤维细胞、平滑肌细胞等均参与心脏瓣膜基质成分构建。 目的：建立可以在体外获得大量内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、成纤维细胞的简便方法,并对获得细胞进行形态观察及表面标志鉴定。 方法：全髓贴壁法获取大鼠原代骨髓间充质干细胞,体外培养、扩增,第3代细胞在特定条件下分别向内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、成纤维细胞方向诱导分化,每日于倒置显微镜下观察细胞生长情况,并对诱导分化的细胞行免疫细胞化学检测。 结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞在特定条件下诱导培养后,诱导后的细胞分别具有内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞的特点。提示骨髓间充质干细胞在体外可以定向分化为内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、成纤维细胞。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化的神经细胞在体外 对C6胶质瘤细胞的趋向性

目的研究大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)诱导分化后的神经细胞在体外对C6胶质瘤细胞的趋向性。方法首先采用梯度离心分离BMSCs,在条件培养基中添加合适诱导因子诱导BMSCs分化为神经细胞,分化后的细胞进行免疫荧光细胞化学分析后与C6胶质瘤细胞采用Transwell培养板共培养,最后对迁移的细胞做统计学分析。结果 BMSC成功诱导分化为神经细胞Nestin(24.3±5.2)%、NSE(33.6±3.8)%和NeuN(41.9±4.7)%,共培养实验显示实验组迁移细胞明显多于对照组迁移细胞(p<0.05)。结论大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化后的神经细胞在体外对C6胶质瘤细胞具有明显趋向性。     

Neural cell co-culture induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal-like cells★

BACKGROUND: It has been previously demonstrated that the neural cell microenvironment has the ability to induce differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into the neural cells. OBJECTIVE: To establish a co-culture system of human BMSCs and neural cells, and to observe effects of this co-culture system on differentiation of human BMSCs into neural cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A comparative observation experiment, performed at the Center Labora-tory of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University from October 2006 to December 2007. MATERIALS: Neural cells were obtained from human fetal brain tissue. BMSCs were harvested from fe-male patients that underwent autonomous stem cell transplantation. METHODS: BMSCs in the co-culture group consisted of BMSCs and third passage neural cells. BMSCs in the control group were solely cultured in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological changes of BMSCs were observed, and expression of the neuronal specific marker, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining after 4–5-day co-culture. RESULTS: The number of neural cells in the co-culture group increased and the cells spread on the culture bottle surface. Radial dendrite formed and connected with each other. NSE-immunoreactive cells were also detected. The positive ratio of NSE-positive cells reached (32.7±11.5)%, with morphological characteristics similar to neuronal cells. Human BMSCs did not express NSE in the control group. CONCLUSION: The microenvironment provided by neurons induced differentiation of BMSCs into neu-ronal-like cells. Key Words: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; stem cell transplantation; cell differentiation; neurons     

阳离子聚合物载体介导脑源性神经营养因子基因转染大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞

BACKGROUND： Gene therapy is an effective expression of genes within target cells after transferring exogenous target genes. Both vector selection and transfection method are important factors for gene transfection. An ideal gene vector is required for a high transfusion of target gene and an exact introduction of target gene into specific target cells so as to express gene products.
OBJECTIVE： To study the expression of mRNA and protein after transfecting rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） with brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） genes based on cationic polymer vector.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled in vitro study using gene engineering, performed at the Neurobiology Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical College between October 2007 and April 2008.
MATERIALS： PcDNA3.1 BDNF was obtained from Youbiai Biotechnological Company, Beijing and cationic polymer vector used was the SofastTM gene transfection reagent that was made by Taiyangma Biotechnological Co., Ltd., Xiamen.
METHODS： BMSCs extracted from six Sprague Dawley （SD） rats aged 1 month were isolated and cultured in vitro. Third passage BMSCs were inoculated on a 6-well culture plate at the density of 1×106 cells/L. At about 80% confluence, BMSCs were transfected with PcDNA3.1-BDNF （2 μg） combined with SofastTM gene transfection reagent （6 μg） （BDNF group） or with PcDNA3.1 （2 μg） combined with SofastTM gene transfection reagent （6 μg） （blank vector group）. Cells that were not transfected with any reagents but still cultured under primary culture conditions were used as a non-transfection group.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure time efficiency of BMSC-secreted BDNF protein. Twenty-four hours after gene transfection, RT-PCR was used to detect expression of BDNF mRNA in the BMSCs. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine expression of BDNF protein in the BMSCs.
RESULTS： BDNF protein expression was detected at day 1 after gene transfection, rapidly increased after 5–9 days and gradually increased after 11–15 days in the BDNF group; moreover, BDNF protein expression was higher than that in the non-transfection group and the blank vector group at different time points （P 〈 0.01）. Additionally, BDNF mRNA expression in the BDNF group was higher than that in the blank vector group and the non-transfection group （P 〈 0.01）.
CONCLUSION： A cationic polymer vector can effectively mediate the BDNF gene to transfect BMSCs; genetically modified BMSCs can express BDNF protein effectively for a long term.     

小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞体外扩增和分化为神经元样细胞的实验研究

目的体外分离和扩增小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs),并观察不同方法诱导BMSCs向神经元样细胞分化的差异,以寻找一种效果理想的BMSCs体外诱导方法。方法取昆明小鼠双股骨骨髓,采用全骨髓贴壁法体外纯化扩增BMSCs,流式细胞术检测其表面标志物,并对其进行成脂、成骨诱导鉴定。分别用化学诱导法和共培养法诱导BMSCs分化为神经元样细胞,比较两种方法所获得的神经元样细胞的细胞形态。结果采用全骨髓贴壁法能有效分离小鼠BMSCs,随着传代次数的增加能得到逐渐纯化的BMSCs,而过多的传代次数则出现细胞生长速度缓慢、核固缩、脱离等衰老征象。流式细胞术检测结果显示P4代BMSCs阳性表达CD29和Sca-1,而阴性表达CD11b。具有成脂、成骨诱导分化的能力。共培养法诱导第5天可见神经细胞样形态且细胞突起数量较多并有分支;化学诱导法培养第7天细胞出现较长突起,形成神经样结构。结论采用全骨髓贴壁法能有效分离纯化小鼠BMSCs,通过共培养法诱导BMSCs分化为神经元样细胞效果优于化学诱导法。     

骨髓间充质干细胞体外培养及其归巢机制

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞具有多向分化潜能的特性,体外可多次传代培养,在特定的情况下,多种因子参与调控其到达损伤的组织器官进行修复重建。目的：综述骨髓间充质干细胞归巢机制及其临床应用前景。方法：应用计算机检索1999-01/2008-12 SCI数据库相关文章,检索词为“bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell,homing,clinical,therapy”,并限定文章语言种类为English。共检索到文献66篇。结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞是存在于骨髓中除造血干细胞以外的另一类具有“无限”增殖和多向分化潜能的干细胞。在一定的诱导条件下,这类细胞可归巢到特定的组织并分化为相应组织细胞,发挥修复重建作用,此外,它还具有易提取、扩增能力强、不存在伦理问题和排斥反应等优点,由于这些优点,其将成为当今社会医学领域中很多难治之症的希望所在。     

电针诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化

背景：目前经报道的成骨诱导方法很多,为骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨诱导提出很多新的思路及方法。但是电针是否能诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化尚不清楚。 目的：尝试应用电针治疗仪诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化,评价其作为骨组织工程种子细胞的可行性。 方法：从患者髂后上棘抽取骨髓,分离培养鉴定为骨髓间充质干细胞后,取第3代细胞进行培养。当细胞铺满培养瓶底90%以上时进行胰酶消化,分别以3.0×103/cm2的浓度接种于6孔培养板中。实验随机分为3组：空白对照组：加入2 mL体积分数为10%胎牛血清的L-DMEM/F12培养液;化学诱导组：每孔内加2 mL含10%胎牛血清的L-DMEM培养液,当细胞贴壁生长达到60%~70%汇合时,加入骨诱导剂;电针刺激组：加入2 mL体积分数为10%胎牛血清的L-DMEM/F12培养液,电针刺激,采取连续波输出,基波脉冲频率为50 Hz,基波脉冲宽度0.5 ms,持续作用30 min,共电针刺激28 d。相差倒置显微镜观察细胞形态变化;茜素红染色结果;细胞诱导14,28 d后碱性磷酸酶活性;RT-PCR测定细胞中骨钙素mRNA的表达;Western Blot测定细胞中骨钙素蛋白表达。 结果与结论：①在28 d的诱导过程中,化学诱导组5~7 d细胞汇合成单层,细胞突起互相连接,并可重叠生长而不发生细胞间的接触抑制现象;电针刺激组9 d或10 d发现细胞体积大,呈三角形、多角形或鳞形;空白对照组细胞形态仍然是纺锤状。②化学诱导组和电针刺激组28 d在倒置相差显微镜下均观察到有矿化结节出现,进行茜素红均呈阳性反应,而空白对照组呈阴性反应。③骨髓间充质干细胞在体外进行诱导时化学诱导组和电针刺激组碱性磷酸酶水平在14,28 d高于空白对照组(P < 0.05);且化学诱导组碱性磷酸酶14 d时高于电针刺激组(P < 0.05),但28 d时差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。④空白对照组骨钙素mRNA及蛋白含量均低于化学诱导组和电针刺激组(P < 0.05)。提示电针可定向诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞体外诱导向神经元分化

目的　探讨大鼠中胚层来源的骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs),在诱导因子的诱导下体外向神经元方向分化的能力。方法　贴壁法分离的MSCs,用NIM诱导,相差显微镜观察细胞形态变化,神经元特异抗体NeuN,MAP2,NSE免疫组化染色鉴定转化情况。结果　在诱导后30～40min即开始形态变化,形成神经元样的细胞,免疫组化染色神经元样细胞表达NeuN(50.83%±3.43%),NSE(59.83%±9.24%)和MAP2(45.17%±8.42%)。结论　MSCs在体外诱导下可以分化为神经元样的细胞,表明它是有别于一般成体干细胞的多能干细胞。     

依达拉奉体外定向诱导人间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞的分化

背景：依达拉奉作为新型氧自由基清除剂,一般用于抑制脂质过氧化反应,减轻脑水肿,保护神经细胞。 目的：观察依达拉奉体外定向诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞分化的可行性。 设计、时间及地点：细胞学体外观察,于2007-12/2008-09广东医学院附属医院中心实验室完成。 材料：骨髓来源于创伤所致闭合性股骨骨折的成年患者,由广东医学院附属医院骨科提供。依达拉奉由南京先声药业生产,批号P2007123144254453。 方法：无菌抽取的骨髓经肝素化后,采用密度梯度离心法及贴壁筛选法分离获得人骨髓间充质干细胞,传至第5代按1× 108 L-1接种于6孔板内,设立2组,依达拉奉组细胞达50%融合时用含碱性成纤维生长因子、胎牛血清的L-DMEM预诱导24 h,PBS洗涤后再用20 mg/L依达拉奉无血清L-DMEM诱导24 h;空白对照组始终用含体积分数为10%胎牛血清的L-DMEM培养,不加任何预诱导剂和诱导剂。 主要观察指标：诱导分化后细胞形态变化,SP法免疫细胞化学鉴定神经元烯醇化酶、巢蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白及微管相关蛋白2的表达。 结果：体外诱导1 h后,依达拉奉组胞体收缩,2 h后形成较长突起,5 h后呈典型神经元样细胞;空白对照组细胞仍呈对称的梭形,无突起形成。免疫组化结果显示,诱导6 h后依达拉奉组神经元样细胞的胞体及部分突起呈棕黄色,强表达神经元烯醇化酶,弱表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白和巢蛋白,不表达微管相关蛋白2;空白对照组上述4种特异性抗原均呈阴性表达。 结论：人骨髓间充质干细胞经依达拉奉体外诱导后,所分化的细胞具有神经元表型,但还不够成熟,处于向成熟神经元分化的中间阶段。