Resectability and survival in retroperitoneal sarcomas

Background: Retroperitoneal sarcomas historically have presented difficulties in their management due to a high rate of unresectability, which affects the survival of these patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 87 consecutive patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas treated in the period 1977–1994. Results: The resectability rate was 100% for the primary tumors (n=55) and 87% for the locally recurrent tumors (n=32). The 5-year survival rate was 63% (66% for the primary tumors and 57% for those with local recurrence). The 10-year survival rate was 46% (57% for primary tumors and 26% for those referred with locally recurrent tumor). The overall local recurrence rate was 31% (25% for the primary tumors and 41% for those referred with local recurrence); it was 56% after local excision and 15% after wide resection (p=0.0003). The 10-year disease-free survival of patients with local excision (n=25) was 7%, and that of patients with wide resection (n=54) 59% (p=0.0001). Conclusions: The overall resectability rate of retroperitoneal sarcomas was 95%. Wide resection produced a significantly higher survival rate compared with that of local excision. The survival rate for the primary tumors, varying significantly with the histologic grade, approached the rate reported for primary soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremity.Presented at the 48th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, March 23–26, 1995.     

Management of retroperitoneal sarcomas

The records of 116 adult patients who underwent operative treatment for retroperitoneal sarcomas at the Mayo Clinic during the years 1963 to 1982 were reviewed. Clinical, pathologic, and treatment variables were analyzed for their influence on recurrence and death from disease. Leiomyosarcomas, liposarcomas, and malignant fibrous histiocytomas represented 93% of the tumors. The primary tumor was completely excised in 54% of patients. Recurrent tumor developed in 68% of patients (median time to recurrence, 1.3 years). Tumor fixation to adjacent structures (T3 tumor) or a high-grade tumor (G2-4) identified patients at increased risk for recurrent disease. Five-year and 10-year survival rates were 40% and 22%, respectively. Survival was significantly better for patients who had (1) complete surgical excision of their tumors, (2) low-grade tumors (G1), (3) tumors not fixed to adjacent retroperitoneal structures (T1 and T2 sarcomas), and (4) tumors without metastases when initially seen. Complete surgical excision offers patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas the best chance for long-term survival, but recurrent disease remains a vexing problem. The therapeutic challenges in the treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas continue to be the development of therapy that will increase the rate of complete resection, decrease the rate of local recurrence, and enhance patient survival.     

Operative management of primary retroperitoneal sarcomas: a reappraisal of an institutional experience

OBJECTIVE: To review our recent experience with primary retroperitoneal sarcomas, determine prognostic factors for disease recurrence and patient survival, and compare them to our previous results. BACKGROUND: Medical therapies have shown little efficacy in the management of retroperitoneal sarcomas, making total surgical extirpation the best chance for patient cure. METHODS: The case histories of all patients operated upon for retroperitoneal sarcomas between January 1983 and December 1995 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Ninety-seven patients underwent attempted surgical resection of a primary retroperitoneal sarcoma. There were 54 (56%) men and 43 (44%) women, with a mean age of 59 years. Seventy-six (78%) patients underwent gross total resection, 13 (14%) had residual disease, and 8 (8%) underwent biopsy only with an actuarial 1-year survival of 88%, 51%, and 47%, respectively (P = 0.001). The actuarial 5- and 10-year survivals for patients who underwent gross total resection were 51% and 36%, respectively. Thirty-three patients (43%) developed locoregional recurrence, and 20 patients (26%) developed distant metastases at a median time of 12 months. The cumulative probability at 5 years was 44% for locoregional recurrence and 29% for distant metastases. On univariate analysis, factors associated with improved survival were complete resection of the tumor (P = 0.001), nonmetastatic disease at presentation (P = 0.01), low-grade tumors (P = 0.02), liposarcomas (P = 0.003), and no disease recurrence (P = 0.0001). Contrary to previous reports, the histologic subtype (P = 0.04) was the only significant factor predicting survival on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with our earlier experience, the rates of complete resection and overall survival have improved. Local control continues to be a significant problem in the management of retroperitoneal sarcomas. Because new surgical options for this problem are limited, further outcome improvement requires novel adjuvant therapies.     

Primary retroperitoneal sarcomas

A retrospective analysis of 20 adult patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcomas demonstrated that most patients presented with pain and a palpable abdominal mass. Liposarcomas and leiomyosarcomas were the most common tumors. Seven of the 20 patients (35 percent) had complete tumor excision. Operative morbidity was 18 percent with no mortality. After complete resection, the 5 year survival rate was 43 percent. Thirteen patients underwent partial excision of tumor, with an operative morbidity rate of 29 percent and a mortality rate of 15 percent. No patient in our series lived more than 2 years after only partial excision. Anatomic restrictions to wide resection and local recurrence were the most important factors determining survival. Aggressive, complete surgical resection in treating primary retroperitoneal sarcomas is strongly recommended.     

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: resectability, recurrence pattern, and outcomes

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) is a rare primary hepatic tumor of bile duct origin for which resection is the most effective treatment. But resectability, outcomes after resection, and recurrence patterns have not been well described. Patients with IHC were identified from a prospective database. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, and outcomes were analyzed. From March 1992 to September 2000, 53 patients with hepatic tumors underwent exploration and were found to have pure IHC on pathologic analysis. Patients with mixed hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma tumors were excluded. At exploration, 20 patients were unresectable for an overall resectability rate of 62% (33 of 53). Median survival for patients submitted to resection was 37.4 months versus 11.6 months for patients undergoing biopsy only (p = 0.006; median followup for surviving patients, 15.6 months). Actuarial 3-year survival was 55% versus 21%, respectively. Factors predictive of poor survival after resection included vascular invasion (p = 0.0007), histologically positive margin (p = 0.009), or multiple tumors (p = 0.003). After resection, 20 of 33 patients (61%) recurred at a median of 12.4 months. Sites of recurrence included the liver (14), retroperitoneal or hilar nodes (4), lung (4), and bone (2). The median disease-free survival was 19.4 months, with a 3-year disease-free survival rate of 22%. Factors predictive of recurrence were multiple tumors (p = 0.0002), tumor size (p = 0.001), and vascular invasion (p = 0.01). About two-thirds of patients who appeared resectable on preoperative imaging were amenable to curative resection at the time of operation. Although complete resection improved survival, recurrence was common. The majority of recurrences were local or regional, which may help guide future adjuvant therapy strategies.     

Management of high-grade retroperitoneal liposarcomas: personal experience

Sarcomas are uncommon malignant tumors arising from mesenchymal tissue, accounting for approximately 10% of soft-tissue sarcomas and less than 1% of all malignant neoplasms. The most frequent subtypes of retroperitoneal sarcomas are liposarcoma. Total surgical extirpation appears the only chance for patient cure since medical therapies have shown little efficacy. We have analyzed our series of 32 retroperitoneal liposarcoma that undergone surgical resection and with at least 5 years of follow-up. We have included 21 patients who underwent a complete resection (R0) and 6 patients who underwent an incomplete resection (R1). However, the operation's goal was a complete tumor resection with tumor-free resection margins. The 5-year survival was 85.7% when we performed a R0 resection, while it was 33.3% when we performed a R1 resection with a significant statistical difference (p = 0.02). Surgery is the gold standard for treatment of liposarcoma. Despite advances in diagnostic modalities, surgical techniques and the adoption of more aggressive procedure, such disease still has a propensity for local recurrence, even after an apparent complete resection. Therefore, locoregional recurrence remains the main cause of death in patients with a retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Moreover when the tumor recurs locally, the treatment of choice is to remove the recurrence. Our experience shows that a complete resection of primary lesions and further resection of recurrences early detected with CT examination could improve the overall survival of patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Moreover in our series, the patients who undergo R1 resection had a worse prognosis.     

Retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcomas: prognosis and treatment of primary and recurrent disease

Soft-tissue sarcomas of the retroperitoneum constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying histology, potential for complete resection, and propensity for recurrent disease-making the development of effective treatment difficult and challenging. A retrospective review of 23 patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas from 1985 through 1998 was performed to assess the biological behavior and clinical outcomes and to identify factors that may influence prognosis and optimize treatment strategy. Liposarcomas were the most common pathology (61%); 79 per cent of these were of low grade. Leiomyosarcomas were the next most common pathology (30%); 43 per cent of these were of low grade. Low-grade sarcomas overall accounted for 62 per cent of the total group. Low-grade tumors independent of histologic type exhibited good prognosis for long-term survival with a median survival of 44 months. In contrast, intermediate- or high-grade tumors were associated with a median survival of only 9 months (P < 0.02). On the other hand, tumor histologic type independent of grade did not have a significant survival difference. Complete tumor resection was possible in 21 of 23 patients, which gives an overall resectability rate of 91 per cent. Eight patients (36%) remain disease-free after initial surgical treatment. However, local recurrence was common; this occurred in 11 of 22 patients (50%). Local recurrence, however, did not preclude long-term survival. Surgical resection of recurrent disease was done in nine patients with a median survival of 91 months (range 24-150 months). Three patients had as many as three operations for recurrent disease. With subsequent recurrences there was a decrease in interval from approximately 4 years to 2 years, and 33 per cent of these patients developed tumor dedifferentiation to high grade. An aggressive surgical approach with reoperation can produce prolonged survival in patients with low-grade retroperitoneal sarcoma.     

Management of primary and recurrent soft-tissue sarcoma of the retroperitoneum.

From 1982 to 1987, 114 patients underwent operation at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center for soft-tissue sarcoma of the retroperitoneum. A retrospective analysis of these patients defines the biologic behavior, surgical management of primary and recurrent disease, predictive factors for outcome, and impact of multimodality therapy. Complete resection was possible in 65% of primary retroperitoneal sarcomas and strongly predicts outcome (p less than 0.001). The rate of complete resection was not altered by histologic type, size, or grade of tumor. These patients had a median survival of 60 months compared to 24 months for those undergoing partial resection and 12 months for those with unresectable tumors. Forty-nine per cent of completely resected patients have had local recurrence. This is the site of first recurrence in 75% of patients. These patients undergo reoperation when feasible. Complete resection of recurrent disease was performed in 39 of 88 (44%) operations, with a 41-month median survival time after reoperation. Tumor grade was a significant predictor of outcome (p less than 0.001). High-grade tumors (n = 65) were associated with a 20-month median survival time compared to 80 months for low-grade tumors (n = 49). Gender, histologic type, size, previous biopsy, and partial resection versus unresectable tumors did not predict outcome by univariate analysis. Adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy could not be shown to have significant impact on survival. Concerted attempt at complete resection of both primary and recurrent retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcoma is indicated.     

Improved survival following complete excision of retroperitoneal sarcomas.

Charts and slides of 47 patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcomas (excluding pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma) were reviewed to determine clinical presentation, histologic features, extent of surgical resection, operative morbidity and mortality, use of radiation and/or chemotherapy, and survival data. Most patients presented with pain and a palpable mass. Leiomyosarcomas and liposarcomas were the most common tumors. Eighteen of the 47 patients (38%) had complete tumor excision; 68% required resection of adjacent organs. Operative morbidity was 33% with no mortality. After complete resection, the disease-free 5-year survival was 50% and the overall survival was 70% at 5 years; 10-year disease-free survival was 25% with an overall 58% survival at 10 years. Eleven patients (61%) developed recurrent disease with a median interval of 5 years following complete excision. Six patients received adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy with four remaining disease-free from 46 to 61 months. Eighteen patients underwent partial excision of tumor and 11 patients underwent biopsy only; these groups had similar survival curves with only 4% alive at 5 years. Their operative morbidity was 18% and mortality was 7%; median time to clinical evidence of tumor progression was 12 months. Sixty per cent of these patients received therapeutic radiation and/or chemotherapy, but their survival was the same as those undergoing surgery alone. These data emphasize the importance of an aggressive surgical approach in the treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas. Complete tumor resection and total excision of recurrences will allow many patients long-term survival.     

63例原发性腹膜后肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的 总结原发性腹膜后肿瘤诊断和外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析1990年1月至2007年3月63例经手术治疗且病理证实的原发性腹膜后肿瘤的临床表现、手术治疗、病理类型和随访结果.结果 63例中良性25例,恶性38例.主要临床表现为腹部包块,CT对良恶性判断的约登指数为85%,良性肿瘤完整切除率为88%,恶性肿瘤为68%,联合脏器切除占肿瘤完整切除总数的40%.肿瘤切除程度和病理类型与术后复发密切相关.良、恶性肿瘤完整切除的5年生存率分别为83.6%和27.3%.恶性肿瘤完整切除的患者平均随访36个月(5～168个月),53%局部复发,平均复发时间25个月(3～108个月),恶性肿瘤局部复发再手术完整切除率62.5%.全组有1例术后第1天腹腔内出血死亡.结论 应当重视临床表现争取早期诊断;影像学检查是判断手术范围的重要依据;肿瘤完整切除,必要时联合脏器切除是治疗本病的最佳手段;术后规律复查有助于及早发现复发肿瘤并争取再手术治疗.     

Primary retroperitoneal tumors]

Two hundred and one patients with primary retroperitoneal tumors underwent surgery from 1957 to 1988. The tumors were found malignant in 113 patients (56%) and benign in 88 (44%). Abdominal mass and/or pain was the most common symptom (88%), with palpable abdominal mass in 91% of the patients. Complete resection was performed in 81% of the patients with benign tumors and 51% with malignant ones. Fourteen patients (24%) with malignant tumors were subjected to the excision of adjacent organs for the complete resection. The 5- and 10-years survival rates of the patients with benign tumors were 96% and 95% respectively. In patients with malignant tumors, the 5- and 10-year survival rates were 56% and 30% respectively for those undergoing complete resection, compared to 8% and 8% respectively for those undergoing partial resection or biopsy (P < 0.001). Partial resection with adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be beneficial to some of the patients with malignant tumors. Reoperation should always be attempted in patients suffering from recurrence.     

Patterns of recurrence in anal canal carcinoma

HYPOTHESIS: The initial modality of treatment of anal canal carcinoma (ACC) influences the pattern of recurrence of disease. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis comparing patterns of recurrence in patients with ACC undergoing either surgery or chemoradiotherapy as their initial therapeutic intervention. Anal margin cancers and adenocarcinomas were excluded. SETTING: A university-affiliated urban medical center. PATIENTS: Eighty-one patients were given a diagnosis of ACC between February 1, 1952, and December 31, 1998. Fifty-one (63%) of the patients initially underwent surgery: abdominoperineal resection in 38 patients (75%) and local excision in 13 patients (25%). Chemoradiotherapy was the initial therapeutic intervention in 30 patients (37%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The patterns of recurrence (local vs distant disease) and survival were compared between the group that underwent palliative surgery (hereafter referred to as the surgical group) and the group that received chemoradiotherapy (hereafter referred to as the chemoradiotherapy group). RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 40 months. Local recurrence occurred in 7 patients (14%) in the surgical group vs 7 patients (23%) in the chemoradiotherapy group (P =.46). Using Kaplan-Meier actuarial analysis, local recurrence rates for the surgical and chemoradiotherapy groups at 1 year were 0% and 6%, respectively (P =.32), and at 5 years were 17% and 36%, respectively (P =.02). The average (+/-SD) time to local recurrence in the surgical group was 23 +/- 0.7 months and for the chemoradiotherapy group 16 +/- 2.9 months (P =.27). Five (71%) of the 7 patients with local recurrences in the chemoradiotherapy group underwent salvage abdominoperineal resection with 100% disease-free survival at a mean follow-up of 35 months. When patients presenting with metastatic disease were excluded, distant recurrences developed in 7 patients (16%) in the surgical group and 2 (7%) in the chemoradiotherapy group (P =.31). Actuarial 5-year distant recurrence rates for the surgical and chemoradiotherapy groups were 26% and 19%, respectively (P =.65). Five-year survival was 42% in the surgical group and 74% in the chemoradiotherapy group (P =.01). CONCLUSION: There was a higher rate of local recurrence in patients with ACC treated with chemoradiotherapy vs surgical resection as the initial therapeutic intervention. However, when this occurred, abdominoperineal resection was effective salvage therapy and was associated with a 100% disease-free survival at 3 years. Therefore, chemoradiotherapy is justified as the initial treatment for ACC and has an overall 5-year survival that is significantly higher than that attained with initial surgical treatment.     

Repeated resection for intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal liposarcomas: long-term experience in a single cancer center in Japan

Intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal liposarcomas are huge, and local recurrence is a common event. There is still no consensus concerning debulking or repeated resection. Twelve patients who had surgery for intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal liposarcomas at the Cancer Institute Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) during 1981-2002 were enrolled. Eight patients underwent complete resection, for a resectability rate of 67%. Combined resection of adjacent organs was necessary to obtain clear margins in 10 of the 12 patients (83%). A patient who underwent R2 resection survived 13.2 years in a dormant state without tumor regrowth. Resection of second (five patients), third (three patients), or seventh (one patient) for local recurrence or regrowth tumors was successfully performed. A patient survived 21.5 years after four R0 resections and three R2 resections. Our experience suggests that both near-total and repeated resection might improve survival benefit.     

直肠癌局部复发的再次手术56例分析

目的探讨直肠癌术后局部复发再次手术的临床疗效及影响疗效的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2011年1月期间我科收治的直肠癌术后局部复发再次手术患者56例的临床病理及部分随访资料,采用X检验分析术后不同复发时间和首次不同手术方式的再次手术完整切除率,利用log．rank方法对2种再次手术方式（Dixon和Miles手术）进行生存分析。结果①直肠癌术后局部复发再次手术术中出血量、手术时间均明显多于首次手术,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②直肠癌根治术后5年以后局部复发者的完整切除率明显高于直肠癌根治术后2年以内局部复发者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。③直肠癌首次术式为Dixon术者的局部复发病灶的完整切除率明显高于首次术式为Miles术者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。④直肠癌术后局部复发患者再次手术为Dixon术者的中位生存时间、2年存活率及5年存活率均明显长于或高于再次手术为Miles术者,差异均有统计学意义（尸〈0．05）。结论直肠癌首次手术方式不同及术后复发时间不同,可影响术后局部复发病灶再次完整切除的几率,再次手术可作为直肠癌局部复发一种有效可行的治疗方式。     

低位直肠癌局部切除术后复发因素分析

目的探讨低位直肠癌局部切除术后复发的相关因素。方法回顾分析1975年4月至2005年4月间收治的97例早期低位直肠癌行局部切除治疗患者的临床资料。结果全组Tis、T1和T2期病变者分别为28例、48例和21例;有17例（17．5％）患者出现复发,其中局部复发13例．局部复发伴远处转移2例．局部复发率15．5％;Tis、T1和T2期病变者局部复发率分别为7．1％、12．5％和33．3％：另有2例远处转移。局部切除术后复发时问为4～173（中位时间27）个月。肿瘤大体类型和T分期为局部切除术后局部复发的相关因素（P〈0．05）。T2期病变者局部切除术后行和未行辅助治疗的局部复发率分别为21．4％和57．1％（P=0．127）。带蒂肿瘤、无蒂肿瘤和溃疡型肿瘤的局部复发率分别为10．5％、13．7％和3／5。15例局部复发者经治疗后的5年生存率为59．6％。结论低位直肠癌局部切除术后T分期和肿瘤的大体类型是局部复发的主要因素,T2期病变局部切除后需行辅助治疗或行根治性切除术。     

Analysis of the prognostic significance of microscopic margins in 2,084 localized primary adult soft tissue sarcomas

OBJECTIVE: To define the significance of positive microscopic resection margins in a large cohort treated for soft tissue sarcoma. METHODS: The authors analyzed 2,084 patients with localized primary soft tissue sarcoma (all anatomic sites) treated from 1982 to 2000. Clinicopathologic variables studied included tumor site, size, depth, histologic type, grade, and resection margin status. Treatment other than resection was not analyzed. Study endpoints included local and distant recurrence-free and disease-specific survival rates, estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 50 months. After primary resection, 1,624 (78%) patients had negative and 460 (22%) had positive resection margins. Having positive margins nearly doubled the risk of local recurrence and increased the risk of distant recurrence and disease-related death. Seventy-two percent of patients with positive margins had no recurrence. Resection margin did not predict local control for retroperitoneal sarcomas or fibrosarcomas. Resection margin remained significantly associated with distant recurrence-free survival and disease-specific survival across all subsets after adjusting for other prognostic variables. The overall 5-year disease-specific survival rates for negative and positive margins were 83% and 75%. CONCLUSIONS: Positive microscopic resection margins significantly decrease the local recurrence-free survival rate for other-than-primary fibrosarcoma and retroperitoneal sarcomas, and independently predict distant recurrence-free survival rates and disease-specific survival rates for all patient subsets. Adjuvant therapy should be considered in the management of soft tissue sarcoma to increase local control. Because 72% of positive margins did not equate with inevitable local recurrence, considerable clinical judgment is required in considering additional treatment. Microscopic resection margins should be considered for inclusion in staging systems and treatment algorithms that address local recurrence.     

Gastrointestinal sarcomas. Analysis of prognostic factors.

Clinical and pathologic data from 51 patients with primary sarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract treated from 1951 through 1984 were reviewed to determine clinical presentation, histologic features, treatment, and prognostic factors. The most common signs and symptoms were abdominal pain (62%), gastrointestinal bleeding (40%), and/or abdominal mass (38%). The primary site was stomach in 50%, small bowel in 30%, colorectum in 15%, and esophagus in 5%. Virtually all the sarcomas were leiomyosarcomas. Distribution was uniform among the three histologic grades; although 88% of Grade 1 tumors could be completely excised, only 35% of Grade 3 tumors could be completely resected. The 5-year survival rate was 75% for Grade 1 tumors, 16% for Grade 2 tumors, and 28% for Grade 3 tumors (p = 0.0013, Grade 1 vs. 2 and 3). Thirty of the 51 patients (59%) had curative resection with an operative morbidity rate of 24% and an operative mortality rate of 12%; at 5 years the disease-free survival rate was 58% and the overall survival rate was 63% (48% at 10 years). Eleven patients (42%) had recurrent disease develop at a median interval of 2 years after complete tumor excision. Twenty-one patients (41%) had partial excision or biopsy only of their tumors with an operative morbidity rate of 28%, operative mortality rate of 8%, and median survival of only 9 months. Overall, patients whose tumors were confined to the site of origin had a 58% 5-year survival rate compared with 20% for those whose tumors had invaded adjacent organs (p less than 0.05). If the tumor was less than 10 cm in size, the 5-year survival rate was 78%, significantly better than the 38% for tumors greater than 10 cm (p = 0.03). These data suggest that histologic grade, local invasiveness, size, and extent of resection are the most important prognostic factors for patients with primary gastrointestinal sarcomas. Patients who have resection of all gross tumor, especially if it is well differentiated and localized, have a good prognosis.     

原发性腹膜后神经源性肿瘤93例分析

目的　探讨原发性腹膜后神经源性肿瘤的临床病理特征及外科治疗原则 ,以提高手术切除率及安全性。方法　回顾性分析 13年间经手术和病理证实的原发性腹膜后神经源性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果　神经源性肿瘤占同期腹膜后肿瘤的 2 0 .6% (93 /4 5 2 ) ,其中神经鞘瘤 2 4例(2 5 .8% )、恶性神经鞘瘤 19例 (2 0 .4% )、副节瘤 14例 (15 .1% )、神经纤维瘤 16例 (17.2 % )、其他少见肿瘤 2 0例 (2 1.5 % )。术前CT和MRI检查的诊断率分别为 65 .6%和 73 .9%。手术切除率为97.9% (91/93 ) ,2例行探查活检。良、恶性肿瘤术后的 3 ,5年生存率分别为 95 .9% ,80 .1%和42 .4% ,10 .5 %。良性肿瘤术后复发 8例 ,复发率为 13 .1% ;恶性肿瘤复发 14例 ,复发率为 43 .8%。结论　CT和MRI对本病诊断有辅助意义 ;治疗首选手术切除。良性肿瘤预后良好 ,恶性肿瘤术后易复发     

Primary Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Results of Aggressive Surgical Treatment

A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the results of surgical treatment in a series of patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcomas consecutively treated by the same surgical team. The hospital records of 42 patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcomas who underwent surgical exploration at our unit from 1984 to 1995 were reviewed. A univariate analysis was used to identify the main clinical, pathologic, and treatment-related factors affecting long-term survival. Twenty-five patients (59.6%) underwent radical surgery. The 5-year survival and 5-year disease-free survival after radical resection were 48.1% and 38.8%, respectively. According to the univariate analysis of survival tumor classification (T), stage and gross surgical margins significantly affected prognosis. The study indicates that even though there are predetermined and unmodifiable tumor-related factors, such as tumor classification (T) and stage, that influence survival in patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas, wide surgical excision offers a concrete chance for long-term survival.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in metastatic pulmonary tumor from colorectal carcinoma: utility as a prognostic factor

OBJECTIVE: To define the most reliable prognostic factor, we studied the 5-year survival of patients after resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer in relation to various prognostic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor expression in primary and metastatic tumors. METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken in 49 patients who had undergone complete resection of pulmonary metastasis from colorectal carcinoma. All patients were retrospectively analyzed for sex, age, location and stage of primary tumor, number of pulmonary metastases, type of pulmonary resection, size of metastatic tumor, lymph node metastasis, and prethoracotomy carcinoembryonic antigen level. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor expression of both primary and metastatic tumors was investigated. RESULTS: Overall 5-year survival was 34.3%. In the univariate analysis the number of pulmonary metastases (P =.007) and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in metastatic tumors (P =.008) and primary colorectal tumors (P =.011) were significantly associated with poor survival. In the multivariate analysis the number of pulmonary metastases (P =.0031), vascular endothelial growth factor expression in metastatic tumors (P =.0057), and stage of primary tumor (P =.0321) were characteristics that retained a significant independent prognostic effect on overall survival. A statistically significant difference was not found in the 5-year survival of patients with solitary and negative vascular endothelial growth factor expression in metastatic tumors (59.1%) versus those with multiple and positive vascular endothelial growth factor expression in metastatic tumors (10.0%; P 相似文献