硬质耳内镜在完壁式乳突根治-鼓室成形术中的应用

目的探讨在完壁式乳突根治-鼓室成形术中使用硬质耳内镜的意义。方法对采用硬质耳内窥镜技术结合显微镜行完壁式乳突根治-鼓室成形术的42例(42耳)患者的临床资料进行分析。结果术后随访1年,42例(42耳)后天继发性胆脂瘤中耳炎患者中仅4例胆脂瘤复发,胆脂瘤复发率为9.52%,一年后纯音测听示34耳语言频率听力提高10dB以上。结论硬质耳内镜技术的应用可以弥补传统完壁式乳突根治-鼓室成形术的视野缺陷,若与显微镜配合手术,可使胆脂瘤复发率降低,疗效确切。     

胆脂瘤型和骨疡型中耳炎乳突根治并Ⅰ期鼓室成形术

目的 探讨胆脂瘤型和骨疡型中耳炎乳突根治并Ⅰ期鼓室成形术的术式选择、手术适应证及疗效.方法 回顾性分析78例（78耳）慢性化脓性中耳炎（胆脂瘤型58耳,骨疡型20耳）患者的手术方法及随访1～2年的效果,根据病变范围与程度不同,选择不同术式的乳突根治并Ⅰ期鼓室成形术,保留外耳道后壁乳突切开（完壁式）鼓室成形术28例,切除外耳道后壁乳突切开（开放式）鼓室成形术40例,上鼓室鼓窦开放、上鼓室外侧壁重建鼓室成形术6例,开放式乳突根治外耳道后壁重建鼓室成形术4例.结果 术后2个月干耳率为94.87%（74/78）,语频听力提高≥15dB占73.07%（57/78）,完壁式乳突根治加鼓室成形术后胆脂瘤复发率为14.28%（4/28）,开放式乳突根治加鼓室成形术后鼓膜穿孔率为15.00%（6/40）.结论 根据颞骨CT、听力学检查及临床特征,选择适当手术径路及方式,既可根除病灶,又可行听功能重建,提高干耳率与听力,故乳突根治Ⅰ期行鼓室成形术是有效可行的,但要指出,行完壁式根治伴鼓室成形术要严格掌握适应证,病变要轻并局限在上鼓室,同时要彻底清理胆脂瘤上皮,避免复发.     

20例先天性中耳胆脂瘤的临床和影像学特征分析

目的：探讨先天性中耳胆脂瘤的位置、分期、临床特征、影像学特征及手术治疗。方法：回顾分析20例先天性中耳胆脂瘤患者的资料。结果：20例先天性中耳胆脂瘤患者Potsic分期I期2例,Ⅱ期0例,Ⅲ期13例,Ⅳ期5例。传导性聋为最常见的临床症状,术前平均纯音听阈为54．1dB,气骨导差为41．7dB。其中1例患者行完壁式乳突根治二期行听骨链重建;2例因病变范围广泛行乳突根治术未行听力重建;5例行完壁式乳突根治一期鼓室成形术,其中1例为先天性听骨链畸形（镫骨上结构未发育）;12例均行一期鼓室成形术。术中探查胆脂瘤主要位于中后鼓室和后上鼓室,主要是砧镫关节处。所有患者术后随访至少1年,对16例患者进行听力学检查,术后平均听阈为35．3dB,气骨导差20．2dB。2例患者复发,3例伴有先天性听骨链畸形。结论：先天性中耳胆脂瘤临床少见,病变隐匿常被延误诊断,其预后与病变临床分期密切相关。     

中耳胆脂瘤和慢性化脓性中耳炎手术临床分析

目的　探讨中耳胆脂瘤和慢性化脓性中耳炎术式选择及临床效果。方法　对110例中耳乳突病变,包括中耳胆脂瘤和慢性化脓性中耳炎,根据范围显微镜下实施完壁式或开放式乳突根治,部分同时鼓室成形术,随访术后干耳状况、并发症、复发情况以及术后听力改善程度等。结果　110例患者中66例中耳胆脂瘤、44例慢性化脓性中耳炎,出现颅内外并发症者7例。手术方式：51例（46.36%）行完壁式乳突根治术,46例（41.81%）同时行鼓室成形术,59例（53.64%）行开放式乳突根治术。完壁式乳突根治术后听 力提高＞25 dB 37例（33.64%）,＞15 dB 14例（12.72%）;开放式乳突根治术后听力提高＞15 dB 5例（4.55%）,听力减退4例（3.64%）,比较手术前后言语频率区平均听阈,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后随访1年发现开放式和完壁式两组胆脂瘤复发共4例。结论　中耳胆脂瘤与慢性化脓性中耳炎通过选择恰当手术方式可获得较好的临床疗效。     

小儿胆脂瘤型中耳炎的鼓室成形术

目的探讨小儿胆脂瘤型中耳炎鼓室成形术最佳手术治疗策略。完壁式鼓室成形术和伴乳突根治的鼓室成形术作为治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎的不同乳突处理方法,探讨其各自适应证及术后效果。方法对1997年4月—2003年10月间入院手术的4～14岁的胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者42例(45耳)的完整资料进行回顾性分析。随访时间为1～7年,平均(3.6±2.0)年。结果首次手术以完壁式鼓室成形术作为治疗方法的有20例(20耳),再发6耳,再发率30%,听力改善率77%(13/17);有22例(25耳)进行了伴乳突根治的鼓室成形术,再发1耳,再发率4%,听力改善率72%(18/25)。结论完壁式鼓室成形术具有保存生理性外耳道结构的优点,更有利于小儿胆脂瘤型中耳炎的治疗,但应常规行分期手术,克服易复发的缺点;对于分期手术时咽鼓管机能仍然较差者,建议改行伴乳突根治的鼓室成形术术式。     

保留乳突的改良完壁式鼓室成形术的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨局限于上鼓室区病变的慢性化脓性中耳炎、中耳胆脂瘤行上鼓室径路保留乳突的改良完壁式鼓室成形术的长期临床疗效.方法 诊断慢性化脓性中耳炎、中耳胆脂瘤47例(47耳)患者,结合患者专科检查,依据手术方式不同分A、B两组,A组行上鼓室径路保留乳突的改良完壁式鼓室成形术,B组行完壁式乳突切开+鼓室成形术.术后随访5～7...     

完壁式乳突切开鼓室成形术

目的介绍完壁式乳突切开鼓室成形术治疗活动期慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床效果。方法回顾分析我院采用完壁式乳突切开鼓室成形术治疗的57例(耳)活动期慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床资料。结果48耳术后鼓膜一期愈合,5耳移植筋膜边缘残留裂隙,2-3周后延期愈合,4耳术后感染鼓膜穿孔未愈合;随访10个月至34个月,无复发病例,57耳的0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0k Hz气导听阈平均值由术前的49.7±9.4d BHL恢复到30.3±8.0 d BHL,气骨导差平均缩小15 d BHL,其中48耳听力有改善。结论采用完壁式乳突切开鼓室成形术治疗活动期慢性化脓性中耳炎,亦可有效清除中耳乳突病灶,重建中耳传导结构,且能保留耳部正常形态,提升患者听力及生活质量。     

小儿胆脂瘤型中耳炎的鼓室成形术

目的:探讨小儿胆脂瘤型中耳炎鼓室成形术最佳手术治疗策略。完壁式鼓室成形术和伴乳突根治的鼓室成形术作为治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎的不同乳突处理方法,探讨其各自适应证及术后效果。方法:对1997年4月～2003年10月间入院手术的4～14岁的胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者42例(45耳)的完整资料进行     

乳突根治+开放式鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤中耳炎的体会

目的 探讨乳突根治+开放式鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤中耳炎的疗效.方法 对37例(37耳)胆脂瘤中耳炎患者行乳突根治+开放式鼓室成形术的临床资料进行分析.结果 随访1～3年,37例(37耳)移植筋膜成活,2例(2耳)鼓膜再穿孔,2例(耳)鼓膜疤痕内陷.术后6个月纯音气导平均听阈(0.5～4 kHz)为39.84±6.24dB...     

开放式鼓室成形术中听骨链重建效果及其影响因素

目的 探讨胆脂瘤中耳炎患者行开放式鼓室成形伴听骨链重建的效果和影响因素.方法 分析142例胆脂瘤患者,行开放式鼓室成形术伴一期听骨链重建,随访24月,记录术后并发症、纯音平均听阈、平均气骨导差和听力重建成功率.结果随访期间未发现鼓膜内陷袋形成及胆脂瘤复发,术后干耳率达96.5%,听骨赝复物脱出4例(2.8%),气导平均听阈降低11.6dB,气骨导差较术前缩小7.4dB,70例患者气骨导差<20dB,听力重建总成功率达49.3%.听力重建成功的关键主要取决于术腔感染控制、咽鼓管功能、病变范围、听骨赝复物材料和手术技术.结论 虽然影响因素较多,开放式鼓室成形伴一期听骨链重建仍是胆脂瘤中耳炎患者安全有效的术式,术后并发症少,复发率低,听力重建效果令人满意.     

乳突腔同种异体牙充填在开放式鼓室成形术中的应用

目的 :探讨乳突腔同种异体牙充填并上鼓室外侧壁重建的开放式鼓室成形术的手术疗效。方法 :对5 2例 (5 2耳 )胆脂瘤型及骨疡型中耳炎患者 ,根治病灶后 ,以同种异体牙乳突腔充填并上鼓室外侧壁重建 ,同期行开放式鼓室成形术。结果 :术后 4 8耳外耳道形态接近正常生理状态 ;4 6耳鼓膜移植物生长良好 ;干耳率 92 .3% ,干耳时间平均 (17.6± 4 .2 )d。术后气导听力提高在 15dBHL以上者为 4 1耳 ,气骨导差小于 2 0dBHL者为 31耳。结论 :乳突腔同种异体牙充填并上鼓室外侧壁重建的开放式鼓室成形术 ,可较好地恢复外耳道和中耳的解剖结构和生理功能 ,听力提高远期效果显著     

乳突根治加鼓室成形术临床疗效观察

目的 :在传统乳突根治术的基础上 ,探讨保留部分外耳道后壁鼓室成形术的方法 ,以期提高化脓性中耳乳突炎病人的干耳率 ,提高听力的可能性。方法 :对 2 6例 (2 9耳 )化脓性中耳乳突炎患者进行乳突根治术 ,保留部分外耳道后上壁 ,一期重建中耳传音结构。结果 :2 6例 (2 9耳 )术后 8个月～ 2 4个月随访 ,术后干耳并听力提高达实用听力水平 (2 5d B以上 ) 2 6耳 ,治愈率达 89.7% ,复发 3耳 ,复发率为10 .3%。结论 :对于耳咽管功能良好的化脓性中耳乳突炎病人在彻底清除乳突中耳病变的同时 ,行保留部分外耳道后壁及鼓环的鼓室成形术 ,更接近中耳生理结构 ,即清除炎性病变 ,又提高听力 ,值得推广。     

Congenital aural cholesteatoma: Results of surgery in 60 cases

From 1978 to 1993, 59 patients (60 ears) with congenital middle ear cholesteatoma were treated at the House Ear Clinic. The median patient age at presentation was 5 years, and the period of postoperative follow-up was 4.8 years. An intact canal wall was maintained in 58 of 60 cases and a closed middle ear space in all cases. In 12 operations, lateral graft tympanoplasty eradicated the cholesteatoma in one stage; 32 patients required a second-stage surgery to rule out recurrence, and the remaining 16 cases required three or more operations to eradicate disease and reconstruct the hearing mechanism. Thirty-five (63%) of 56 patients had a postoperative air-conduction threshold pure-tone average (PTA) within 10 dB of the best bone-conduction PTA; 91% were within 20 dB. Average speech reception threshold improved from 32 dB hearing level (HL) preoperatively to 20 dB HL postoperatively.     

筋膜外植法鼓室成形术的手术体会

目的 探讨筋膜外植法在鼓室成形术中的应用及价值.方法 回顾分析筋膜外植法鼓室成形术63耳,随访观察患者的外耳道宽敞度、鼓膜形态及听力恢复情况.结果 本组病例包括中耳胆脂瘤25耳,慢性化脓性中耳炎38耳.手术方式分别为筋膜外植法鼓室成形术、筋膜外植法鼓窜成形术+完肇式乳突根治术和筋膜外植法鼓室成形术+开放式乳突根治术三种类型,中耳胆脂瘤和慢性化脓性中耳炎患者实施三种手术的数最分别为4、17、4耳和19、18、1耳.术后切口全部Ⅰ期愈合.随访0.5～3.5年,外耳道宽敞,鼓膜形态良好,听力提高或维持术前水平,未有听力下降者.按时随访者未发现有明显并发症.结论 筋膜外植法鼓室成形术具有操作流程规范、术野暴露充分、病变清除彻底等优点,在慢性中耳炎的外科治疗中具有积极意义.     

中耳胆脂瘤并发迷路瘘管的术后听力回顾性研究

目的探讨手术治疗对中耳胆脂瘤并发迷路瘘管患者听力的影响。方法回顾性分析35例（35耳）中耳胆脂瘤并发迷路瘘管患者的临床资料;其中21例（21耳）患者随访术后听力情况。结果21例（21耳）术后随访纯音测听3个月～5年,12例平均骨导阈值（0．5、1、2,N4kHz）与术前差别小于5dBHL,较术前听力提高者3例,较术前下降者5例,1例于术后3个月成功植入人工耳蜗。21例患者中11例行开放式乳突切开＋鼓室成形术,其手术前后骨气导各频率间（0．5、1、2、4～118kHz）听力阈值未见明显差异（配对样本t检验,P值均大于0．05）。结论中耳胆脂瘤并发迷路瘘管的术后骨导听力阈值无明显变化,有条件者仍可行鼓室成形术保存听力。     

骨性外耳道后壁重建鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎的疗效观察

目的：探讨处理乳突根治术后遗留的外耳道后壁缺损及开放的乳突腔的方法。方法：应用骨性外耳道后壁重建鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎58例（58耳）,清除病变的同时以颞骨皮质骨行骨性外耳道后壁重建并Ⅰ期行鼓室成形术。结果：随访1～3年,仅有1例胆脂瘤复发（复发率1．72％）。外耳道接近正常形态,保留含气乳突腔。纯音听阈提高30dBHL以上者（极效）5耳,提高20～29dBHL者（显效）11耳,提高10～19dBHL者（有效）30耳,总有效率为79．31％（46／58）,〈10dBHL者（基本无效）8耳,无听力提高者（无效）4耳。术后平均气导听阈明显减少。结论：乳突根治术后以颞骨皮质骨行骨性外耳道后壁重建并Ⅰ期行鼓室成形术,有助于修复乳突根治术后遗留的外耳道后壁缺损及开放的乳突腔,改善听力,降低胆脂瘤复发率,是一种较为实用的手术方法。     

Long-term results of surgery for childhood cholesteatoma.

The study includes 54 cholesteatomatous ears in 50 children aged 16 years or less. The mean follow-up period after surgery was 7.1 years. In 26% of the ears the cholesteatoma was 'huge' involving the middle ear and the attic and filling the entire mastoid air cell system. A patient had lateral sinus thrombophlebitis. Patients with large cholesteatomas underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy with simultaneous tympanoplasty and, in most cases, cavity obliteration. Limited cholesteatomas were removed using either intact canal wall mastoidectomy or tympanotomy approach. Recurrence rate (including both residual and recurrent cholesteatomas) for the total series was 15% and 12% for the 50 cases undergoing one-stage surgery. Serviceable hearing (< or = 30 dB) was achieved in 57% of the ears. A reoperation was necessary in 26% and a third operation in 2%. At last follow-up examination, 94% of the ears had intact tympanic membranes but 4 patients (8%) suffered from cavity-related problems. Possible reasons for the disappointing results of surgical treatment for childhood cholesteatoma are discussed.     

Hearing results of canal wall reconstruction tympanoplasty for middle ear cholesteatoma in children.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate post-operative hearing results in children with middle ear cholesteatoma, and to analyze the correlation between hearing results and clinical factors and findings before and during the operation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-four ears of 123 children were operated on for middle ear cholesteatoma at the age of 10 years or younger by canal wall reconstruction tympanoplasty and were followed up more than 1 year after the final operation. We evaluated the average air and bone conduction hearing levels at the speech ranges before the first operation (pre-operative hearing) and after the final operation (post-operative hearing). RESULTS: The mean of the average air conduction hearing level of 124 ears was significantly improved from 34.7 to 27.1 dB after the final operation. Among them, 84 ears (67.8%) showed a hearing level of 30 dB or less post-operatively. Post-operative hearing was better in the one-stage group than in the staged group. However, more than one-half of the ears which underwent type IV tympanoplasty in the staged group showed post-operative air conduction hearing level of < or =30 dB. Significant improvement in post-operative hearing was noted in ears with normal middle ear mucosa or middle ear effusion at the final operation. No correlation between hearing improvement and clinical factors such as age, type of cholesteatoma or presence of otitis media with effusion at the first operation was found. CONCLUSIONS: Children with middle ear cholesteatoma at the age of 10 years or younger exhibited good hearing post-operatively. Satisfactory hearing improvement is expected even in ears without the superstructure of the stapes if staged tympanoplasty is conducted. Canal wall reconstruction tympanoplasty for pediatric cholesteatoma was successful in terms of hearing results and the success was unrelated to various clinical factors.