选择性绿激光汽化术联合全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌

目的：探讨经尿道选择性绿激光汽化术（PVP）联合全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌伴膀胱颈梗阻患者的临床疗效.方法：回顾性分析15例应用PVP联合全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌伴膀胱颈梗阻患者的临床资料,观察患者手术时间、留置导尿管时间、术前后前列腺体积、国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOL）、最大尿流率（Qmax）、剩余尿（PVR）及前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）的变化.结果：所有手术均成功,无输血及前列腺电切综合征现象.手术时间40～120 min,术后留置导尿管时间3～5天.术前前列腺体积、IPSS以及QOL分别为（95.13±16.36）ml、（19.87±4.10）分、（3.67±1.23）分.术后1个月分别为（48.47±11.55）ml、（12.27±3.24）分、（2.004±1.25）分（P均〈0.01） 术前Qmax、PVR分别为（8.05±2.51）ml/s、（136.47±32.16）ml,术后1个月分别为（18.40±4.63）ml/s、（33.87±13.44）ml（均P〈0.01） 术前PSA为（78.00±29.11）μg/L,术后1个月、3个月分别为（1.32±0.70）/μg/L、（0.48±0.07）μg/L（均P〈0.01）.结论：PVP联合全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌伴膀胱颈梗阻是安全有效的,可以明显缓解患者的症状,抑制肿瘤进展,提高患者的生活质量.     

KTP激光汽化治疗伴下尿路梗阻的晚期前列腺癌

目的 总结经尿道KTP激光前列腺汽化术(PVP)治疗伴有下尿路梗阻晚期前列腺癌的临床疗效.方法 伴有下尿路梗阻的晚期前列腺癌患者33例.年龄(76±6)岁.其中T3 18例,T4 15例.前列腺体积36～140 ml.患者术前IPSS为28.2±3.6,QOL为5.0±0.7,Q_(max) 4.7～10.1 ml/s,残余尿量(RU)为(126.0±25.2)ml.33例均行KTP激光经尿道汽化前列腺治疗.19例初发前列腺癌患者同时行PVP和睾丸切除,14例为睾丸切除和抗雄激素等治疗后仍有明显的排尿梗阻症状,有尿潴留史15例.分别对术前及PVP术后1、6个月患者IPSS、QOL Qmax、血PSA、RU等指标进行统计分析.采用SPSS 13.0软件处理数据,均数间比较采用配对t检验.结果 33例手术经过顺利.28例术后3～4 d拔除导尿管,排尿情况改善明显;5例初次拔管后仍有排尿困难而再次留置导尿,延时拔管后均能自行排尿.术后并发症包括血尿14例、短暂尿失禁3例.术后1个月时IPSS、QOL、Q_(max)、血PSA、RU分别为14.6±2.8、3.1±0.4、(13.2±5.6)ml/s、(16.3±13.4)ng/ml、(24.6±5.9)ml;术后6个月时分别为14.2±3.3、3.4±0.5、(12.2±3.4)ml/s、(8.0±6.5)ng/ml、(31.1±8.7)ml.术后1、6个月的IPSS评分、QOL、Qmax、血PSA与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),术后1、6个月间IPSS评分、QOL、Q_(max)比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PVP可以有效解除前列腺癌患者的下尿路梗阻症状,明显改善患者生活质量.安全、有效.     

经尿道前列腺等离子电切术联合内分泌疗法治疗晚期前列腺癌合并膀胱出口梗阻的临床疗效观察

目的观察经尿道前列腺等离子电切术(pPKRP)联合内分泌疗法治疗晚期前列腺癌合并膀胱出口梗阻的临床效果,并评价其临床应用价值。方法选择2013年2月至2017年12月期间在本院接受治疗的80例晚期前列腺癌合并膀胱出口梗阻患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同将其分为两组,对照组(n=37)单纯给予最大限度雄激素阻断治疗,包括药物去势(皮下注射醋酸亮丙瑞林微球3.75 mg,每月1次)+口服比卡鲁胺50 mg/d,试验组(n=43)在对照组基础上加用PKRP术,比较两组患者治疗前和治疗后的最大尿流量(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVR)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺体积、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)。结果试验组治疗后的Qmax、PSA、前列腺体积、IPSS、QOL大于对照组,PVR小于对照组(P<0.05);随访10~22个月,试验组15例患者病情出现进展,5例死亡,对照组有12例患者病情出现进展,4例死亡,两组患者的病情进展率、病死率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组出现电切综合征2例、术后出血4例、术后尿道狭窄1例,经对症治疗后均明显改善。结论PKRP术联合内分泌疗法治疗晚期前列腺癌合并膀胱出口梗阻的短期疗效显著,能够明显改善患者的前列腺功能和临床症状,提高患者生存期的生活质量,具有较高的临床实用价值。     

绿激光各术式治疗前列腺增生的差异研究

目的比较绿激光各种术式治疗前列腺增生的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性对比分析本院自2016年5月至2018年5月2年内绿激光各种术式,包括绿激光前列腺汽化术(GL-PVP)、绿激光前列腺汽化切割术(GL-PVRP)、绿激光前列腺剜除术(GEL-EP)治疗前列腺的手术时间、出血量、膀胱冲洗时间、术后导尿管留置时间等近期临床指标。对于术后3个月随访的尿流动力学数据、术后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)评分改变值、术后生活质量评分(QOL)评分改变值、国际勃起功能指数问卷调查表评分(IIEF评分)差值、术后并发症等远期临床指标进行组间分析。结果GL-PVP组、GL-PVRP组、GEL-EP组患者的术前一般数据[年龄、术前前列腺体积、术前前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、术前IPSS评分、术前QOL评分、术前最大尿流率(Qmax)、术前膀胱残余尿(PUR)、IIEF之间]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相比术前,患者在术后最大尿流率(Qmax)、术后膀胱残余尿(PUR)、术后IPSS评分、术后QOL评分改善较术前差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。组间比较中,PVP、PVRP、EP三种术式治疗BPH的平均手术时间、术中平均出血量、持续膀胱冲洗时间、留置导尿管时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而在术后IPSS改变值、术后QOL改变值、尿流率改变值、膀胱残余尿改变值、国际勃起功能指数问卷调查表评分差值、术后并发症发生率等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论绿激光可以有效地、安全地治疗前列腺增生,相比PVRP及GL-EP术,PVP术手术时间更短,术中出血量更少,术后膀胱冲洗时间更短,留置尿管时间更短。     

1470nm半导体激光经尿道前列腺汽化术治疗BPH的疗效观察

目的:探讨1 470nm半导体激光经尿道前列腺汽化术治疗BPH的疗效和安全性。方法:应用1470nm半导体激光对46例BPH患者进行激光汽化切除术。患者年龄62~86岁,平均前列腺体积为(56.2±12.1)ml。同时观察记录手术时间、术中出血量、手术并发症及手术前后IPSS、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)及剩余尿量(PVR)等指标,评估其差异有无统计学意义。结果:本组手术全部成功,手术时间平均(75.6±14.8)min,术中无明显出血,无输血病例。术后导尿管留置时间2~4d,平均留置尿管时间(2.5±0.4)d;IPSS术后1个月为(8.8±2.2)分,3个月为(7.6±1.2)分,明显低于术前[(18.5±3.6)分,P0.01],Qmax及PVR明显好于术前(P0.01)。所有患者均未出现尿失禁及明显的膀胱刺激症状。结论:1 470nm半导体激光汽化术治疗BPH效果肯定,值得临床推广。     

经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术治疗大体积良性前列腺增生

目的:评价经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术(HoLEP)治疗大体积良性前列腺增生(BPH)的价值。方法:BPH患者60例,前列腺重量均>100g,分为HoLEP组(n=32)和耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术组(n=28),比较两组手术时间、术中出血量和术后膀胱冲洗时间、导尿管留置时间、住院时间;术后3个月随访,比较两组患者IPSS、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、剩余尿量(PVR)等指标的变化。结果:HoLEP组与耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术组比较手术时间有所延长(P<0.01),但术中出血量减少(P<0.01),膀胱冲洗时间、导尿管留置时间、术后住院时间明显缩短(P<0.01)。术后3个月,两组IPSS、QOL、Qmax、PVR较自身术前显著改善(P<0.01),组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:HoLEP治疗大体积BPH具有与开放性前列腺切除术相似的疗效,同时手术安全性高、患者痛苦小、术后恢复快,是一种更适合于大体积BPH治疗的手术方式。     

经尿道绿激光分叶汽化剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生

目的探讨经尿道绿激光分叶汽化剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的安全性及临床疗效。方法采用经尿道绿激光分叶汽化剜除术治疗BPH患者87例,观察平均手术时间、绿激光能量消耗、术后膀胱冲洗时间、术后留置导尿管时间、手术并发症,记录并计算手术前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、残余尿量及尿流率改变等指标的差异。结果本组患者手术均获成功,手术时间平均(58.5±15.5)分钟。无电切综合征、大出血等严重并发症发生。术中均未输血,术后留置导尿管时间(2.8±0.6)天。IPSS、QOL、Qmax等指标均较术后改善明显,随访期内疗效满意。结论经尿道绿激光分叶汽化剜除术用于BPH的治疗,手术时间短,术中出血少,术后恢复快,为一种有效的微创治疗方法。     

不同手术治疗前列腺增生症的术后尿动力学对比

目的对比不同手术治疗前列腺增生症的术后尿动力学。方法随机选取2016年2月至2018年2月本院收治的前列腺增生症患者60例,依据手术方式将这些患者分为经尿道双极等离子前列腺电切术组(TURP组,n=30)和经尿道前列腺剜除术组(TPKEP组,n=30)两组,统计分析两组患者的术中术后指标、IPSS评分、QOL评分、Qmax、PVR、术后并发症发生情况。结果 TPKEP组患者的手术时间、膀胱冲洗时间、尿管留置时间、住院时间均显著短于TURP组(P0.05),术中出血量显著少于TURP组(P0.05),术后并发症发生率30.0%(9/30)显著低于TURP组43.3%(13/30)(P0.05)。和手术前相比,两组患者手术后的IPSS评分、QOL评分、PVR均显著较低(P0.05),Qmax均显著较高(P0.05);手术后和TURP组相比,TPKEP组患者的IPSS评分、QOL评分、PVR均显著较低(P0.05),Qmax显著较高(P0.05),但手术前两组患者的IPSS评分、QOL评分、Qmax、PVR之间的差异均不显著(P0.05)。结论 TPKEP较TURP治疗前列腺增生症更能有效改善患者的术后尿动力学。     

经尿道双极等离子前列腺电切术联合内分泌治疗晚期前列腺癌并膀胱出口梗阻

目的：探讨经尿道双极等离子前列腺电切术（TuPKVP）联合内分泌治疗在晚期前列腺癌并膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）治疗中的应用。方法：对38例诊断为晚期前列腺癌合并BOO的患者行TUPKVP术及内分泌治疗。结果：本组38例患者手术均获得成功,术后并发症少,术后3个月IPSS评分、QOL评分、剩余尿量、最大尿流率及PSA较术前均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：TUPKVP联合内分泌治疗可有效缓解晚期前列腺癌所致的膀胱出口梗阻,提高患者生存质量。     

大功率2μm激光“五分法”治疗BPH 120例报告

目的:探讨大功率2μm激光汽化切除术治疗BPH的临床疗效及安全性,为2μm激光微创治疗BPH奠定基础。方法:采用大功率2μm激光"五分法"(激光组)与经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP组)治疗BPH患者各120例,对两组的手术时间、出血量、术后膀胱冲洗液量及冲洗时间、术后留置导尿管时间及国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)等指标进行对比分析。结果:激光组手术经过顺利,术后无继发出血,无尿失禁发生;TURP组118例手术经过顺利,2例出血较多,其中1例中转开放手术,1例姑息切除留置导尿管压迫止血结束手术。术后出现急迫性尿失禁2例,经提肛锻炼及理疗好转。两组术后排尿症状(IPSS和Qmax)及生活质量(QOL)改善方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术中术后出血量、术后留置导尿管时间及膀胱冲洗时间与TURP比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:2μm激光前列腺汽化切除术治疗BPH是安全有效的新型腔内微创手术方法,临床疗效及手术时间同于TURP,手术出血量、留置导尿管时间及膀胱冲洗时间较TURP有明显优势,且避免TUR综合征及闭孔反射的发生,有可能成为治疗BPH的新标准。     

经直肠前列腺穿刺活检并发症分析

目的 :探讨前列腺穿刺活检并发症的情况。　方法 :回顾性分析 1997年 5月～ 2 0 0 1年 5月的前列腺穿刺活检病例 2 2 0例 ,分析活检并发症的构成及处理经验。　结果 :2 2 0例中 ,93例出现轻微并发症 ,15例出现严重并发症。　结论 :使用细针经直肠前列腺穿刺活检简便准确 ,取材满意 ,术前灌肠和使用抗生素 ,可减少严重并发症     

Circulating Prostate Specific Antigen-positive Cells Correlate with Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Summary— Analytical flow cytometry was used to study circulating prostate specific antigen (PSA)-positive cells in 40 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer; 25 patients (63%) had metastatic disease confirmed by a positive bone scan. Cell suspensions were prepared for each patient from both the primary tumour and peripheral blood samples. The cells were stained with a monoclonal antibody against PSA, and analysed by flow cytometry; PSA-positive cells were sorted according to their immunofluorescence and light scatter properties. The cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of each specimen was also analysed to establish ploidy status. PSA-positive cells were detected in the peripheral blood of 33 patients (83%). The presence of these cells in the circulation showed a higher degree of sensitivity and specificity in predicting positive bone scans than did serum PSA levels. Circulating PSA-positive cells may represent either a subpopulation of tumour cells with distinct metastatic properties or, alternatively, host immunocytes which take up PSA in an active or passive manner.     

选择性绿激光前列腺汽化术治疗前列腺增生症

目的探讨经尿道选择性绿激光前列腺汽化术(photoselective vaporization of the prostate,PVP)治疗良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)的安全性与临床疗效。方法采用骶管阻滞麻醉,对650例BPH行PVP。利用光纤头部的红色瞄准光点定位操作,汽化时先从膀胱颈部6点开始至5~7点,然后汽化两侧叶,深度达前列腺包膜。结果5例(0.8%)因前列腺体积大、出血多改行开放手术。645例PVP手术时间(45.6±17.3)min;术中出血量(56.3±15.2)ml,无输血病例;5.04例术后留置尿管(1.8±0.5)d。术后随访3~36个月,国际前列腺症状评分及生活质量评分由术前(29.8±5.2)分及(5.2±0.8)分下降至术后3个月(8.4±2.3)分(t=37.635,P=0.000)及(1.4±0.5)分(t=39.084,P=0.000),残余尿量由术前(168.0±22.5)ml下降至术后3个月(24.6±5.8)ml(t=42.281,P=0.000),最大尿流率由术前(5.6±2.8)ml/s增加至术后3个月(24.7...     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术联合经皮膀胱穿刺造瘘气压弹道碎石治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱结石

目的探讨经尿道前列腺汽化电切术（transurethral resection of prostate,TURP）联合经皮膀胱穿刺造瘘气压弹道碎石治疗良性前列腺增生（benign prostate hyperplasia,BPH）合并膀胱结石的效果。方法 2008年1月～2011年1月,采用TURP联合经皮膀胱穿刺造瘘肾镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗BPH（50～80 g）合并膀胱结石（2.5～5.0 cm）33例。结果 33例均一次手术成功,无输血、电切综合征及严重感染等并发症发生。术后1周复查KUB,膀胱内均未见残石。住院时间7～12d,平均9 d。术后1个月最大尿流率18～26 ml/s,平均20 ml/s。结论 TURP联合经皮膀胱穿刺造瘘气压弹道碎石治疗BPH合并膀胱结石,创伤小,手术时间短,恢复快,是治疗BPH合并膀胱结石的安全高效的方法。     

Management of Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer: Report of the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference 2019

BackgroundInnovations in treatments, imaging, and molecular characterisation in advanced prostate cancer have improved outcomes, but there are still many aspects of management that lack high-level evidence to inform clinical practice. The Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) 2019 addressed some of these topics to supplement guidelines that are based on level 1 evidence.ObjectiveTo present the results from the APCCC 2019.Design, setting, and participantsSimilar to prior conferences, experts identified 10 important areas of controversy regarding the management of advanced prostate cancer: locally advanced disease, biochemical recurrence after local therapy, treating the primary tumour in the metastatic setting, metastatic hormone-sensitive/naïve prostate cancer, nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, bone health and bone metastases, molecular characterisation of tissue and blood, inter- and intrapatient heterogeneity, and adverse effects of hormonal therapy and their management. A panel of 72 international prostate cancer experts developed the programme and the consensus questions.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisThe panel voted publicly but anonymously on 123 predefined questions, which were developed by both voting and nonvoting panel members prior to the conference following a modified Delphi process.Results and limitationsPanellists voted based on their opinions rather than a standard literature review or formal meta-analysis. The answer options for the consensus questions had varying degrees of support by the panel, as reflected in this article and the detailed voting results reported in the Supplementary material.ConclusionsThese voting results from a panel of prostate cancer experts can help clinicians and patients navigate controversial areas of advanced prostate management for which high-level evidence is sparse. However, diagnostic and treatment decisions should always be individualised based on patient-specific factors, such as disease extent and location, prior lines of therapy, comorbidities, and treatment preferences, together with current and emerging clinical evidence and logistic and economic constraints. Clinical trial enrolment for men with advanced prostate cancer should be strongly encouraged. Importantly, APCCC 2019 once again identified important questions that merit assessment in specifically designed trials.Patient summaryThe Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference provides a forum to discuss and debate current diagnostic and treatment options for patients with advanced prostate cancer. The conference, which has been held three times since 2015, aims to share the knowledge of world experts in prostate cancer management with health care providers worldwide. At the end of the conference, an expert panel discusses and votes on predefined consensus questions that target the most clinically relevant areas of advanced prostate cancer treatment. The results of the voting provide a practical guide to help clinicians discuss therapeutic options with patients as part of shared and multidisciplinary decision making.     

Androgen Interaction with the Polyamine System of the Rat Prostate

The ventral and dorsal lobes of the rat prostate contain larger quantities of the aliphatic amines putrescine, spermidine and spermine and higher activities of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) than other accessory sex glands. In contrast, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles contain only small quantities of the amines but the highest activities of the arginase (ARG; EC 3.5.3.1). Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that the Km-values for ARG in the coagulating gland and ODC in the ventral prostate lobe were 20 mM and 0.2 mM, respectively. Castration decreased ODC and ARG activities to 3 and 50% of control levels, respectively, after 3 days, whilst the Km-values were unaffected. Daily administration of 3 mg dihydrotestosterone (DHT) prevented these castrational changes. Oestrogen treatment alone had no effect on the activities of the enzymes, but appeared to exert a synergistic effect with androgen on the ODC. Administration of androgen to intact rats for 7 days caused a dose-related alteration in the ratios of the various amines, particularly the spermine: putrescine ratio. A minor but significant decrease was also recorded in the activity of the ODC, which was mirrored by an increase in the levels of putrescine in the tissue. The data suggest that androgen control of the polyamine pathway is biphasic, first stimulatory and later inhibitory with lesions occurring at the ODC, possibly via short loop feedback of its product putrescine, but also at subsequent enzymic steps in spermidine and spermine biosynthesis.