男性球海绵体悬吊术治疗前列腺术后尿失禁的探讨

目的：探讨男性球海绵体悬吊术治疗前列腺切除术（包括根治性切除术）后尿失禁的疗效。方法：采用经尿道球海绵体悬吊术治疗前列腺切除术后严重尿失禁患者7例。结果：术后随访14-26个月（平均20.4个月）,6例患者完全自控排尿,1例改善非常明显。结论：男性球海绵体悬吊术是治疗根治性前列腺切除或其他原因引起尿道括约肌损伤所致尿失禁的理想方法。     

In situ anterior vaginal wall sling formation with preservation of the endopelvic fascia for treatment of stress urinary incontinence

The indications for sling procedures have evolved and encompass patients with either intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD), anatomic incontinence or both. We have refined a technique that can be performed in a minimally invasive fashion with low attendant morbidity to provide a reproducible method of sling formation. Twenty patients with stress urinary incontinence underwent the in situ sling (ISS) with bone fixation. Subsequent evaluation at 24–29 months (mean =26.2 months) revealed that 95% of patients were cured. No recurrent cystoceles, paravaginal defects or significant detrusor instability have been noted. Urinary retention appeared transiently in only 3 patients and resolved in under 3 weeks. We feel the in situ sling with bone fixation provides a safe and effective means of management for stress urinary incontinence. Furthermore, the reduced surgical dissection may minimize the incidence of postoperative ISD and recurrent paravaginal defects that may accompany more traditional needle suspension procedures.Editorial Comment: The authors present an interesting approach to the performance of a suburethral sling procedure which utilizes the anterior vaginal mucosa beneath the urethra as the supportive section of the sling, similar to the Raz vaginal wall sling technique. The patch is secured with sutures which are transported to the suprapubic site and attached to the symphysis pubis with bone anchors. Whether this procedure will provide longterm support to the urethrovesical junction will only be judged with time, and with prospective studies with pre-and postoperative objective urodynamic evaluation. The present study is truly an initial report of the technique, performed on a small group of patients with genuine stress incontinence or intrinsic sphincter deficiency with or without urethrovesical junction hypermobility. One major concern with any technique utilizing bone anchors attached to sutures coming from the perivaginal tissue following dissection of the anterior vaginal compartment is the potential risk of introducing pathogens to the bone, with resultant osteitis pubis or osteomyelitis.     

A nationwide analysis of transvaginal tape release for urinary retention after tension-free vaginal tape procedure

The role of transvaginal release procedure (TRP) for the treatment of urinary retention after TVT operation in Finland by the end of the year 2002 was evaluated. Questionnaires regarding the TVTs and the TRPs were sent to 56 hospitals. A retrospective review of the records of 48 women undergoing the TRP was available for analysis. TVT was performed on 9040 patients under local (94%), spinal (4%) or general (2%) anesthesia. TRP was made under local (48%), light (48%) or spinal (4%) anesthesia. The number of TRPs was 50/9040 (0.6%) in the whole country. Forty-nine percent of the patients were completely cured of their retention and remained continent after TRP by subjective report and by stress test. The retention following a TVT did not resolve in four patients (12%) who underwent TRP. This nationwide analysis proved that half of the patients remained continent after TRP, which is in our opinion an important information for all proceduralists.     

Pessary reduction and postoperative cure of retention in women with anterior vaginal wall prolapse

This study aimed to determine whether preoperative pessary reduction of anterior vaginal wall prolapse in patients with elevated postvoid residual (PVR) volumes relieves urinary retention, and if reconstructive pelvic surgery in these patients cures urinary retention. The records of all women with symptomatic anterior vaginal wall and urinary retention (PVR 100 cc) who underwent evaluation and surgical repair of the anterior vaginal wall at our institution between 1996 and 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent a detailed urogynecologic and urodynamic evaluation and had a pessary trial prior to surgery. Cure of urinary retention was defined as PVR <100 cc at 3 months postoperatively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for pessary reduction testing were calculated. Twenty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. Two patients (8%) had stage 2, eleven (46%) stage 3, and eleven (46%) stage 4 anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Preoperatively, the use of pessary was associated with relief of urinary retention in 75% patients. In predicting postoperative cure of urinary retention, pessary testing had a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 80%, positive predictive value of 94%, and negative predictive value of 67%. Nineteen of 24 patients had a PVR <100 cc postoperatively, indicating a 79% cure rate for urinary retention. In women with symptomatic anterior vaginal wall prolapse and urinary retention, use of a pessary is associated with relief of retention in the majority of patients. Furthermore, pessary reduction testing has good sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for postoperative voiding function. Editorial Comment: The authors attempt to address an interesting question, whether preoperative reduction of anterior vaginal wall prolapse with a pessary is predictive of improved bladder emptying following surgical correction of the prolapse. In their small retrospective study they found that a successful pessary test of cure was predictive of resolution of urinary retention following surgery with a positive predictive value of 94%. Interestingly, neither the type of pessary nor the type of surgery seemed to influence these results. In addition, the authors noted a higher rate of continued urinary retention in patients who had undergone a sling for correction of their urinary incontinence. This study supports the use of a pessary test of cure for urinary retention in the face of anterior vaginal wall prolapse prior to surgical correction of such prolapse     

Complications associated with the tension-free vaginal tape procedure: the Korean experience

The object was to assess the incidence of complications in patients who had undergone the tension-free vaginal tape procedure and their management. A total of 274 women 28–80 years old (mean: 55.1) with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were included in the study. Follow-up evaluation included questionnaire assessment, physical examination with a stress test, uroflowmetry and postvoid residual urine measurement. Bladder perforations were noted in 13 (4.7%). Thirty-eight patients (13.9%) had postvoid residual urine volume >100 ml twice consecutively or failed to void. Twenty-three women had resolution of their voiding dysfunction with intermittent catheterization. Fourteen patients underwent urethral dilatation and four subsequently underwent a release and/or cutting of the tape. Fifty-seven patients (20.8%) had other voiding problems, but a normal voiding pattern was achieved spontaneously in 34. Fourteen women have shown resolution of their voiding symptoms after urethral dilatation. The present study demonstrates that the tension-free vaginal tape procedure is a safe technique for the treatment of female urinary incontinence. In addition, our findings suggest that there may be a role for urethral dilatation in the management of voiding difficulty associated with the procedure.     

Simultaneous laceration of external iliac artery and vein complicating anterior vaginal wall sling operation for stress urinary incontinence

Case report  We report a case of simultaneous injury of right external iliac artery and vein by a needle carrier that was inserted from the suprapubic area down to the vaginal lumen during anterior vaginal wall sling procedure. Discussion  The risk factors and measures to be taken to avoid this life threatening complication are discussed.     

经阴道纵切横缝术治疗直肠前突的临床观察

目的提高直肠前突所致出口梗阻性便秘的治疗效果,减少直肠前突修补术后并发症和后遗症。方法将经过排粪造影检查证实直肠前突深度在30 mm及以上的146例患者随机分为观察组(74例)和对照组(72例),观察组患者用改良设计的经阴道纵切横缝术,对照组患者用经典术式经阴道纵切纵缝术。结果观察组1例无效,总有效率98．7%；疗程(11．0±1．9)d。术后随访1年,无感染及明显后遗症；对照组8例无效,总有效率88．9%,疗程(17．4±1．6)d,40．3%的患者出现并发症和后遗症。结论改良的经阴道纵切横缝术治疗直肠前突具有疗效好、疗程短,后遗症少等优点。     

四种吊带手术经腹壁或闭孔固定治疗女性压力性尿失禁的效果比较

目的:探讨四种吊带手术经腹和闭孔途径治疗女性压力性尿失禁的效果.方法:采用人工合成材料的吊带经腹壁固定方式(TVT和IVS技术)治疗女性压力性尿失禁患者23例;用经闭孔固定方式(TOT和TVTO技术)治疗女性真性压力性尿失禁患者16例.并进行疗效比较.结果:绝大多数患者均排尿通畅,无尿失禁复发.但TVT组中有1例排尿不畅,3个月后剪断吊带后变为轻度尿失禁;有1例术中膀胱穿孔,术后停留导尿管1周.结论:用四种吊带手术治疗女性真性压力性尿失禁安全、微创和有效.经闭孔固定技术和用经腹壁固定技术这两种方法各有自己的优缺点.     

用人工合成材料的吊带经耻骨固定或经腹壁固定治疗真性女性压力性尿失禁

目的总结用人工合成材料的吊带经不同的途径治疗女性压力性尿失禁的方法和结果。方法采用人工合成材料的吊带经耻骨固定（In—Fast）技术治疗3例，用经腹壁固定（TVT和IVS）技术治疗13例。结果绝大多数病人均排尿通畅．无尿失禁复发。但TVT组有1例排尿不畅，3个月后剪断吊带后变为轻度尿失禁。In-fast组有1例性交不适伴阴道分泌物增加。结论用人工合成材料的吊带进行悬吊技术治疗女性真性压力性尿失禁是安全、微创和有效的手术方式。经耻骨固定技术和用经腹壁固定技术这两种方法各有自己的优缺点。应根据病人的具体情况去选择使用。     

Assessing outcome after a modified vaginal wall sling for stress incontinence with intrinsic sphincter deficiency

Forty women with stress incontinence, intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD), associated or not with urethral hypermobility, a Valsalva leak point pressure (VLLP) <60 cmH₂0 and a maximum urethral closure pressure <30 cmH₂0 underwent in situ vaginal wall sling. The main modification to the technique was the use of two small Marlex meshes placed at the lateral edges of the sling. Outcome was assessed by pad use, surgical results and patients satisfaction. Data of 39/40 patients were analyzed after a minimum follow-up of 1 year. After surgery 30/39 patients were completely dry (no pads), stress incontinence disappeared in 22/39, and 30/39 patients were satisfied with outcome. Reasons for dissatisfaction included recurrence of stress incontinence in three, infections in one and urge incontinence in five. Overall results are good given this category of patients. The vaginal wall sling can be recommended for patients with ISD because the results are promising, it corrects urethral hypermobility and, in our experience, it does not cause obstruction if correctly performed. Editorial Comment: The authors present a method for a modified vaginal wall sling for the treatment of urinary incontinence. The main modification to previous techniques was the use of two small Marlex meshes placed on the lateral edges of the in situ vaginal wall sling. Although the authors present acceptable cure rates with the procedure, they present a 29% incidence of post-operative urge or mixed urinary incontinence. The authors compared this procedure with allograft and autograft sling material, but do not compare it with synthetic material. They give no convincing argument that this procedure is superior to other modified sling procedures such as the TVT, which can be performed with comparable results and less morbidity.     

Martius flap and anterior vaginal wall sling for correction of urethrovaginal fistula (UVF) associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after vaginal delivery

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy, safety and urodynamic effects of the Martius flap and the anterior vaginal wall sling in treating post-birth trauma in the form of urethra-vaginal fistula (UVF) associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Patients and methodsBetween July 2006 and August 2011, 19 patients underwent repair of UVF by interposition of a Martius flap and correction of associated SUI by a modified anterior vaginal wall sling. The procedure was carried out 3–17 (mean 7) months after post-birth trauma. Pre-operative evaluation consisted of history, voiding diary, physical examination, routine laboratory work-up, abdominopelvic ultrasonography, intravenous urography (IVU), and cystourethrography. The patients were followed up for a mean of 34 months. Follow-up included history, physical examination, urine analysis and pelvic ultrasonography for the assessment of residual urine. Urodynamic evaluation was performed at 3 months post-operatively.ResultsNone of the patients developed recurrence of UVF. SUI was corrected in 16 patients (84%). In the post-operative period, 3 patients (16%) complained of an overactive bladder (OAB) with urodynamic detrusor overactivity (DO) and an obstructed flow. These problems were managed successfully using anticholinergics and urethral dilation. Three patients (16%) complained of mild SUI, but refused further management. Within 3 years following the intervention, 3 patients complained of a recurrence of SUI which was managed successfully by a rectus sheath sling.ConclusionsPatients with a post-birth trauma in the form of UVF should be examined intra-operatively for the presence of associated SUI following correction of UVF. The use of the Martius flap and anterior vaginal wall sling in treating such patients is safe, efficient and reproducible. An anterior vaginal wall sling should be avoided in distal UVF to avoid recurrence of SUI.     

Analysis of risk factors associated with vaginal erosion after synthetic sling procedures for stress urinary incontinence

The goal of this study was to analyze the risk factors associated with vaginal erosion after synthetic sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence. Follow-up evaluations were at 1 week, 1 to 3 months, 6 months, and annually after the operation. The evaluations included detailed history taking, vaginal examinations, and perineal ultrasonographic urethrocystography. The vaginal erosion rate (6/239) after the synthetic sling procedure was 2.5%. We assessed the relationship between clinical features and vaginal erosion. Of these, only diabetes mellitus (DM) was a significant risk factor for vaginal erosion. Women with DM were 8.3 times more at risk than women without DM for developing vaginal erosion after synthetic sling procedure (p < 0.05). The vaginal erosion-free rate during the 24-month follow-up decreased significantly in women with DM. The rate of vaginal erosion associated with type III multifilamentous polypropylene sling (intravaginal slingplasty) is 10.7% more than that with type I monofilament polypropylene sling (such as tension-free vaginal tape and inside out transobturator vaginal tape) (p = 0.054). Women with DM should be informed that vaginal erosion is a possible complication after synthetic sling procedure.     

盆腔肿瘤放疗后排尿功能障碍患者的尿动力学评估

目的:评估盆腔肿瘤放疗后患者下尿路功能,分析排尿功能障碍类型.方法:对放疗组21例患者:子宫颈癌15例,骶髓肿瘤2例,直肠癌4例;正常对照组17例,采用常规方法行尿动力学测定,按照美国泌尿协会症状评分(AUA评分)标准进行评分,分析评分与放疗剂量关系,以及尿频尿急、排尿困难、尿失禁三类排尿功能障碍发生的原因.结果:膀胱容量、顺应性、逼尿肌收缩强度、残余尿与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);放疗组尿失禁患者6例(28.6%),排尿困难11例(52.3%),尿频尿急4例(14.0%).放疗后患者的排尿功能障碍严重程度与放疗剂量有一定相关性(r=0.43,P<0.05).结论:盆腔肿瘤放疗对膀胱尿道功能有明显影响,尿动力学检查有助于放疗后复杂排尿功能障碍的评估.     

Thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer with a cervical incision to extract specimen

BackgroundSurgical treatment is the most important and effective therapy for resectable esophageal cancer. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) can reduce surgical trauma. A neck incision can be performed for extraction of surgical specimen. This study was performed to investigate the safety and feasibility of neck incision to extract surgical specimen in thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.Materials and methodsThirty-four patients who experienced thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer and a neck incision for extraction of surgical specimen were enrolled. The clinical, surgical and follow-up data were analyzed.ResultsThe procedure was successful in all patients (100%), with a neck incision to extract the surgical specimen. The median surgical time was 309 min, and the median blood loss was 186 ml, with the mean length of hospital stay of 11.5 days. Pulmonary complications occurred in 8 patients (23.5%). Anastomotic leakage occurred in 5 patients (14.7%), with one patient being treated conservatively to recover and four (11.8%) who received interventional drainage. One patient with interventional drainage died of severe infection, resulting in a 30-day surgical mortality of 2.9% (n = 1). Gastrointestinal complications happened in 5 patients (14.7%), including ileus in three patients and anastomotic stenosis in two patients. Follow-up was performed at a median time of 20 months (interquartile range, 14–32 months), with no death during this period. No recurrence was found in the first 12 months after radical resection.ConclusionThe cervical incision to extract surgical specimen is safe and feasible with improved cosmetic effect in thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.     

The correlation between preoperative voiding mechanism and surgical outcome of the tension-free vaginal tape procedure,with reference to quality of life

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the surgical outcome of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure differs in patients with dysfunctional voiding (DV) or normal voiding. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The voiding mechanism and surgical efficacy of the TVT procedure were analysed retrospectively by reviewing the charts of 79 consecutive women treated over 2 years. Based on their initial voiding mechanism, the patients were divided into two groups, with or without DV. The King's Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate the women's quality of life both before and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: The change in free maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) after surgery differed significantly between the groups (P = 0.001). Moreover, both before and after surgery, the free Qmax was significantly lower (P = 0.019 and 0.001, respectively), and the detrusor pressure at Qmax (both P < 0.001) and urethral resistance (P = 0.036 and 0.027, respectively) significantly higher in the group with DV. The subjective outcome measure showed that the cure rates were not significantly different in the two groups (P = 0.173), but the objective outcome measure showed a significant difference (P = 0.025). Analysis of the total scores for all domains showed that significantly more women improved by> 25% in the group without than in those with DV (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: The objective cure rate of the group without DV undergoing the TVT procedure was significantly higher than in those with DV. In addition, subjective measures assessed by the disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaire indicated that the group without DV had a better quality of life than those with DV.     

A modified vaginal wall patch sling technique as a first-line surgical approach for genuine stress incontinence with urethral hypermobility: long-term follow up

We describe our long-term outcome for patients with genuine stress incontinence (GSI) and urethral hypermobility using a modified vaginal wall patch sling technique. Fifty-three patients were studied. Preoperatively, all patients had a positive standing stress test and urethral hypermobility on Q-tip testing. On urodynamics, all patients had absence of detrusor contractions on subtracted cystometry. The mean age of the patients was 45+10.2 years. Forty-four patients demonstrated complete symptomatic and urodynamic improvement. Five patients had a noticeable failure observed within the first 12 months of follow up and four patients developed later recurrence despite initial success. The overall success rate after 5 years of follow up was 83% (n=44/53). The modified vaginal wall patch sling technique appears to have a good long-term success rate with low operative morbidity and minimal postoperative voiding dysfunction. The patch sling can be used as a first-line surgical approach for GSI with urethral hypermobility and be combined with other vaginal surgery. Editorial Comment: This report of results with the anterior wall suburethral patch sling over an extended period of time (5 years) is consistent with those in previous reports. The authors have given consideration to previous reports that the procedure is not successful in those patients with severe ISD by excluding them from the study. One might conclude from this that an in situ piece of vaginal tissue does not provide a good backboard effect to the outlet during Valsalva events. While synthetic materials and fascia have little elasticity, the vaginal wall is living vascularized tissue and may have more give in it, which may be important in preventing outlet obstruction in most stress incontinent patients, thus making it safer in those with adequate functioning urethras and explaining the failures others have discussed in those with severe ISD. In the properly selected patient it would appear to be a cost-effective option as no special commercial kit is necessary to get the job done