严重PDR玻璃体切割术后雷珠单抗注射的效果观察

目的：对严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的患者行玻璃体切割术后行雷珠单抗注射的效果观察。方法：回归性分析。12例严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者(12眼)接受睫状体平坦部玻璃体切割术,同时给予硅油、惰性气体或者平衡液的玻璃体腔填充。在手术结束的同时给予雷珠单抗的玻璃体腔注射。结果：随访时间平均为2.75 mo。这12眼中分别包括玻璃体积血(1眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生(1眼);玻璃体积血伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(3眼);纤维血管化增生伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(2眼);玻璃体积血伴新生血管性青光眼伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(1眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(2眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生伴新生血管性青光眼伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(1眼);玻璃体积血伴牵拉性孔源性视网膜脱离(1眼)。12眼中,8眼行玻璃体腔硅油填充,2眼行惰性气体填充,2眼行平衡液填充。所有的患者之前均未接受任何治疗。视网膜脱离复位率为10/10(100%)。1眼术后出现前房积血。9眼术后最佳矫正视力较术前提高,2眼无明显变化,1眼较术前下降。 OCT检查显示8眼术后未见黄斑水肿。结论：玻璃体切割术后雷珠单抗注射对严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者有明显的治疗效果：手术成功率明显提高;患者视力显著提高;糖尿病黄斑水肿的发生概率减少;术中及术后并发症的发生率降低。     

Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after vitrectomy in eyes of diabetic patients

PURPOSE: To assess the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) among diabetic patients with complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Ninety-three eyes of diabetic patients-who underwent PPV with or without intraocular gas tamponade for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy-were reviewed retrospectively. Indication for vitrectomy was vitreous hemorrhage in 80 patients (86.1%), tractional retinal detachment in 3 (3.2%), and vitreous hemorrhage associated with tractional retinal detachment in 10 (10.7%). RESULTS: Four (4.3%) of 93 eyes developed an RRD after vitrectomy. The primary reason for vitrectomy was recurrent or nonresolving vitreous hemorrhage. The retina was attached with one additional surgical procedure in two of these eyes; the other two had to undergo a third operation before attachment was achieved. CONCLUSION: RRD occurs in a small percentage of patients after PPV with or without gas tamponade for vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Thorough postoperative follow-up is important to make early diagnosis and intervention possible.     

Combined surgery, phacoemulsification, implantation of intraocular lens and pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, technical feasibility and incidence of complications after combining pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of combined vitreoretinal and cataract surgery in 100 eyes of 96 patients were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 8.4 months. All patients had clinically significant lens opacities and vitreoretinal pathology requiring pars plana vitrectomy. Indications for vitreoretinal surgery included: persistent vitreous haemorrhage (28 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage combined with tractional retinal detachment (50 eyes), tractional retinal detachment without vitreous haemorrhage caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (7 eyes), rheumatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (10 eyes) and dislocated crystalline lens in the vitreous (5 eyes). RESULTS: Postoperatively, best corrected visual acuity improved in 81 eyes (81%)- by two lines or more in 31 eyes (31%) - by less than two lines in 50 eyes (50%). In 14 eyes (14%) visual acuity was unchanged and was worse in 5 cases (5%). Postoperative complications included fibrin reaction, posterior synechias of the iris, vitreous hemorrhage, neovascular glaucoma, posterior capsule opacification, redetachment of retina. CONCLUSIONS: Our cases confirm previous study, that performing phacoemulsification, IOL implantation and vitrectomy in one operation is safe and allows visual recovery with good technical results.     

对侧眼无症状视网膜裂孔预防性激光光凝术后失败原因分析

目的探讨孔源性视网膜脱离患者的对侧眼无症状视网膜新裂孔行预防性激光光凝术后发生视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离的原因。方法对21例孔源性视网膜脱离同时行对侧眼无症状视网膜裂孔预防性激光光凝术后发生视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离的患者,记录其年龄、性别、屈光状态、晶状体状态、对侧眼预防性治疗的病变类型和治疗的方法、预防性激光光凝术到视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离形成的时间和玻璃体状态、新发生裂孔的类型和位置、治疗的方法。结果平均年龄41.3岁,15例(71.4%)为男性,全部为近视眼,其中16例(76.2%)高度近视(大于6.0D),全部为有透明晶状体眼,对侧眼预防性治疗的病变类型:15例(71.4%)为变性萎缩孔,6例(28.6%)为马蹄孔伴随广泛视网膜格子样变性(变性区大于6个钟点),全部病例均行视网膜裂孔孔周氩激光光凝术,视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离形成的时间平均为21.6个月,术前部分玻璃体后脱离(PVD)2例(9.5%),无明显的色素颗粒,新裂孔或视网膜脱离形成后,部分PVD伴色素颗粒18例(85.7%),全部均为马蹄形裂孔,马蹄孔伴后缘卷边2例(9.5%),9例(42.8%)新裂孔形成的位置位于激光光凝区的边缘,12例(57.2%)位于正常或未治疗的视网膜上,发展为视网膜脱离18例(85.7%),累及黄斑6例(28.6%),16例行视网膜裂孔冷凝联合巩膜环扎和外加压术,2例行玻璃体切除联合惰性气体填充术;单纯视网膜裂孔3例(14.3%),再次行氩激光光凝术,术后平均随访6个月。结论中青年高度近视不伴随PVD是对侧眼无症状视网膜裂孔光凝术后发生视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离的高危因素;预防性激光治疗与玻璃体后脱离牵拉新裂孔形成有密切相关。     

Surgery for diabetic retinopathy

Surgery for diabetic retinopathy addresses late secondary complications of a primary microvascular disease. Since surgery is not a causative therapy, the functional outcome of surgery depends on the degree of retinal ischemia and may be disappointing even in technically and anatomically successfully operated eyes. Typical indications for vitrectomy are vitreous hemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment, combined tractional rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and tractive macular edema. More recently diffuse diabetic macular edema has been shown to improve after removal of an attached vitreous in several cases. Neovascular glaucoma requires aggressive surgical intervention to salvage the eye. Cataract surgery is commonly performed in eyes with diabetic retinopathy. It may however deteriorate diabetic eye disease. Vitreous surgery also has a potential for severe complications in diabetic eyes which can be ameliorated but not eliminated by proper surgical strategies and techniques. The decision for an intervention in diabetic eyes always requires a careful weighing of risks and benefits of surgery.     

Late-onset retinal detachment associated with regressed retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: To study the characteristics of late-onset retinal detachments in patients with regressed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the condition of their fellow eyes. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of 29 patients (38 eyes) who had been treated at two institutions, one in the US and the other in Japan, between 1986 and 1997. The age at the time of treatment ranged from 6 to 51 years (mean=23.1). Five of the 38 eyes with tractional detachment were treated with either open-sky vitrectomy, closed vitrectomy, or scleral buckling; 27 of the 38 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment underwent scleral buckling or closed vitrectomy or both. The remaining 6 of the 38 eyes had subclinical rhegmatogenous detachment and were treated with photocoagulation or cryopexy, or followed without treatment. The most characteristic retinal breaks were multiple holes with a prevalence of equator and posterior types. RESULTS: Overall, anatomical reattachment was accomplished in 27/32 eyes (84%) that underwent surgery. Two thirds of the patients who underwent vitrectomy either initially or at a later time had poor postoperative visual acuity. More than half of the fellow eyes had retinal detachment and others had various characteristic fundus changes of regressed ROP. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term, probably life-long follow-up of high-risk patients is necessary so that diagnosis and treatment can be instituted at an early stage of retinal detachment.     

Long-term results of vitreous surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

In order to study long-term anatomical and functional results the authors evaluated the data from 260 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Indications for surgery were: vitreous hemorrhage, 68 eyes (26.2%); vitreous hemorrhage & tractional retinal detachment, 84 eyes (32.3%); tractional retinal detachment, 82 eyes (31.5%); and combined tractional-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 26 eyes (10%). In 118 eyes vitreoretinal surgery was combined with silicone-oil tamponade.The retina was completely attached posterior to a scleral buckle in 251 eyes (96%) at the time of the last examination. After a follow-up period of at least 12 months in a group of patients with vitreous hemorrhage, visual acuity improved in 88% of the eyes. Visual acuity was better than 0.5 in 31% of eyes. In group of eyes with nonresorbing vitreous hemorrhage & tractional retinal detachment visual acuity improved in 52% of eyes. Visual acuity improved in 76% of eyes with tractional retinal detachment and in 81% of eyes with combined tractional & rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. When comparing the latest postoperative visual acuity to visual acuity after three months postoperatively, visual acuity was unchanged in 88%, in 10% it became worse and in 3 cases (1%) became better. In the postoperative period, recurrent vitreous hemorrhage occurred in 33 (13%) eyes, reproliferation in 12 eyes.Cataract developed in 45 of 168 phakic eyes. If postoperative visual acuity before cataract formation was good, extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was performed. Otherwise simple intra or extracapsular cataract extraction was performed. In 19 cases cataract operation was performed together with silicone oil extraction. Neovascular glaucoma developed postoperatively in 15 eyes (6%). Retinal detachment occurred postoperatively in 21 eyes (8%). In 15 eyes the retina was successfully reattached after additional operations.     

The fellow eye of patients with phakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment from atrophic holes of lattice degeneration without posterior vitreous detachment

BACKGROUND: Primary phakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) without posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) represents a unique clinical entity that behaves differently from RRD associated with PVD. While previous studies have reported the long term findings in the fellow eye of patients with RRD and PVD, the outcome of the fellow eye of patients with RRD without PVD is not known. METHODS: Consecutive patients with RRD not associated with PVD were studied retrospectively. The authors evaluated the fellow eye for retinal detachment or other vision threatening pathology. RESULTS: 27 patients (mean age 32 years) were studied with follow up of between 9 and 326 months (mean 111 months). 24 (89%) were myopic. Bilateral retinal detachment occurred in eight patients (30%). On initial examination, 17 patients (63%) had retinal findings (including lattice degeneration, atrophic holes, and/or cystic retinal tufts) in the fellow eye that might predispose them to retinal detachment. 14 vision threatening events or diagnoses occurred (nine of which were rhegmatogenous in nature) in the fellow eye including eight retinal detachments, one traumatic PVD without retinal tears, one retinal tear after PVD, one diagnosis of pigmentary glaucoma needing trabeculectomy, two visually significant cataracts, and one diagnosis of chorioretinitis. 23 patients (85%) maintained visual acuity better than 20/50, with most retaining 20/20 vision in the fellow eye. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who experience RRD without PVD are at risk of developing vision threatening events in the contralateral eye and, as such, the fellow eye should be followed carefully.     

视网膜脱离患者玻璃体切除硅油填充术后3天高眼压发生率及危险因素

目的 探讨玻璃体切除及硅油填充术治疗视网膜脱离术后3天内眼压升高的发生比例及危险因素。设计 前瞻性病例系列。研究对象 2018年2-8月北京大学第三医院连续行玻璃体切除术联合硅油填充术治疗的视网膜脱离患者135例。方法  使用回弹式眼压计测量患者术后2、4、6~8小时、1、2、3天的眼压。任何时间眼压≥25 mmHg定义为眼压升高。生存期定义为从玻璃体切除术结束至第一次眼压≥25 mmHg发生时的时间间隔（小时）。采用Cox回归分析评估术后3天内发生高眼压的相关危险因素。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线可视化不同病因的视网膜脱离患者的生存概率。主要指标 高眼压发生率及危险因素。结果 135例患者中44例（32.6%）发生眼压升高,眼压升高在术后第1天发生率最高（20.2%）。Cox分析显示视网膜脱离的病因与眼压升高显著相关（P=0.006）,以原发性孔源性视网膜脱离作为对照,糖尿病性牵引性视网膜脱离和复发性视网膜脱离发生眼压升高的风险分别为3.5 倍（P=0.002,HR=3.41） 和3倍 （P=0.010,HR=2.91）。糖尿病牵引性视网膜脱离和复发性视网膜脱离的总生存率显著低于原发性视网膜脱离和外伤性视网膜脱离（P<0.05）。结论 视网膜脱离患者行玻璃体切除硅油填充术后3天内眼压升高比例约占1/3,主要发生在术后第1天。对于玻璃体切除硅油填充眼特别是糖尿病牵引性视网膜脱离及复发性视网膜脱离者,术后第1天复查仍有必要性。（眼科,2022,31：27-32）     

玻璃体手术治疗中间葡萄膜炎玻璃体视网膜并发症的临床效果

目的 探讨玻璃体手术治疗中间葡萄膜炎玻璃体视网膜并发症的临床效果.方法 为系列病例研究.选择16例(16只眼)并发玻璃体视网膜疾病的中间葡萄膜炎患者进行玻璃体手术治疗.术后随访5～32个月,平均(14.25±7.90)个月.随访期间观察患者视力、术后并发症及中间葡萄膜炎的复发情况.结果 16例(16只眼)患者中,有4例分别患有肺结核、多发性硬化、Beheet综合征及风湿性关节炎等全身性疾病,其余12例无系统性疾病.术前所有患者均有糖皮质激素治疗史,使用时间为6～16个月,平均(9.94±2.67)个月.玻璃体视网膜并发症包括重度玻璃体混浊伴机化5只眼,牵引性视网膜脱离6只眼,孔源性视网膜脱离1只眼,玻璃体积血2只眼,黄斑前膜伴玻璃体机化2只眼,所有患眼均出现周边部视网膜新生血管.术后并发白内障3只眼,牵引性视网膜脱离1只眼.术后4例患者需长期服用糖皮质激素或联合免疫抑制剂治疗.术后视力提高或保持不变14只眼,视力下降2只眼,与术前视力比较差异有统计学意义(x2=4.923,P＜0.05).术后未见中间葡萄膜炎复发者.结论 对严重或药物控制不佳而出现玻璃体视网膜并发症的中间葡萄膜炎患者采用经平坦部的玻璃体手术治疗,可以明显改善患者视力,减少长期使用免疫抑制剂治疗的不良反应.     

Autologous plasmin enzyme in the surgical management of diabetic retinopathy

PURPOSE: This is a pilot study to assess the use of autologous plasmin enzyme (APE) as an adjunct to vitreous surgery in eyes with advanced diabetic retinopathy. DESIGN: Prospective noncomparative interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Seven patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy selected at random from our practice population. METHODS: Seven eyes were treated with APE as an adjunct to standard vitreous surgery. Six eyes had macular tractional retinal detachments, and one eye had refractory macular edema. Three fellow eyes had standard vitreous surgery performed for macular tractional retinal detachments without APE. All 10 eyes had macular edema and background diabetic retinopathy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures included induction of a posterior vitreous detachment, retinal reattachment, improvement in visual acuity, and resolution of macular edema. RESULTS: All seven APE-treated eyes achieved spontaneous or easy removal of the posterior hyaloid including one eye that had vitreoschisis over areas of detached retina. All eyes treated with APE had resolution of intraretinal edema. Retinas of all eyes treated with APE were reattached. The three fellow eyes were treated by vitreous surgery without APE. Two of the three fellow eyes had reattached retinas, but none had resolution of intraretinal edema without further focal photocoagulation treatment. Mean visual acuity improvement was 0.7 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) units in APE-treated eyes and 0.1 LogMAR units in eyes without APE. The average follow-up period was 14 months. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that APE may be beneficial in the surgical management of diabetic retinopathy.     

孔源性视网膜脱离对侧眼无症状视网膜裂孔的预防性治疗

目的:探讨孔源性视网膜脱离患者的对侧眼无症状视网膜裂孔预防性激光光凝的疗效。方法:用三面镜和间接眼底镜观察孔源性视网膜脱离患者的对侧眼,对917例无症状视网膜裂孔进行预防性激光光凝术,记录其年龄、性别、屈光状态、晶状体的状态、对侧眼玻璃体状态、裂孔的类型和位置、预防性治疗的方法;术后随诊时间6mo～5a;记录术后视网膜和玻璃体的情况,视网膜新裂孔或视网膜脱离形成的例数,形成的时间和新裂孔发生时玻璃体的状态、新发生裂孔的类型和位置、治疗的方法。结果:孔源性视网膜脱离对侧眼裂孔发生的危险因素与年龄、性别、近视、部分玻璃体后脱离(posterior vitreous de-tachment,PVD)高度相关,裂孔以变性萎缩孔多见,马蹄孔次之;裂孔常发生的位置依次是颞上、颞下、鼻上、鼻下象限。术后发现对侧眼视网膜新裂孔或视网膜脱离形成共21例(2.3%),形成的时间平均为21.6mo(7d～3a),平均年龄41.3岁,15例(71.4%)为男性,全部为近视眼,其中16例(76.2%)高度近视(大于6.00D),全部为有透明晶状体眼,病变类型:15例(71.4%)为变性萎缩孔,6例(28.6%)为马蹄孔伴随广泛视网膜格子样变性(变性区大于6个钟点),术前部分PVD2例(9.5%),无明显的色素颗粒。新裂孔或视网膜脱离形成后,部分PVD伴色素颗粒18例(85.7%),全部均为马蹄形裂孔,马蹄孔伴后缘卷边2例(9.5%),9例(42.9%)新裂孔形成的位置位于激光光凝区的边缘,12例(57.1%)位于正常或未治疗的视网膜上,发展为视网膜脱离18例(85.7%),累及黄斑6例(28.6%),16例行视网膜裂孔冷凝联合巩膜环扎和外加压术,2例行玻璃体切除联合惰性气体填充术;单纯视网膜裂孔3例(14.3%),再次行氩激光光凝术,术后平均随访6mo。结论:孔源性视网膜脱离患者的对侧眼无症状视网膜裂孔预防性激光光凝疗效好;中青年高度近视不伴随PVD是对侧眼无症状视网膜裂孔光凝术后发生视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离的高危因素;预防性激光治疗与玻璃体后脱离牵拉新裂孔形成有密切相关。     

Longitudinal changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Purpose. To investigate the longitudinal changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods. This prospective study examined 33 vitrectomy patients who were diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Optical coherence tomography was conducted 6, 12, and 24 months after vitrectomy to investigate the changes in RNFL thickness. The RNFL thickness in the retinal detached area of the affected eye was compared with its mirror image in the fellow eye. Results. The respective RNFL thickness in retinal-detached area and its mirror image in the fellow eye was 120.7 ± 13.5 μm and 124.7 ± 21.5 μm at 6 months following vitrectomy (P > 0.05); 114.1 ± 19.6 μm and 124.0 ± 16.6 μm at 12 months (P < 0.05); and 107.5 ± 17.2 μm and 123.8 ± 14.3 μm at 24 months (P < 0.05). A significant difference was detected between the RNFL thickness in the detached area and the fellow eye after 12 and 24 months. The difference in the RNFL thickness in the area of undetached retina in the affected eye and its mirror image in the fellow eye during follow-up did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Conclusions. In patients undergoing vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, the RNFL was significantly thinner in the area of the detached retina than in the fellow eye 12 and 24 months postoperatively.     

Local dry vitrectomy combined with segmental scleral buckling and viscoelastic tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with vitreous traction

AIM: To demonstrate combined local dry vitrectomy and segmental scleral buckling for the treatment of partial rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with local vitreous traction in patients at high-risk for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). METHODS: Seven eyes of 7 patients were retrospectively studied, including 3 retinal dialysis and 4 retinal detachment (RD) (3 eyes with peripheral retinal hole and 1 eye with giant tear). All patients exhibited partial RD and local vitreous traction. Combined local dry vitrectomy without conventional infusion and segmental scleral buckling was performed. Viscoelastic fluid was injected into the vitreous cavity if needed. Demographic information, preoperative and post-operative complications, and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients at presentation was 22.43±14.28y. All seven patients obtained retinal reattachment after a single surgical intervention. Post-operative visual acuities were improved in all patients. None of them developed complications, except for temporary mildly increased intraocular pressure in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: Combined local dry vitrectomy and segmental scleral buckling and viscoelastic tamponade if needed are effective for patients of RRD with local vitreous traction. The technique avoids many complications associated with regular surgery and was minimally invasive to both the external and internal eye.     

Vitrectomy for vitreous bleeding and tractional retinal detachment in a case of Evans syndrome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of vitrectomy to treat Evans syndrome with vitreous bleeding followed by tractional retinal detachment. CASE: Vitrectomy was performed on a 21-year-old man with Evans syndrome who developed tractional retinal detachment in the left eye after experiencing vitreous bleeding and tissue proliferation related to the bleeding. OBSERVATIONS: After the proliferative tissue was removed and tractional retinal detachment corrected, the patient's visual acuity improved from 6/20 to 10/20. A small amount of residual proliferative tissue remained after the vitrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy may be beneficial in patients with serious vitreous complications induced by hematological diseases such as Evans syndrome.     

Vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous or tractional retinal detachment with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the anatomic features and surgical indications of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) complicated with rhegmatogenous or tractional retinal detachment. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight eyes of 25 patients who had either clinically suspected or fully diagnosed FEVR. Of these, 25 had rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 2 had tractional retinal detachment, and 1 had tractional retinal detachment plus vitreous hemorrhage. INTERVENTIONS: The authors carefully observed the vitreoretinal interface during surgery, studied the clinical and anatomic features of FEVR, and then evaluated the surgical results. RESULTS: The vitreoretinal adhesions were so strong in the peripheral avascular area that iatrogenic retinal breaks easily occurred in 22 of 28 eyes. In all cases, the bimanual technique with vitreous scissors and forceps was required to dissect the posterior vitreous membrane from the retinal surface. The retina was reattached in 24 of 28 cases (85.7%), and visual acuity improved in 20 eyes (71.4%). CONCLUSION: Dissection of the vitreous in the peripheral avascular area is very difficult in FEVR, and those patients for whom this procedure was not successfully performed may have a poorer prognosis.     

Incidence of retinal detachment and visual outcome in eyes presenting with posterior vitreous separation and dense fundus-obscuring vitreous hemorrhage

PURPOSE: To determine visual outcomes and the incidence of retinal detachment in eyes presenting with posterior vitreous separation and dense fundus-obscuring vitreous hemorrhage. DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive noncomparative interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six eyes (15 right eyes and 21 left eyes) of 34 patients (18 female and 16 male) ranging in age from 42 to 94 years. Mean follow-up was 14 months. METHODS: A comparison of the best-corrected initial visual acuities versus final visual acuities after spontaneous resolution of vitreous hemorrhage or surgical intervention. The number of eyes that were found to have retinal tears or that had a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment develop was documented. Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution-converted visual acuities was used for comparison. Categorical data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, and population means were compared by Student's t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Final mean visual acuities, number of eyes with at least one retinal tear, location of retinal tears, number of eyes that had retinal detachment develop, and the number of eyes repaired with scleral buckling surgery and/or pars plana vitrectomy. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 36 eyes (67%) were found to have at least one retinal break (range, 0-4 breaks), with 88% of breaks located in the superior retina. Eleven eyes (31%) had more than one retinal break. Fourteen of 36 eyes (39%) had a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment develop that was repaired with pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckling. An additional 14 eyes (39%) underwent vitrectomy for nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage. The incidence of retinal detachment in eyes with a history of retinal detachment in the contralateral eye was 75% (P = 0.04). Seven of 14 eyes (50%) with retinal detachment had coexisting proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Most retinal breaks and detachments occurred in emmetropic or myopic eyes. For all 36 eyes the mean preoperative visual acuity was 20/1233, and the mean final visual acuity was 20/62 (P < 0.0001). Eyes that had a macula-off retinal detachment develop had worse final visual outcomes (20/264; P = 0.01), as did eyes that had proliferative vitreoretinopathy develop (20/129; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Acute, spontaneous, nontraumatic posterior vitreous separation with dense fundus-obscuring vitreous hemorrhage is associated with a high incidence of retinal tears and detachment. Close follow-up with clinical examination and ultrasonography is necessary, because many of these eyes may eventually require surgical intervention. Aggressive management with early vitrectomy should be considered when there is a history of retinal detachment in the contralateral eye.     

Macular tractional retinal detachment: A rare complication of blunt trauma

Traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after blunt ocular trauma is a known entity. A tractional macular detachment occurring posttrauma without a retinal break is a unique presentation. A 25-year-old gentleman after blunt ocular trauma with a ball presented a week later with a vision of 20/800, large subretinal bleed and resolving vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye. Three weeks later, an extensive glial proliferation at the posterior pole and macular tractional retinal detachment was noted with the worsening of visual acuity. A vitrectomy, membrane peeling, and silicone oil tamponade with a subsequent silicone oil removal at 6 months stabilized the macula, and vision improved to 20/120. A tractional macular detachment post blunt trauma is rare albeit an interesting occurrence, which can be effectively managed with vitrectomy and allied procedures.     

Ⅱ型增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者行玻璃体切除地机与术后视力 …

探讨Ⅱ型增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变合并严重玻璃本出血或合并血管纤维增殖引起的视网膜牵拉性视网膜脱离情况下,进行玻璃全切除术的手术时机。