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1.
准分子激光角膜屈光手术经过近20年的发展更新,已经取得了巨大成就。本文主要针对角膜屈光手术领域近期出现的新术式、新技术特点进行综述。 相似文献
2.
目的观察消像差设计飞秒LASIK手术后角膜高阶像差的变化。方法 分析74例患者146眼的临床资料,在术前和术后进行标准检查测量角膜像差。应用Custom Ablation Manager软件进行消像差手术设计,应用SCHWIND AMARIS准分子激光仪进行激光切削,应用Intralase飞秒激光制作角膜瓣。术后3个月测量高阶像差(higher order aberrations, HOAs)的改变。 结果 术后除三叶草差外,其余各角膜高阶像差指标均较术前增大,差异有统计学意义(t=13.03、12.35、8.25、5.26,P<0.01)。切削区较小时,矫正单位屈光度引起的HO-RMS增加量、球差增加量和彗差增加量高于切削区较大时,差异有统计学意义(F=17.86、36.76、2.97,P<0.05)。预矫屈光度数高的组,矫正单位屈光度引起的HO-RMS增加量、球差增加量和彗差增加量均高于预矫屈光度数低的组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.54、5.24、2.80,P<0.01)。结论 消像差设计飞秒LASIK手术后,角膜高阶像差较术前增加。矫正的屈光度数越高,术后角膜高阶像差增加越多;切削区越小,术后角膜高阶像差增加越多。 相似文献
3.
比较准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK),飞秒制瓣LASIK (FS-LASIK),波前引导LASIK (WF-LASIK)以及全飞秒激光基质内透镜取出术(SMILE)4种手术后近视患者角膜后表面高阶像差(HOA)的变化.共收集近视患者242例,其中46例行LASIK,38例行FS-LASIK,68例行WF-LASI... 相似文献
4.
张晓宇 《复旦学报(医学版)》2014,41(3):416-418
常规激光角膜屈光手术的长期安全性和稳定性已经得到了广泛的认可,而在特殊适应证诸如儿童复杂性屈光不正、角膜移植后、高眼压或疑似青光眼患者中的作用如何,技术方法有何特点、并发症如何,面临的争议又有哪些等,仍需要进一步研究。本文旨在阐述激光角膜屈光手术在上述特殊患者中应用的有效性、安全性,并对其发展前景进行展望。 相似文献
5.
非甾体抗炎药(non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDS)是一种具有解热、镇痛、抗炎等作用的药物。在某些方面比糖皮质激素更具优势,且无糖皮质激素升高眼压的危险性。不仅抗炎镇痛、改善患者术后主观症状效果显著,还具有抑制术后并发症发生的作用。本文从非甾体药物的作用机制、角膜屈光术后常用的非甾体药物、不同屈光手术后应用非甾体药物的研究现状及产生的不良反应等方面进行综述。 相似文献
6.
目的 评价碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)在准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser assisted in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)后对波前像差的影响。方法 选取LASIK手术患者41例,分为实验组(21例,41眼)和对照组(20例,40眼),LASIK术后给予4.88g/L左氧氟沙星滴眼液+1g/L氟米龙滴眼液,每天4次,共2周。实验组给予bFGF;对照组给予玻璃酸钠滴眼液,两组均为每天4次、2个月。观察两组患者术后干眼的症状体征包括模糊感、干涩感、泪膜破裂时间(break up time,BUT)、泪液分泌试验(Schirmer’s test,ST)、角膜荧光染色(fluorescein staining,FL),测量两组患者的视力、像差并进行比较。结果 两组术后模糊感、干涩感、ST、BUT无明显差异,bFGF组FL优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后裸眼视力差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后两组的球差与术前相比均明显上升(P<0.05),两组间球差值、慧差差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1个月两组的RMSh与术前相比显著上升(P<0.05),术后2个月时RMSh 稍有下降。bFGF组RMSh值比对照组小,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 bFGF能改善LASIK术后干眼,能促进角膜伤口的愈合,对术后总高阶像差的恢复有一定促进作用,但对球差、慧差没有影响。 相似文献
7.
目的〓〖HTK〗了解青少年近视患者角膜高阶像差的分布规律,探讨近视程度对角膜高阶像差的影响。〖HTW〗方法〓〖HTK〗应用Ray Tracing原理设计的iTrace视功能分析仪检测104例104只青少年近视眼,等效球镜为[(-3.98±2.50)D]的角膜像差。在6mm瞳孔直径下测量3~6阶Zernike系数,计算各阶均方根(RMS)值、3~6阶总RMS值、球差(Z04,Z06)及彗差(Z-13,Z13,Z-15,Z15)RMS值,并分别与屈光度进行相关分析。〖HTW〗结果〓〖HTK〗受试者球镜平均为(-3.72±2.36)D,柱镜平均为(-0.77±0.62)D,角膜总高阶像差(3~6阶)的RMS值平均为(0.413±0.134)μm,3阶至6阶的各项Zernike系数大致呈递减趋势(4阶球差Z04除外),所有角膜的Z04(4阶球差)值均为正值,平均(0.272±0.086)μm。近视屈光度大小与角膜总高阶像差、各阶像差的RMS值无相关性,但水平彗差(Z13)与等效球镜呈负相关(P<0.01)。彗差作为主导像差的频率在高度近视组略增加,而球差是角膜像差中最主要的像差(约占80%),且不随屈光度的变化而变化。〖HTW〗结论〓〖HTK〗在青少年近视中,角膜高阶像差的个体差异较大,仅个别Zernike系数与近视程度有相关性,球差是角膜像差中最主要的像差。 相似文献
8.
目的:探讨准分子激光术后电脑验光仪?像差测量仪和综合验光仪3种屈光检查测量法准确性的研究及其影响因素?方法:随机抽取2008年12月~2009年1月于复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院视光门诊准分子激光手术的患者78例,154眼,患者术前及术后3个月(平均14.2周)的球镜量?散光量及轴向分别用3种检查法测量(均未予睫状肌麻痹),并将电脑验光仪和像差测量仪平均所得数据分别与综合验光仪所得数据进行比较?同时分别测量同一患者术前和术后的高阶像差?角膜曲率?角膜厚度等,比较同一眼术前及术后的差值,并将比较差异有统计学意义的球镜量?散光量及散光轴向分别与术前和术后的高阶像差?角膜曲率?角膜厚度等差值行单因素及多因素回归分析?结果:3种方法在准分子激光术前所测球镜量?散光量及散光轴向比较,只有电脑验光仪散光度数与综合验光仪散光度数比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)?术后3个月电脑验光仪与综合验光仪球镜量?散光量及散光轴向比较P均 < 0.01?球镜量像差测量仪与综合验光仪比较P < 0.01,而散光量及轴向两者比较P > 0.05?术后影响因素单因素回归及多因素回归相关分析,电脑验光仪与综合验光仪球镜度差异与准分子激光术前及术后角膜曲率差值相关,回归系数为-0.073,P = 0.009,而像差测量仪与综合验光仪的球镜量差异则分别与术前及术后高阶像差C7(垂直彗差)和C12(四阶球差)及角膜曲率差值相关,回归系数分别为-0.475?0.489?-0.004,P值分别为0.001?0.001?0.024,差异有统计学意义?结论:对于近视散光测量像差测量仪准确性要优于电脑验光,特别是准分子激光术后患者?同一眼在准分子激光术前术后测量准确性的差异主要与激光手术后角膜曲率及高阶像差的改变相关? 相似文献
9.
Zheng GY Du J Zhang JS Liu SB Nie XL Zhu XH Tang XX Xin BL Mai ZB Zhang WX 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2007,120(10):882-885
Background Astigmatism is one of the most significant obstacles for achieving satisfactory visual function. This study was to evaluate the influence of astigmatism on contrast sensitivity (CS) and higher-order aberrations.
Methods CS, accommodation response and wavefront aberration were measured in 113 patients with astigmatism, aged 18-36 years. Both single and binocular visual performance were examined under four lighting conditions: photopia, photopia with glare, scotopia and scotopia with glare respectively. Accommodation response was classified as normal, abnormal and low. The contribution of the power and axis of astigmatism to CS, accommodation response and wavefront aberration was analyzed.
Results As the dioptric power of astigmatism increased, the loss of CS spatial frequency changed from high to intermediate, and then to low frequency. CS scores varied at different illuminance levels, descending in the following sequence: photopia, photopia with glare, scotopia, and scotopia with glare. However, the normal accommodation group showed better CS values under photopia with glare than without glare. The range of influenced direction of sine-wave gratings remained mostly at the meridian line of high dioptric power, which would be expanded when optical accommadation attenuated. The patients with symmetrical astigmatism got higher CS scores with binoculus vision than with dominant eye vision, while the patients with asymmetrical astigmatism did this only at scotopia with glare. Among higher-order aberrations, coma aberration, secondary coma aberration and the total higher order aberration were influenced by astigmatism, all of which rising with the power of astigmatism increased.
Conclusions Reducing astigmatism might improve the performance of visual function. Not only the power of astigmatism should be cut down, but also the binocular axes should be made symmetrically. 相似文献
10.
目的 评估激光原位角膜磨镶术(Lasik)术后近远期、正常角膜前后表面及全角膜像差的变
化。方法 选取1995 年1 月—2008 年12 月于西安市第四医院准分子激光中心行Lasik 手术的113 例患者作
为远期组,另选取2016 年4 月—2016 年5 月于西安市第四医院做视力检查的正常近视眼患者63 例作为对照
组,对照组行飞秒激光制瓣Lasik 后的患者作为近期组。测量各组角膜前后表面及全角膜像差,对比术后近远
期及未手术者前后表面和全角膜像差的变化。结果 远期组角膜前表面和全角膜球差、彗差、三叶草及总高
阶像差大于正常组和近期组(P <0.05),远期组角膜后表面彗差、三叶草及总高阶像差大于正常组和近期组
(P <0.05)。结论 Lasik 术后角膜前表面及全角膜像差较正常角膜高,并且术后远期角膜像差高于术后早期。
术后像差的增加与角膜瓣的制作、基质床的切削、激光参数及术后伤口愈合等有关。 相似文献
11.
目的 观察可植入式接触镜(implantable contact lens,ICL)术后患者眩光幻影程度,探讨其形成原因.方法 利用全眼球像差仪(OPD-ScanⅢ)检测22例患者44眼ICL术后3个月暗瞳及散瞳情况下Zernike多项式各像差值,对每只眼眩光幻影严重程度分4级计分,再对二者进行相关性分析.结果 暗瞳时,患者瞳孔直径(5.75 ±0.75) mm,无眩光幻影33例(75%),轻度10例(23%),中度1例(2%),无重度眩光幻影.眩光幻影分别与二级散光(r=0.541、r=0.465,P<0.05)、球差(r=5.802,P<0.05)、散光(r=0.314、r=0.313,P<0.05)、失焦(r=0.569,P<0.05)、三叶草差(r=0.382,P<0.05)、彗差(r=0.422、r=0.310,P<0.05),以及四叶草差(r=0.303、r=0.455,P<0.05)等不同程度正相关,与其余各项指标不相关.散瞳时,患者瞳孔直径(8.21 ±0.15)mm,且全部有眩光幻影,其中轻度13例(28.6%),中度19例(43%),重度12例(27.4%),并且眩光幻影仅与失焦呈正相关(r=0.473,P<0.05),与其余各项指标不相关.结论 眩光幻影程度与失焦像差呈正相关,主要与瞳孔散大时ICL晶体光学区外未矫正区域的屈光不正有关. 相似文献
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超高度近视屈光性手术后主诉视觉质量下降原因分析 《首都医科大学学报》2018,39(3):449-452
目的 分析超高度近视屈光性手术后视觉质量下降原因。方法 采用回顾性病例系列研究,收集2009年1月-2015年12月在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科接受晶状体摘除联合人工晶状体植入或有晶状体眼人工晶状体植入手术后主诉视觉质量较差的超高度近视患者8例(16只眼)的资料。对术后视觉质量进行问卷调查,测量患者的术前、术后的屈光度、裸眼远视力、矫正远视力、裸眼近视力及矫正近视力的情况,分析患者术后视觉质量变差的原因。结果 本组患者年龄30~60岁,平均年龄(44.88±10.32)岁,术前屈光度范围-29.0~-18.0 D,平均屈光度(-23.19±3.60) D,术后屈光度范围-3.0~1.75 D,平均屈光度(-0.73±1.31) D,术后屈光度比术前明显减小(P<0.001)。所有患者对术后裸眼远视力及矫正远视力满意,术前矫正远视力平均为0.19±0.07,术后平均矫正远视力为0.24±0.07,术后较术前明显提高(P<0.05),但对术后裸眼近视力和30 cm矫正近视力的满意度均较差,术后裸眼近视力明显低于术前裸眼近视力,术后30 cm矫正视力亦明显低于术前裸眼近视力,术后10 cm矫正视力有改善但依然低于术前裸眼近视力(P<0.05)。结论 超高度近视患者接受屈光性手术后,主诉视觉质量下降,主要与术后裸眼近视力和术后矫正近视力下降有关。 相似文献
13.
目的 研究近视屈光手术人群眼角膜非球面特性(Q值)的分布特征以及相关因素对Q值的影响.方法 随机收集近视屈光手术患者300例(600眼),使用Orbscan Ⅱz眼前节分析系统K&Q计算软件获得眼角膜6 mm分析区域的Q值,并针对Q值的分布特征及其与相关的屈光度、角膜曲率和角膜直径等因素进行相关分析.结果 300例600眼角膜Q值分布范围-0.51~1.03,平均(-0.16±0.15).Q值与角膜曲率、模拟角膜镜读数、5 mm区不规则指数和角膜前表面Diff值之间呈负相关,与前房深度和角膜直径呈正相关,而与球镜度数、等效球镜度、柱镜度数、3 mm区不规则指数、角膜后表面Diff值、年龄、眼压和角膜厚度之间不相关.同一个体双眼的Q值差异无统计学意义,但是男女之间的Q值差异有统计学意义.结论 近视屈光手术人群眼角膜Q值呈近似正态分布,角膜Q值不是一个独立的参数,与眼部多个因素相关.
Abstract:
Objective To study the distribution characters of corneal asphericity (Q-value) in myopia population for corneal laser refractive surgery and the related influencing factors.Methods Six hundred eyes of 300 patients with myopia for corneal laser refractive surgery were enrolled in this study with each patient selected randomly. The K&Q calculator of Orbscan Ⅱz anterior segment system was used to obtain the Q-value of 6 mm optical zone in 300 cases (600 eyes),and statistical analysis was used to comprehend the distribution characters of Q-value and its relations with diopter,cornea curvature and cornea diameter and so on. Results The Q-value of 600 eyes ranged from -0.51-1.03 with the mean value -0.16±0.15.The Q-value showed a negative correlation with cornea curvature, simulated keratometry, irregular index of 5 mm zone, diff value of anterior surface and a positive correlation with anterior chamber depth and cornea diameter, but no relate with spherical diopter,spherical equivalent,astigmatism diopter, irregular index of 3 mm zone, diff value of posterior surface,age, intraocular pressure, cornea thickness. There was no significant difference between right and left eyes individually,but significant differences between men and women.Conclusions The Q-value of 600 eyes of 300 cases are approximately normal distribution.The Q value is not an absolute parameter,it is related with many factors. 相似文献
14.
屈光不正是眼科最常见的眼病之一.成人的屈光不正目前在全球范围内大部分愿意接受角膜屈光手术治疗,包括准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(PRK),准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)以及由此衍变的波阵面像差引导下的LASIK(Wavefront guided-LASIK)、角膜地形图引导下的LASIK(Topography guided LASIK)、化学法上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)、机械法上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(EpiLASIK)、Q值调整的LASIK、前弹力层下LASIK(Sub-Bowman's Keratomileusis,SBK)、飞秒激光辅助制作角膜瓣的LASIK(Femotosecond assistedLASIK)等术式,应用以来在临床上取得了理想的术后效果. 相似文献
15.
目的:探讨翼状胬肉切除术与角膜屈光变化的关系。方法:对4 3例翼状胬肉患者,术前术后经常规视力、角膜曲率及电脑验光检查,并且测量胬肉侵入角膜缘的长度,比较手术前后屈光度的改变。结果:4 6眼角膜曲率检查平均散光,术前为4 .87±2 .81D ,术后一周及一个月分别为3.19±2 .2 3D及2 .74±2 .0 1D ,术后较术前散光减少,差异具有显著性意义(一周时t=2 .5 83,P <0 .0 5 ;一个月时t=3.4 6 ,P <0 .0 1)。胬肉所致角膜散光以顺规性远视散光为主,散光度数与胬肉侵入角膜长度呈正相关。结论:翼状胬肉可引起角膜散光,手术切除可减少散光,提高视力。 相似文献
16.
目的探讨不同方向透明角膜小切口白内障术后对角膜散光的影响。方法我科接受透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的患者共34例,按手术切口方向位于角膜曲率最大子午线方向或位于颞上方及鼻上方分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组,术后比较角膜散光的变化情况。结果两组患者术后随着时间延长,手术角膜散光度均逐渐减小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的角膜散光度均在术后1周时较术前增加最多,但随着时间增加,角膜散光度也逐渐减小。结论采用透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术进行白内障治疗前应根据患者的角膜散光情况特异性选择手术切口方向,即在角膜曲率最大处子午线方向做透明角膜切口。 相似文献
17.
目的:观察小切口白内障术后的屈光状态,探讨其影响因素。方法:回顾性地总结130眼小切口白内障人工晶状体植入术后的屈光状态,对术前检查资料及手术方式进行分类统计,分析术后屈光状态变异的影响因素。结果:术后的屈光状态以散光最多(60/130,46.15%),其次是远视(32/130,24.61%)和近视(28/130,21.53%)。术后屈光度均差术前用B超仪检测组为1.251±0.27,明显大于用A超仪检测组0.58±0.61(P<0.05)。术中切口缝线眼散光度明显高于无切口缝线眼(P<0.001)。结论:术后屈光状态主要是散光,用A超精确测定并减少切口缝线可以降低屈光不正的发生率。 相似文献
18.
斜视会导致远、近立体视功能不同程度的破坏,不同类型的斜视对立体视功能破坏程度不一致。手术是目前改善立体视功能的有效办法,故选择合适的手术时机非常重要,术后也应关注患者双眼立体视功能的修复及重建情况,争取达到功能性治愈。而斜视患者术后立体视功能受斜视类型、患者年龄、病程、术前及术后早期的立体视功能、术后眼位、视功能训练等因素影响。该文就其影响因素进行综述,为选择合适的手术时机及评估立体视功能预后提供参考。 相似文献
19.
目的评价儿童白内障手术治疗的效果并探讨其影响因素。方法回顾性研究年龄3~12岁行白内障摘除联合Ⅰ期人工晶体植入术的25例(41眼)儿童白内障,其中双眼16例,单眼9例,观察其术后视力及合并症情况。结果10例(18眼)BCVA≥0.5,其中双眼患儿8例,单眼2例;13例(20眼)合并斜视;不合并斜视的患儿较合并斜视的患儿视力好(P<0.05)。结论儿童白内障术后部分患者可以获得较好视力;晶状体混浊类型和是否合并斜视是影响视力预后的重要因素。 相似文献
20.
Comparison of visual performance between conventional LASIK and wavefront-guided LASIK with iris-registration 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Background Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) has become an efficient and commonly performed procedure to reduce refractive errors. In order to further increase the postoperative visual quality, the wavefront-guided refractive surgery has been a research hotspot in customized surgery. This study was conducted to compare the visual acuity, higher-order aberration, and contrast sensitivity of wavefront-guided LASIK with iris-registration and conventional LASIK. Methods Two hundred and eleven myopic eyes of 109 patients were enrolled in this prospective study and randomly divided into two groups: the wavefront-guided LASIK (wg LASIK) group (94 eyes) and conventional LASIK group (117 eyes). A Wavescan Wavefront aberrometer was used to analyze Zernike coefficients and the root-mean-square (RMS) of higher order aberrations with 6.0 mm pupil size, and Optec 6500 visual function instrument was used to measure contrast sensitivity (CS) under 5 spatial frequencies before and after surgery in both groups.
Results The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and the mean spherical equivalent (SE) in wg LASIK group were significantly better than those in conventional LASIK (UCVA, z=2.339, P=0.019; SE, t=2.838, P=0.005) at 3 months after surgery. Moreover, the increase in Z3^-3, Z3^1, Z3^3, Z4^0, Z5^-1, Z5^1 Z5^-5 and Z6^-6 in wg LASIK group was statistically smaller than that in conventional LASIK group (P〈0.05). In wg LASIK group, eyes with a higher amount of the preoperative RMS of the higher order aberrations (RMSh≥0.30μm) showed a statistically lower increase (13.5%) than those in conventional LASIK group at 3 months after surgery (33.3%) (P=0.004). And the values of 4th order spherical aberration (4thSA) and the root mean square of 6th order aberration (RMS6) in wg LASIK group were significantly lower than those in conventional group in eyes which had higher preoperative astigmatism (≥1.0D) (4thSA, P=0.03; RMS6, P=0.02). Wg LASIK group showed be 相似文献
Results The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and the mean spherical equivalent (SE) in wg LASIK group were significantly better than those in conventional LASIK (UCVA, z=2.339, P=0.019; SE, t=2.838, P=0.005) at 3 months after surgery. Moreover, the increase in Z3^-3, Z3^1, Z3^3, Z4^0, Z5^-1, Z5^1 Z5^-5 and Z6^-6 in wg LASIK group was statistically smaller than that in conventional LASIK group (P〈0.05). In wg LASIK group, eyes with a higher amount of the preoperative RMS of the higher order aberrations (RMSh≥0.30μm) showed a statistically lower increase (13.5%) than those in conventional LASIK group at 3 months after surgery (33.3%) (P=0.004). And the values of 4th order spherical aberration (4thSA) and the root mean square of 6th order aberration (RMS6) in wg LASIK group were significantly lower than those in conventional group in eyes which had higher preoperative astigmatism (≥1.0D) (4thSA, P=0.03; RMS6, P=0.02). Wg LASIK group showed be 相似文献