肝内胆管癌分型分期与治疗

Objective To investigate the typing, staging and therapeutic outcome of intrahepatic cholan-giocarcinoma (ICC). Methods The clinical data of 60 ICC patients who were admitted to the Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2000 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. ICC was classi-fied according to the type and TNM staging proposed by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ). The relationships between typing, staging, surgical procedures and therapeutic outcome were investigated, as well as the relationship between the LCSGJ staging system and UICC staging system. Results The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals of the 60 ICC patients were 44% (23/52), 19% (10/52) and 10% (5/52), respectively. The median survival time for patients with radical resection (n =30) , liver transplantation (n = 10), palliative surgery (n = 11) and exploratory laparotomy (n=9) were 13, 3, 3 and 1 months, respectively. The radical resection rates for mass-forming type, periductal-infiltrating type, intraductal growth type and mixed type were 23/31, 9/15, 5/6 and 3/8, respectively. There were significant relationships between tumor type, degree of differentiation and prog-nosis (χ2 = 8. 308, 10. 009, P < 0. 05), and between tumor type and lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 13. 261, 5.702, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in survival time between patients with different pathological types, but the prognosis of patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma was better than that in the other types, with a median survival time of 20months. The median survival time of patients in LCSGJ stage Ⅳ was 3. 0 months, which was significantly longer than that in UICC stage Ⅳ (χ2 =3. 877, P <0. 05). Tumor staging was intimately related to the macroscopic type χ2 =8.288, P <0. 05). Conclusions The prognosis of ICC is poor. The typing and staging of LCSGJ is concise and practical, which is helpful in guiding treatment and evaluating progno-sis. Surgical treatment should be applied to mucinous ICC, and liver transplantation is not recommended for the treatment of ICC.     

肝内胆管癌分型分期与治疗

Objective To investigate the typing, staging and therapeutic outcome of intrahepatic cholan-giocarcinoma (ICC). Methods The clinical data of 60 ICC patients who were admitted to the Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2000 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. ICC was classi-fied according to the type and TNM staging proposed by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ). The relationships between typing, staging, surgical procedures and therapeutic outcome were investigated, as well as the relationship between the LCSGJ staging system and UICC staging system. Results The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals of the 60 ICC patients were 44% (23/52), 19% (10/52) and 10% (5/52), respectively. The median survival time for patients with radical resection (n =30) , liver transplantation (n = 10), palliative surgery (n = 11) and exploratory laparotomy (n=9) were 13, 3, 3 and 1 months, respectively. The radical resection rates for mass-forming type, periductal-infiltrating type, intraductal growth type and mixed type were 23/31, 9/15, 5/6 and 3/8, respectively. There were significant relationships between tumor type, degree of differentiation and prog-nosis (χ2 = 8. 308, 10. 009, P < 0. 05), and between tumor type and lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 13. 261, 5.702, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in survival time between patients with different pathological types, but the prognosis of patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma was better than that in the other types, with a median survival time of 20months. The median survival time of patients in LCSGJ stage Ⅳ was 3. 0 months, which was significantly longer than that in UICC stage Ⅳ (χ2 =3. 877, P <0. 05). Tumor staging was intimately related to the macroscopic type χ2 =8.288, P <0. 05). Conclusions The prognosis of ICC is poor. The typing and staging of LCSGJ is concise and practical, which is helpful in guiding treatment and evaluating progno-sis. Surgical treatment should be applied to mucinous ICC, and liver transplantation is not recommended for the treatment of ICC.     

肝门部胆管癌预后因素分析

目的 探讨影响肝门部胆管癌的预后因素.方法 回顾性分析1996年1月至2007年5月中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的204例肝门门部胆管癌患者的临床资料.生存时间用中位数表示,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,行Log-rank检验,对17个可能影响预后的因素进行单因素分析,有统计学意义的单因素再采用Cox回归模型进行多因素分析.结果 根治性切除中位生存时间为37个月,姑息性切除为18个月,胆道探查置管引流为11个月,剖腹探查为5个月,肝移植为25个月,五者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=58.300,P<0.05).肿瘤最长径、门静脉或肝动脉侵犯、局部浸润、残端情况、肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、手术方式对预后有影响(χ2=6.541,8.159,5.837,4.365,13.748,5.346,9.472,P<0.05).Cox回归模型多因素分析表明手术方式、肿瘤细胞分化程度是影响预后的独立因素(b=0.287,0.320,P<0.05).结论 根治性切除是肝门部胆管癌最重要的预后因素,合理的围手术期处理能提高患者的生存率.     

直肠癌根治性切除术后局部复发的再手术治疗

目的 探讨对直肠癌根治性切除术后局部复发(LRRC)患者采用再手术治疗的效果和影响患者预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析1998年11月至2005年4月北京大学临床肿瘤学院收治的43例LRRC患者采用再手术治疗的临床资料,统计患者术后5年生存率、手术并发症发生率、围手术期死亡率,并用Kaplan-Meier法计算术后生存率,采用单因素分析和Cox回归模型对预后因素进行分析.结果 43例患者中35例行根治性切除,8例行姑息性切除或单纯造口术.手术并发症发生率为26%(11/43),围手术期死亡率为2%(1/43),术后5年生存率为9%(4/43).单因素分析显示,再手术方式选用根治性切除、原发肿瘤为TNM Ⅱ期、复发时间<24个月、CEA水平在正常范围的患者能获得较好的预后(χ~2=21.30,14.17,5.93,5.53,P<0.05).多因素分析中仅显示再次手术方式和原发肿瘤TNM分期是影响LRRC患者预后的独立因素(χ~2=8.89,6.96,P<0.05).结论 对于TNM分期较早的LRRC患者行根治性切除,其预后较好.     

肝癌肝移植术后复发转移的综合治疗

目的 探讨肝癌肝移植术后复发、转移的综合治疗效果,并分析影响肝癌复发、转移后生存时间的危险因素.方法 29例肝癌肝移植术后复发、转移患者,根据不同治疗方式分为综合治疗组(11例)和单纯化疗组(18例).比较两种治疗方式疗效,采用多元回归分析影响肝癌复发、转移后生存时间的因素.结果 与单纯化疗组比较,综合治疗组复发、转移后生存时间明显延长(t=5.617,P<0.01).肿瘤TNM分期,病理分型,术后复发、转移时间和复发后治疗方案影响患者的生存时间(t=2.843,3.061,22.781,5.617,P<0.01).结论 对肝癌肝移植术后复发、转移患者采取综合治疗,可延长患者生存时间,较单纯化疗优越.肿瘤TNM分期,病理分型,术后复发、转移时间和复发后治疗方案是影响复发、转移后患者生存时间的危险因素.     

肝内胆管细胞癌淋巴结转移与预后的关系

目的 探讨淋巴结转移对肝内胆管细胞癌（ICC）患者预后的影响。方法 对随访到的132例自1996年12月至2003年6月在我院手术治疗的ICC患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,采用Kaplan-meier法对确定的单因素进行生存率分析,采用χ^2检验对各样本率之间进行比较,采用Logistic回归进行多因素分析,采用Log-rank法对单因素进行生存分析评价。结果 肝十二指肠韧带淋巴结转移出现在所有术前29例以及术后48例淋巴结转移患者中,未发现“跳跃式”淋巴结转移。随访到的58例已死亡患者中,有36例经证实死于淋巴结转移,淋巴结转移是ICC患者术后主要死亡原因之一。Logistic回归统计学分析显示,肿瘤分化程度（χ^2=4．071,P=0．044）以及浸润型胆管细胞癌与淋巴结转移的发生密切相关（χ^2=3．872,P=0．037）。98例行根治性手术患者中,46例行淋巴结清扫与52例未行淋巴结清扫患者中位生存期分别为20个月和13个月,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=9．82,P〈0．01）。结论 肝十二指肠韧带淋巴结可能为ICC的前哨淋巴结。对肝十二指肠韧带淋巴结转移的预防和积极治疗,可望提高ICC患者的生存率。     

肝移植治疗混合细胞型肝癌21例临床分析

目的 探讨肝移植治疗混合细胞型肝癌的疗效以及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析原位肝移植治疗的21例混合细胞型肝癌患者以及非肝移植治疗的8例临床及病理资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算肝移植术后患者累积生存率和无瘤生存率,Log-Rank检验行单因素分析,COX回归多因素分析预测影响预后的临床因素.结果 肝移植组21例患者术后围手术期生存率100％.术后生存时间1～ 103个月,中位生存时间23个月.术后无瘤生存时间3～ 103个月,中位无瘤生存时间15个月.1年、2年、3年、5年总体累积生存率分别为69％、58％、38％和38％,累积无瘤生存率分别为63％、52％、38％和38％.非肝移植组生存时间1～11个月,中位生存时间6个月,6个月生存率为50％,1年生存率为0.单因素分析显示,术前伴有肝硬化、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、门静脉肉眼癌栓及Allen分型为混杂型可能是预后不良的影响因素(P＜0.05).多因素分析提示,淋巴结转移、门静脉肉眼癌栓为影响预后的独立因素(P＜0.05).结论 肝移植是治疗混合细胞型肝癌的一种有效方法,严格筛选适应证可有效降低肿瘤复发转移的风险并延长生存期.     

不同淋巴结转移状态下肝内胆管细胞癌的外科治疗及预后分析

目的分析总结肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)不同N分期、外科治疗、淋巴结清扫范围及联合放化疗对其预后的影响。方法回顾性分析SEER数据库内4555例ICC患者的临床资料及随访结果。包括N0期患者3710例,N1患者845例,所有患者包括完整的TNM分期信息、生存时间及生存状态信息、手术相关信息及放化疗信息。以Kaplan-Meier法描述生存曲线,共描述120个月的生存情况,应用Log-rank检验法进行假设检验,观察不同N分期ICC患者总体预后差异,以及不同手术方式、是否清扫淋巴结、术后是否进行放化疗对不同N分期ICC患者预后的影响。偏态分布的计量资料用中位数(M)表示,计数资料用百分数(%)表示。结果N1期患者中位生存时间12个月,N0期患者中位生存时间15个月。在N0期患者中,未行手术的患者中位生存时间8个月,局部肿瘤毁损的患者中位生存时间26个月,手术切除的患者中位生存时间45~59个月;在N1期患者中,未行手术的患者中位生存时间9个月,局部肿瘤毁损的患者中位生存时间26个月,手术切除的患者中位生存时间14~22个月。N0期患者中,未进行淋巴结清扫的患者中位生存时间37个月,进行淋巴结清扫的患者中位生存时间46~55个月;N1期患者中,未进行淋巴结清扫的患者中位生存时间26个月,进行淋巴结清扫的患者中位生存时间18~20个月。N0期患者中,不进行联合放化疗的患者中位生存时间41~42个月,进行联合放化疗的患者中位生存时间43~46个月;N1期患者中,不进行联合放化疗的患者中位生存时间10~17个月,进行联合放化疗的患者中位生存时间23个月。结论ICC中N1期患者预后明显差于N0期患者,手术是治疗ICC的有效手段,同时应积极推荐常规清扫淋巴结,推荐N1期患者进行联合放化疗。     

改良T分期系统在肝门部胆管癌诊断和治疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨改良T分期系统在肝门部胆管癌诊断和治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析1995年12月至2010年1月中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院收治的95例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料,根据影像学检查结果,按照改良T分期系统标准进行术前分期.比较不同T分期患者的手术疗效和预后.计数资料组间比较采用x2检验和Fisher确切概率法,生存曲线采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制,生存情况比较采用Log-rank检验.结果 超声联合MRCP检查的确诊率为93％ (37/40),超声联合CT或螺旋CT检查的确诊率为66％ (23/35),超声联合CT或螺旋CT和ERCP检查的确诊率为14/15,超声联合CT或螺旋CT和MRCP检查的确诊率为15/15.95例肝门部胆管癌患者中,44例行手术治疗(根治性切除术28例、姑息性切除术16例),35例行单纯性内外引流术,16例行剖腹探查.其中T1、T2、T3期患者肿瘤切除率分别为71％(30/42)、50％ (12/24)和7％(2/29),3者比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=30.182,P＜0.05).T1、T2期患者的切缘阴性率分别为77％ (23/30)和5/12,T3期的2例患者切缘均发现癌细胞残留,3期患者根治性切除率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=8.204,P＜0.05).44例行手术治疗的患者中,联合肝切除率为68％ (30/44);T1、T2期患者联合肝切除率分别为70％ (21/30)、9/12,两者比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.101,P＞0.05);单纯肿瘤切除率为32％ (14/44).两者的并发症发生率分别为53％ (16/30)和5/14,围手术期病死率分别为10％(3/30)和1/14,上述指标比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.188,0.094,P＞0.05).联合肝切除的患者中位生存时间为29个月,长于单纯肿瘤切除患者的19个月(x2 =11.317,P＜0.05).本组患者随访率为91％(86/95),中位随访时间为15.6个月(3～ 70个月).T1、T2、T3期患者的1年累积生存率分别为73.8％、58.0％和9.2％,3年累积生存率分别为33.5％、12.1％和0;T1、T2、T3期患者的中位生存时间分别为24、16、7个月;随着T分期增加,患者预后变差(x2 =37.07,P＜0.05).结论 改良T分期系统对肝门部胆管癌患者有较好的术前评估作用,联合肝切除有利于提高患者根治性切除率和延长术后生存时间.     

胆囊癌患者预后的多因素分析

目的 探讨影响胆囊癌患者预后的独立因素.方法 回顾性总结103例胆囊癌患者的病例资料,并通过Cox回归模型进行多因素分析.结果 全组103例均获随访,随访时间为3～82个月.平均(23.17±17.98)个月.全组患者平均生存时间为(19.57±18.42)个月,1,3,5年生存率分别为55.0%,25.0%和8.0%.单因素分析示血清CA19.9水平、总胆红素水平、腹部包块、肿瘤TNM分级、Nevin分期、UICC分期、肿瘤细胞分化程度、神经、淋巴管、血管浸润、肝十二指肠韧带侵犯、肝转移、手术方式、腹腔转移、邻近脏器侵犯与胆囊癌生存率显著相关(P均<0.05).经Cox多因素回归分析,按照其作用强度得出影响胆囊癌患者生存时间的独立预后因素依次为:UICC分期、手术方式、肿瘤淋巴管浸润和肝十二指肠韧带侵犯.结论 UICC分期、手术方式、肿瘤淋巴管浸润和肝十二指肠韧带侵犯是胆囊癌患者的独立预后因素.     

Staging of hepatocellular carcinoma: assessment of the Japanese TNM and AJCC/UICC TNM systems in a cohort of 13,772 patients in Japan

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to present evidence to develop and validate the Japanese Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging system for primary liver cancer and to compare its discriminatory ability and predictive power with those of Vauthey's simplified staging, which was adopted as the TNM staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/International Union Against Cancer (UICC). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Among many staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma, the Japanese TNM staging system and the AJCC/UICC staging system were developed based on a survival analysis of surgical patients. These 2 staging systems have not been compared in large series. METHODS: The Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ) prospectively collected clinicopathologic data of 63,736 patients with primary liver cancer from 1995 to 2001. Among them, 13,772 patients received curative hepatic resection. Based on univariate and multivariate survival analyses, the Japanese TNM staging system was developed. The accuracy of the Japanese TNM staging system for predicting patient survival was compared with that of the AJCC/UICC staging system using the cross-validation method. RESULTS: The independent prognostic factors (relative risk; 95% confidence interval) were vascular or bile duct invasion (1.36;1.29-1.43), liver cirrhosis (1.26;1.20-1.32), diameter (< or =2 cm or >2 cm) (1.21;1.14-1.28), alpha-fetoprotein (1.20;1.15-1.25), single/multiple (1.18;1.12-1.23), liver damage (1.15;1.10-1.20), hepatic involvement (1.14;1.09-1.19), histologic differentiation (1.14;1.08-1.20), gross classification (1.13;1.08-1.18), and esophageal varices (1.07;1.02-1.13). Based on these results, 3 criteria (vascular or bile duct invasion, diameter, and single/multiple) were selected. Patients with none of these 3 factors were considered T1, and those with 1, 2, and 3 factors were T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The number of patients and 5-year survival rates for T1, T2, T3, and T4 were 2078, 70%; 6853, 58%; 3021, 41%; and 582, 24% (P < 0.0001), respectively, while those for the AJCC-T were 8457, 61% in T1, 2888, 46% in T2, and 1189, 30% in T3 (P < 0.0001). While both the LCSGJ-T and the AJCC-T had good discriminating ability, the former was significantly superior (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the development of LCSG stage. While both staging systems allow for the clear stratification of patients into prognostic groups, the LCSGJ staging may be more appropriate for stratifying patients with early-stage HCC.     

ⅠB期非小细胞肺癌不同亚组的预后研究

目的探讨ⅠB期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)不同亚组的预后因素。 方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2013年12月间在福建医科大学附属协和医院胸外科接受手术切除的138例ⅠB期NSCLC患者的临床和随访资料。基于国际抗癌联盟(UICC)第七版肺癌分期,再根据肿瘤大小和脏层胸膜受侵情况,将患者细分为3组。ⅠB-a组：肿瘤直径≤3cm且脏层胸膜受侵;ⅠB-b组：3cm<肿瘤直径≤5cm且无脏层胸膜受侵;ⅠB-c组：3cm<肿瘤最大径≤5cm且脏层胸膜受侵。运用Kaplan-Meier生存分析和Cox比例风险模型,对影响NSCLC预后的因素进行分析。 结果ⅠB期NSCLC患者3年总体生存率为88.1%,其中ⅠB-a组75例,ⅠB-b组32例,ⅠB-c组31例,3年生存率分别为92.0%、90.6%和74.1%,3组生存率比较差异有统计学意义(χ²＝6.784,P＝0.034)。单因素分析显示,无论患者的性别(χ²＝0.103,P＝0.567)、年龄(χ²＝2.463,P＝0.117)、手术切除方式(χ²＝0.809,P＝0.368)、是否接受术后辅助化疗(χ²＝0.077,P＝0.791),还是肿瘤的位置(χ²＝0.091,P＝0.674)、脏层胸膜是否受侵犯(χ²＝0.085,P＝0.771)均无统计学意义,而肿瘤大小(χ²＝13.937,P＝0.007)和分化程度(χ²＝21.198,P＝0.000)均有统计学意义。进一步多因素分析显示,只有肿瘤低分化(RR＝0.027,95%CI为0.065～0.666,P＝0.003)和中分化(RR＝1.627,95%CI为1.020～2.597,P＝0.008)有统计学意义。 结论ⅠB期NSCLC不同亚组的3年生存率存在统计学差异,TNM分期对ⅠB期的定义可能仍有待改进。肿瘤大小及分化程度是影响患者3年生存率的重要因素,肿瘤中低分化是影响患者3年生存率的独立因素,而术后辅助化疗无影响,该结论有待进一步证实。     

A Proposed Staging System for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/International Union Against Cancer (UICC) staging system for liver cancer is based on data exclusively derived from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and thus may be inappropriate for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We sought to empirically derive an ICC staging system from population-based data on patients with ICC. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify 598 patients who underwent surgery for ICC between 1988 and 2004. The discriminative abilities of the AJCC/UICC liver cancer and two Japanese ICC staging systems were evaluated. Independent predictors of survival were identified using Cox proportional hazards models. A staging system for ICC was then derived based on these analyses. The AJCC/UICC T classification system failed to adequately stratify the T2 and T3 cohorts due to tumor size >5 cm not being a relevant prognostic factor [hazard ratio (HR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–1.30]. In contrast, presence of multiple lesions (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.01–2.01) or vascular invasion (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.10–2.12) predicted adverse prognosis. Based on these findings, an ICC staging system was developed that omits tumor size. This system showed no loss of prognostic discrimination compared with the AJCC/UICC system and significant superiority over the Japanese systems. We conclude that the AJCC/UICC liver cancer staging system fails to stratify ICC patients adequately and inappropriately includes tumor size. We propose a staging system specifically developed for ICC based on number of tumors, vascular invasion, lymph node status, and presence of metastatic disease. Presented at the Society of Surgical Oncology 61st Annual Cancer Symposium, March 14, 2008, Chicago, IL.     

104例肿块型肝内胆管细胞癌病人的临床病理特征、诊断和外科治疗研究

目的分析外科手术治疗后的肝内胆管细胞癌病人临床病理特征与生存时间的相关性。方法从1996年11月至2000年5月共有104例肝内胆管细胞癌病人接受手术治疗。对其临床资料进行归纳,并随访调查。成功回访79例(76·0%)。对16个临床病理因素(年龄、性别、慢性肝病史、HBsAg携带、手术方式、辅助治疗、腹水、淋巴结转移、邻近器官侵犯、肿瘤大小、肿瘤坏死、肿瘤包膜、肝内转移、TNM分期、组织学分级、肝硬化)进行了单因素和多因素相关分析,以了解它们对治疗预后的影响。结果79例病人的1,3,5年生存率分别为49·4%,17·3%和9·6%。单因素相关分析显示性别(P=0·0221),HBsAg携带(P=0·0115),手术方式(P=0·0042),辅助治疗(P=0·0389),腹水(P=0·0001),临近器官侵犯(P=0·0220),肝内转移(P=0·0000),TNM分期(P=0·0001)与生存时间相关。多因素分析表明HBsAg携带、腹水和TNM分期与预后显著相关。结论早期诊断和早期治疗以及规则性肝切除是改善肝内胆管细胞癌外科治疗效果的关键因素。     

Analysis of the relationships between clinicopathologic factors and survival time in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: This study elucidated the relationships between various clinicopathologic factors and the outcome of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) treated by hepatic resection. METHODS: A total of 37 ICC patients were treated by hepatic resection in our department between March 1979 and March 2001. Eleven clinicopathological variables (age, sex, preoperative jaundice, operative curability, number of tumors, UICC [Union Internationale Contre le Cancer] pT factor, UICC pN factor, UICC pM factor, histological tumor type, 10-year period during which they initially examined, and adjuvant therapy) were selected for univariate and multivariate analysis to evaluate their influence on the outcome. RESULTS: The actuarial 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates in the 37 resected cases were 54.1%, 34.0%, and 23.9%, respectively. The stage of the ICC influenced their overall survival rate. The univariate analysis revealed that curative resection (P = 0.0018), UICC pT factor (P = 0.0445), pN factor (P = 0.0029), pM factor (P = 0.0022), and histological type (P = 0.0030) were significant risk factors for survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that noncurative resection, lymph node metastasis, and less differentiated histological type were significant risk factors for poor outcome. All 6 of the 37 patients who survived more than 5 years had undergone curative resection, all of their tumors were well differentiated, and none had lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Curative surgical resection remains the only effective approach to the treatment of ICC. Extensive resection is not indicated if lymph node metastasis can be identified preoperatively or intraoperatively. Current adjuvant therapy is ineffective, and it will be necessary to assess the efficacy of new adjuvant therapy strategies or the addition of new agents in terms of the outcome of ICC.     

结直肠癌术前肝动脉联合区域动脉灌注化疗对肿瘤增殖凋亡的影响

目的 探讨结直肠癌术前肝动脉联合区域动脉灌注化疗(PHRAIC)对肿瘤增殖凋亡的影响. 方法 将2001年6月至2007年6月收治的509例Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期结直肠癌患者随机分成PHRAIC组(n=256)和对照组(n=253),评价两组术前和术后组织标本的坏死程度、Ki67、P16、Bax、bel-2、survivin、凋亡率和细胞周期. 结果 两组一般临床资料无统计学差异.PHRAIC组术前标本的各项评价与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).PHRAIC组介入前后标本坏死程度3级者分别为3.1%和22.7%,4级者分别为0和13.5%(P<0.05);Ki67标记指数介入前后分别为48.6±17.1和38.4±13.3(P<0.05);BAX、bel-2和sttrvivin过表达率分别为48.0%和77.0%、75.0%和43.0%、52.0%和31.6%(P<0.05);凋亡率分别为4.3%±2.2%和16.7%±6.4%(P<0.05);PHRAIC组介入后病理标本S期比例为21.8%±10.7%,低于介入前的42.1%±11.2%(P<0.05);G0-G1的比例为57.1%±18.1%,高于介入前的35.1%±12.1%(P<0.05).所有患者均获得随访,平均随访(42±14)个月.PHRAIC组和对照组Ⅲ期患者术后5年肝转移率分别为18.9%和27.3%,转移复发率分别为26.3%和38.0%,总生存率分别为81.0%和60.4%,中位生存期分别为45和40个月,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组Ⅱ期患者间上述指标间无明显差异. 结论 术前肝动脉联合区域动脉灌注化疗可抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,促进凋亡,降低Ⅲ期结直肠癌患者术后肝转移的发生率,延长生存期.     

自体血注射联合吲哚美辛巴布膏治疗顽固性网球肘的临床疗效观察

目的观察自体血注射联合吲哚美辛巴布膏治疗顽固性网球肘的临床疗效。方法顽固性网球肘患者90例,采用数字表法将90例患者随机分为观察组(45例,自体血注射联合吲哚美辛巴布膏)和对照组(45例,局部封闭)。观察两组患者治疗前及治疗后不同时期疼痛程度和肘关节功能变化。采用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Mayo肘关节功能评分(Mayo elbow performance score,MEPS)和Nirschl分级评分评定治疗效果。结果观察组治疗后VAS评分、Nirschl分级评分和MEPS评分T1、T2和T3与治疗前T0比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组治疗后VAS评分T1、T2与治疗前T0比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Nirschl分级评分T1和T2与治疗前T0比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);MEPS评分T1与治疗前T0比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后VAS评分、Nirschl分级评分和MEPS评分T2、T3与对照组T2、T3比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两组患者近期疗效均稳定,自体血注射联合吲哚美辛巴布膏治疗顽固性网球肘的中远期疗效明显优于局部封闭治疗。     

CK19评估肝细胞肝癌淋巴结转移预后的价值

目的：探讨伴淋巴结转移（lymph node metastasis,LNM）的肝细胞肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）的病理分类及临床治疗意义。方法：应用组织芯片和免疫组化等方法,分析HCC组织中胆管细胞表型指标CK19的表达情况及其与临床病理因素、LNM发生及总体预后的关系。结果：47例伴LNM的HCC癌组织中,CK19表达显著高于125例不伴LNM的HCC癌组织,分别为27.7%和5.6%（P〈0.001）。Logistic回归分析发现CK19和LCSGJ（LiverCancerStudyGroupofJapan）肿瘤分期均是影响LNM发生的独立危险因素（OR：5.106,95%CI：1.789～14.568,P=0.002;OR：2.293,95%CI：1.474～3.566,P〈0.001）。CK19阳性和阴性表达组病人的中位生存期分别为7.7个月和21.7个月（P=0.013）,生存分析发现CK19是影响伴LNM的HCC病人总体生存率的独立危险因素。结论：CK19表达和LCSGJ肿瘤分期是HCC病人出现LNM的独立危险因素,CK19表达是影响伴LNM的HCC病人术后总体生存的独立危险因素。伴LNM的HCC可分为不同病理类型及预后的伴肝内胆管细胞癌（intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC）分化特征的HCC（CK19阳性）和高肿瘤分期的HCC（CK19阴性）,此分类可指导临床治疗。     

食管癌与贲门癌患者术前内镜超声检查28例分析

目的 通过对比内镜超声及CT在食管癌、贲门癌术前进行T、N分期中的准确度,评价内镜超声的临床应用价值. 方法 对28例食管癌、贲门患者术前均行内镜超声扫描和CT扫描,并分别进行T、N分期,以术后病理为金标准,比较两者分期的准确性有无差异,同时对比两者对淋巴结转移的准确率(即真实性)的差异,判断内镜超声的应用价值. 结果 本组28例病例中,T分期准确率内镜超声为89.3%(25/28),高于CT的46.4%(13/28),差异有统计学意义(P=0.004,P＜0.01).N分期中,内镜超声与CT的准确率分别为82.1%(23/28)及50.0%(14/28),差异有统计学意义(P=0.035,P＜0.05).对转移淋巴结的分组统计中,内镜超声与CT的准确率分别为88.7%及72.2%,有显著性差异(χ2=7.031,P=0.008,P＜0.01).结论 内镜超声在食管癌、贲门癌术前分期中有重要作用,其T分期准确率明显高于传统CT扫描.以淋巴结短径、S/L(淋巴结短径/淋巴结长径)并结合淋巴结的超声显像特征进行分析,提高了判断淋巴结转移以及N分期的准确性.     

胆囊癌Nevin分期与AJCC分期的临床应用价值比较

目的 比较Nevin、AJCC两种胆囊癌分期方法的临床应用价值. 方法回顾性分析2000年2月至2006年10月手术治疗的胆囊癌患者90例的临床资料,按两种分期方法评估不同分期的术后生存率、肿瘤切除率、切缘阴性率和术式选择情况.计数资料采用X2检验. 结果随Nevin、AJCC分期增加,患者术后生存率、肿瘤切除率、切缘阴性率显著下降(P<0.05).Nevin Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期患者中切除术与根治术的生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Ⅴ期患者根治术、扩大根治术的生存率显著高于切除术、引流术、活检术者(P<0.05).AJCC Ⅲ期患者中根治术生存率显著高于切除术、引流术、活检术者(P<0.05),Ⅳ期生存率各术式之间差异尤统计学意义(P>0.05).52例AJCCⅢ期、Ⅳ期按Nevin分期均为Ⅴ期,AJCC Ⅲ期生存率显著高于Ⅳ期(P=0.0001),Ⅲ期切除率显著高于Ⅳ期(P=0.001),Ⅲ期行根治性手术者显著高于Ⅳ期(P=0.001),Ⅳ期行引流术、活检术者显著高于Ⅲ期(P=0.001).结论 Nevin分期与AJCC分期均能较好的评估患者预后及手术的可切除性、切缘阴性率、术式选择.AJCC分期对晚期胆囊癌的划分较Nevin分期更科学.