泪道激光成形术与探通术治疗先天性泪道阻塞的比较

目的探讨先天性泪道阻塞的激光成形术与传统探通术效果比较。方法应用Nd：YAG泪道激光治疗仪击射鼻泪管阻塞处,抗菌素冲洗至畅通,探通组常规探通后加压冲洗。结果激光组66眼,一次治愈64眼占96．97%；探通组70眼,一次治愈58眼占82．86%。二者比较P＜0．05,差异有显著性。结论激光泪道成形术一次成功率高,对治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞是行之有效的方法。     

泪道激光联合新型泪道支架植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞

目的：探讨Nd:YAG激光联合新型泪道支架植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞的疗效。 方法：鼻泪管阻塞者26例29眼在激光泪道疏通后,植入新型泪道支架。术后定期冲洗泪道。 结果：随访9～12mo,治愈22眼,好转5眼,总有效率93％。无效2眼（7％）。 结论：泪道激光联合新型泪道支架治疗鼻泪管阻塞操作安全简便,对组织损伤小,是治疗鼻泪管阻塞、慢性泪囊炎的有效方法。     

Nd：YAG激光联合置管术治疗泪道阻塞

目的探讨Nd：YAG激光联合置管术治疗泪道阻塞的效果。方法用带针芯的泪道探针探查泪道至阻塞处,拔出针芯,将Nd：YAG激光导光纤维插至泪道阻塞处,发射激光至疏通为止,采用直径1mm硅胶管自下或上泪点经鼻泪管固定于鼻腔中。结果采用此方法治疗各种泪道阻塞96眼。治愈92眼,好转3眼,1眼无效,治愈率为95．83％。结论Nd：YAG激光联合置管术是治疗泪道阻塞的有效方法。     

婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的综合治疗

目的探讨应用抗生素眼液滴眼加泪囊区按摩法、泪道加压冲洗法、鼻泪管探通术综合治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的临床应用价值及治疗效果.方法回顾自2000年11月～2005年5月在我院眼科门诊治疗的382例(419眼)婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的病历资料,首诊年龄3d～6y.根据患者年龄和症状分别采用抗生素眼液滴眼加泪囊区按摩法、泪道加压冲洗法、鼻泪管探通术的综合治疗进行处理,并随访6个月以上.以无泪溢,眼无分泌物,泪道冲洗通畅或极少返流为治愈标准.结果综合治疗治愈率97.1%,其中5.5%为抗生素眼液滴眼加泪囊区按摩法治愈,11.2%为泪道加压冲洗法治愈,80.4%鼻泪管探通术治愈.2.9%的病例未愈,2.3%病例发生并发症.结论综合治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞是行之有效且风险较小的一种治疗方法.(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2006,6:97～98)     

先天性鼻汨管阻塞的临床治疗

目的探讨先天性鼻泪管阻塞的不同治疗方法和时机。方法回顾分析了735例837眼在复旦大学附属儿科医院诊断为先天性鼻泪管阻塞的患儿,平均首诊年龄4.5个月。根据首诊年龄依次采用保守治疗、加压泪道冲洗和泪道探通法。随访3～16个月,平均6.4个月,以溢泪症状完全消失作为治愈指标。结果保守治疗法治疗837眼,治愈123眼,治愈率14.7;加压泪道冲洗法治疗714眼,治愈181眼,治愈率25.4;泪道探通法治疗533眼,治愈518眼,治愈率97.2.早期探通(≤6个月龄组)一次成功率为87.7;后期探通(>6个月龄组)一次成功率为56.6.结论泪道探通法治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞安全有效,最佳干预时机为4～6个月龄。     

泪道内窥镜下泪道疏通联合全泪道置管治疗泪道系统多点阻塞的临床观察

目的探讨泪道内窥镜下泪道疏通联合全泪道置管治疗泪道系统多点阻塞的临床疗效。方法对46例(50只眼)鼻泪管阻塞合并上泪道阻塞(含泪小点、泪小管和泪总管阻塞)患者进行泪道内窥镜检查及治疗,并联合全泪道置管,拔管后随诊3～6月个月,观察疗效。结果 50只眼中31只眼治愈,无溢泪,泪道冲洗通畅;14只眼好转,轻微溢泪,泪道冲洗通而不畅;5只眼无效,仍流泪,泪道冲洗不通。总有效率90%。结论泪道内窥镜下泪道疏通联合全泪道置管是治疗泪道系统多点阻塞安全有效的治疗方法。     

泪道激光联合置管术治疗泪道阻塞性疾病的疗效观察

目的: 观察激光联合泪道置管治疗泪道阻塞性疾病疗效。方法: 泪道阻塞性疾病患者79例96眼,27眼(22眼泪小管、泪总管阻塞,5眼泪小管合并鼻泪管阻塞)行激光联合泪道引流管植入术;69眼(27眼鼻泪管阻塞,42眼慢性泪囊炎)行激光联合鼻泪管支架植入术。术后给予激素、抗生素眼药水点眼1wk,泪道引流管术后3～6mo顺利拔管,鼻泪管支架,4wk拔管,所有患者随访12mo。结果: 泪道引流管,鼻泪管支架取出后随访12mo,泪溢消失者79眼,泪溢好转者10眼,无效者7眼,泪溢但无脓,总有效率为93%,显效率82%。结论: 根据泪道阻塞部位选择泪道激光联合不同硅胶管植入是治疗泪道阻塞性疾病简便有效的方法,值得在基层医院推广。     

KTP泪道激光成形术治疗泪道阻塞10a回顾分析

目的:回顾研究10a来KTP激光泪道成形术治疗各种泪道阻塞的临床效果。方法:采用KTP激光泪道治疗机,患眼局部常规消毒后,充分扩张泪小点,用带针芯的泪道探针由泪小点插至泪道阻塞处,拔出针芯,将KTP激光导光纤维插至泪道阻塞处,激发激光至泪道阻塞处疏通,并同时接冲左氧氟沙星液,术后隔日泪道冲洗。结果:采用此方法治疗各种泪道阻塞766例870眼,9眼未疏通,疏通率为99.0%。42例溢泪症状再现,泪道冲洗不通畅术后6mo后再阻塞,复打激光者42例42眼,复打率为4.8%;其中36例36眼再次激光无效。825眼一次性疏通,术后泪道冲洗通畅,溢泪症状消失或明显减轻,治愈率为94.8%。结论:KTP激光泪道成形术是目前治疗泪道阻塞损伤性小、治愈率高、效果快捷的治疗方法。     

探针式泪道冲洗针治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞

目的观察探针式泪道冲洗针治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的临床疗效。方法对83例（86眼）先天性鼻泪管阻塞的婴幼儿用探针式泪道冲洗针冲洗探通治疗进行观察分析。结果83例（86眼）先天性鼻泪管阻塞，全部探通治愈，其中1次探通治愈78眼（90．70％），2次探通治愈6眼（6．98％），3次探通治愈2眼（2．32％）。无1例出现假道或下泪点撕裂，无并发急性泪囊炎。结论厢探针式泪道冲洗针冲洗探通治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞是有效的方法。     

激光联合不同硅胶管植入治疗不同部位泪道阻塞的疗效

目的：：观察激光联合新型一次性使用泪道再通管( RS型)或泪道扩张引流管(鼻泪管)治疗不同部位泪道阻塞疾病的疗效。方法：针对2011-01/2013-12我院548例657眼泪道阻塞患者,其中泪小管(含泪总管)阻塞患者236例298眼,采用KTP激光联合泪道再通管( RS型)植入术;鼻泪管阻塞患者312例359眼,采用KTP激光联合泪道扩张引流管(鼻泪管)植入术,术后坚持泪道冲洗,手术3 mo后拔除支架,以拔管后3 mo冲洗泪道情况及患者自觉溢泪情况作为评定标准。结果：泪小管(或泪总管)阻塞的患者行KTP激光联合新型RS型泪道再通管植入术,其中治愈248眼,好转33眼,无效17眼;鼻泪管阻塞的患者行KTP激光联合泪道扩张引流管植入术,其中治愈301眼,好转19眼,无效39眼。有效601眼,总有效率91.5％。结论：泪道阻塞患者治疗过程中需制定个性化治疗方案,针对泪道不同部位阻塞激光联合不同硅胶管植入经临床观察疗效肯定,可作为基层医院泪道阻塞患者首选治疗方式。     

Treatment of retinal detachment of the course of retinopathy of prematurity

Cryo- and laser therapy of stage 3 have reduced, but not eliminated the occurrence of retinal detachment in stages 4a, 4b and 5 of ROP. In this disease the treatment of these stages is still the greatest challenge to the ophthalmologist. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present our up-to-date possibilities of treatment of different kinds of retinal detachments in ROP, including segmental scleral buckling, encircling scleral buckling, scleral resection, vitrectomy and its modifications in ROP. Guidelines of surgery of retinal detachment in active stage 4 and 5 of retinopathy of prematurity have been described.     

Analysis of some of the possible neonatal risk factors of development of retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate some of the possible risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with laser photocoagulation or cryocoagulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 71 preterm infants with ROP needing treatment and 118 prematures without ROP or with ROP requiring no treatment, as a control group. All infants were born with gestational age < or = 32 weeks and birth weight < or = 1500g. The perinatal variables, including some of clinical data, the length of mechanical ventilation as well as continous positive airway pressure (CPAP), duration of total parenteral nutrition and some of laboratory data were analyzed, to evaluate their correlation with the development of ROP. RESULTS: Gestational age before 28 weeks (OR = 5.11), episodes of convulsiones (OR = 2.15), mechanical ventilation for more than 20 days (OR = 5.86) and > 30 days (OR = 7.47), CPAP for more than 5 days (OR = 4.15) and > 10 days (OR = 2.84), total parenteral nutrition for more than 10 days (OR = 7.84) and > 20 days (OR = 9.02) and elevated peak of alanine aminotransferase (AIAT) levels (OR = 3.17) were significant risk factors for ROP requiring treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The opthalmic examination for retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser photocoagulation or cryocoagulation should be obligatory for prematures born < or = 32 weeks of gestational age, with birth weight < or = 1500 g.The frequency of the consecutive ophthalmic examinations depends on the severity of prematurity and on the presence and intensification of the risk factors for ROP.     

角膜曲率的分析

目的：探讨我国人角膜曲率半径的正常值及不同性别、不同年龄的角膜曲率半径差异。方法：对10998只眼的角膜曲率进行检测，并按男、女10岁一组进行统计分析。结果：（1）K1为7.65mm,K2为7.71mm，平均K值为7.67mm。较眼科学正常值K:7.77mm短0.1mm。（2）K的平均值男性较女性的长0.1155mm。且女性各年龄段角膜曲率半径均男性的有不同程度的减短。（3）男女均随年龄的增长，角膜曲率半径大致呈递减趋势，即：角膜曲率半径与年龄成反比关系。（４）男女K1,K2之比，均随年龄增长而增长，即K1逐渐增长而增长，即　K1值逐渐增长，K2逐渐减短。结论：本文测定的角膜曲率较眼科文献中的提供的正常值短0.1mm，并且存在着年龄、性别上的差异。     

艾滋病眼部并发症的资料分析

目的:通过调查分析,了解艾滋病眼部并发症的临床表现、治疗及预后。方法:收集赞比亚卡布韦总医院眼科2008-08/2009-08就诊患者。结果:艾滋病眼部并发症症状重,病程长,致盲率高。结论:充分认识、掌握艾滋病眼部并发症的临床表现,提高艾滋病的检出率,早发现、早治疗,提高艾滋病患者的生活质量。同时应强调预防是降低艾滋病发生率的关键。