美学区域即刻种植修复22颗的临床研究

目的探讨美学区域即刻种植修复的临床应用及疗效。方法14例患者美学区域新鲜拔牙创即刻植入22颗种植体并行即刻临时修复,3-6个月后制作终义齿,临床观察8-22个月。结果22颗种植体永久修复后6-12个月,X线观察种植体颈部边缘骨吸收均小于1.5 mm,种植体无松动脱落。结论严格掌握适应证,保证种植体良好的初期稳定性,行无功能的临时修复,美学区域行即刻种植修复能够获得良好的临床效果。     

Ankylos种植系统前牙美学区即刻修复临时冠制作新方法及疗效评估

目的:介绍一种适用于Ankylos种植系统即刻修复临时冠制作的新方法,并评估其疗效。方法:选择22例单颗上前牙进行即刻种植或者常规种植Ankylos种植体共22枚,采用改良的临时冠制作新方法,均于1小时内完成即刻临时修复。3-6个月后评估临时修复体与相邻天然牙唇侧牙龈的协调性和患者主观满意度,1年后评估种植体的存留率。结果:在观察期内,22枚种植体均获得了良好的骨结合,无松动,未见病理性骨吸收,存留率为100%;18枚种植修复体唇侧龈缘位置与邻牙协调无差异,4枚轻度差异;19枚种植修复体与邻牙牙龈颜色质地协调无差异,3枚轻度差异。患者主观满意度VAS平均值为88。结论:采用本方法制作即刻修复临时冠,能够获得理想的美学效果和成功率。     

前牙美学区单颗牙种植后暂时性修复

随着口腔种植技术的成熟和发展,越来越多的患者首选种植义齿修复缺失牙.前牙缺失常需要形态美观、结构稳定的暂时修复体来恢复种植手术愈合期内前牙的美观和功能.暂时性修复体有助于牙龈的成型和维持,有助于医技沟通,有助于获得患者对医生的信任.同时,依据暂时修复体使用反馈的信息可指导永久义齿的设计制作.因此,暂时修复体在种植修复中起重要作用.临床医生应掌握各类暂时修复体的优缺点,依据患者个性化需求和临床适应症,选择最合适的暂时修复措施,以达到保护种植体,恢复美观及功能的目的.     

前牙美学区即刻种植即刻美学修复的临床观察

目的：探讨前牙关学区即刻种植即刻美学修复的临床特点及修复后的美学效果。方法：18例患者22枚m和Replace种植体前牙区即刻种植即刻临时冠修复,对种植体成功率及周围牙龈附着状况进行观察,6个月后永久冠修复。结果：1枚种植体在愈合期内脱落,其余种植体在修复后12个月时均有骨结合,临床效果良好。结论：前牙美学区即刻种植即刻美学修复时多因素可影响种植体的成功率及软组织美学效果,严格掌控适应证,才能获得理想的美学效果。     

Immediate functional loading of implants in single tooth replacement: a prospective clinical multicenter study

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of immediate functional loading of implants in single-tooth replacement using two different installation procedures.
Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty-one subjects, who required single-tooth rehabilitation in the area of 15–25 and 35–45, were enrolled in eight private clinics in Italy. The implant sites were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment groups. In the control group, in which a standard preparation procedure for implant placement and submerged healing of the implant was used, abutment connection and loading of the implants were performed 3 months after installation. In the test group 1, a standard preparation procedure for the implant placement and immediate functional loading of implant was carried out. In the test 2 group, however, a modified implant installation procedure (osteotome technique) was used followed by immediate functional loading of the implant. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at 3 and 12 months of follow-up at all sites.
Results: Three implants (5.5%) from the test 2 group (osteotome preparation) and one (2%) from the test 1 group (conventional drill preparation) failed to integrate and were removed one and three months after implant installation. The mean marginal bone loss assessed at 12 months was 0.31 mm (test 1), 0.25 mm (test 2) and 0.38 mm (control) (no statistically significant differences were found between the three treatment groups.)
Conclusion: It is suggested that immediate functional loading of implants that are placed with a conventional installation technique and with sufficient primary stability may be considered as a valid treatment alternative in a single-tooth replacement.     

Esthetic outcomes of immediate implant placements

BACKGROUND: Single-rooted teeth deemed not restorable via conventional means may be candidates for implant placement at the time of tooth extraction. Immediate implant placements are believed to preserve soft and hard tissue form and contours, reduce the need for augmentation procedures, minimize surgical exposure of the patient, reduce treatment time and improve esthetic outcomes. METHOD: This retrospective review analyzed the esthetic outcomes of 42 non-adjacent single-unit implant restorations completed using an immediate implant surgical placement protocol. RESULTS: The mean time in function was 18.9 months (range 6-50 months) and the majority of implants placed had a restorative platform diameter of 4.1 and 4.8 mm. A highly significant change in crown height due to marginal tissue recession of 0.9 +/- 0.78 mm (P=0.000) was recorded for all sites, with no difference seen between implant systems (P=0.837). Thin tissue biotype showed slightly greater recession than thick tissue biotype (1 +/- 0.9 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.57 mm, respectively); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.187). Implants with a buccal shoulder position showed three times more recession than implants with a lingual shoulder position (1.8 +/- 0.83 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.55 mm, respectively) with the difference being highly statistically significant (P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Immediate implant placement requires very careful case selection and high surgical skill levels if esthetic outcomes are to be achieved. Long-term prospective studies on tissue stability and esthetic outcomes are needed.     

上颌前牙即刻种植即刻修复的临床应用研究

目的:评估上颌前牙区即刻种植即刻修复的临床应用效果,特别是美学效果,并探讨其临床应用技巧及美学影响因素。方法:选择16例共18颗无法保存的上前牙,微创拔除后即刻植入Xi ve或Repl ace种植体共18枚,均于48小时内完成临时固定修复,4～6个月后完成最终修复。种植永久修复后追踪观察12～36个月,观察种植体周围软硬组织情况,统计种植义齿存留率、牙龈乳头充盈指数以及修复体与相邻天然牙唇侧牙龈的协调性、患者主观满意度。结果:在观察期内18枚种植体均获得了良好的骨结合,种植体无松动,种植体周围未见病理性骨吸收,存留率为100%;18枚种植修复体周围共34个牙龈乳头充盈指数均为2到3度,其中24个(70.6%)为3度;15枚种植修复体唇侧龈缘位置与相邻天然牙协调无差异,3枚轻度差异;16枚种植修复体与相邻天然牙牙龈颜色质地协调无差异,2枚轻度差异。患者主观满意度VAS值平均达91.5。结论:在严格掌握适应证的前提下,应用正确的手术技巧对无法保存的上前牙进行微创拔除后即刻种植即刻修复能获得理想的临床效果,特别是美学效果。     

Frequency of screw-retained angulated screw channel single crown following immediate implant placement and provisionalization in the esthetic zone: A cone beam computed tomography study

Objective

The purpose of this cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study was to determine the frequency percentage of screw-retained crown using angulated screw channel (ASC) abutment for single immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) in the esthetic zone.

Methods

The CBCT images of 200 patients without disease and without metal restorations in maxillary anterior teeth were evaluated. The mid-sagittal-sectional CBCT images of maxillary anterior teeth (#6–#11) were created in an implant planning software, screen-captured, and transferred to a presentation program. Template of tapered implants with diameter of 3.5 mm (for central and lateral incisors) and 4.3 mm (for central incisors and canines) and lengths of 13, 15, and 18 mm were applied to the sagittal images to identify the IIPP cases. To qualify for IIPP, the implant must engage >35% bone with at least 1 mm of surrounding bone and no perforations. The IIPP cases were further divided into straight screw channel (IIPPSSC) abutment or 25-degree angulated screw channel abutment (IIPPASC), based upon its restorability. The frequency percentages of possible IIPP, IIPPSSC, and IIPPASC were reported and compared among all maxillary anterior teeth.

Results

A total of 1200 maxillary anterior teeth sagittal images from 200 patients (88 male and 112 female) with a mean age of 51.3 years (range 20–83 years) were evaluated in this study. The overall frequency percentages of IIPP, IIPPSSC, and IIPPASC possibility were 84% (74%–92%), 14% (10%–24%), and 75% (66%–87%), respectively.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this CBCT study, 90% of single IIPP in the esthetic zone can be restored with screw-retained crown when utilizing ASC. In addition, the possibility of using a screw-retained restoration following IIPP increases about five times with ASC abutment compared to the SSC abutment.     

Navigated vs. conventional implant insertion for maxillary single tooth replacement

Abstract Introduction: Computer-guided navigation has proven a valuable tool in several surgical disciplines. During oral implant placement, its application is intended to accomplish optimal implant localization and to reduce the risk of damage to adjacent structures. The aim of this study was to compare the precision limits of conventional vs. navigated implant insertion in practice. Materials and methods: In cast models of the maxilla, implants were inserted to replace the left central incisor (n = 40) and the right canine (n = 40); each of those were inserted either conventionally (n = 20) or navigated (n = 20). Implant position, angulation and insertion depth were calculated from computer tomography scans of the implants that were connected to an index abutment of 40 cm length. Results: The variations of implant positions were reduced for implants that were inserted by navigation (P < 0.05). In both the axial and the transversal plane, the variations of implant angulations were reduced for implants that were inserted by a navigation protocol (P < 0.05). The variations of insertion depth were less (P < 0.05) when the implants were placed by navigation in comparison with conventional insertion procedures. Conclusions: Given the experimental conditions, although they tried to mimic a clinical situation, no final conclusions can be drawn. The in vitro application of a navigation system resulted in an improved precision of insertion surgery regarding the position, angulation and depth of an implant. Clinical studies will have to prove if routine image guidance will result in superior surgical outcome.     

上颌前牙美学区连续多颗牙缺失即刻种植的临床研究

目的分析不同牙种植系统上颌美学区即刻种植对种植体周围骨组织吸收的影响,并探讨改良微创H形切口在上颌美学区多颗相邻牙即刻种植修复的应用技巧及美学影响因素。方法选取2011年1月—2015年1月在我院口腔科接受牙体种植修复的患者58例,所有患者均在牙槽嵴顶作微创H切口,种植体采用潜入式手术。根据患者种植的牙体系统,将患者分为3组:3I组、DIO组、Replace组。随访12个月,观察患者种植体周围骨吸收量、探诊深度及术后龈沟出血指数。根据Miller牙龈边缘组织退缩分类及Jemt牙龈乳头指数,分别观察种植体永久修复12月后牙龈边缘退缩及牙龈乳头状况;根据Albrektsson种植体成功标准,观察所植入的种植体状况。结果 3组患者的周围骨组织骨吸收量在植入术后6个月均呈稳定的趋势,不同的种植体增长的幅度不同,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),DIO组患者第3个月的骨吸收量显著高于Replace组和3I组,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后不同时期,3组患者的龈沟出血指数与天然牙相比,6个月时,DIO组患者的龈沟出血指数虽然高于天然牙,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);9、12个月时,3组患者的龈沟出血指数与天然牙差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月,3组患者的探诊深度呈稳定的趋势,各个时期3组患者的探诊深度略高于天然牙,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。159颗种植体存留率100%,Miller分类,136颗种植体牙龈边缘无退缩;18颗种植体牙龈边缘I类退缩;5颗种植体牙龈边缘Ⅱ类退缩。种植修复体近远中Jemt牙龈乳头指数均为Ⅱ级以上。结论不同牙种植体系统对美学区多颗相邻牙即刻种植的种植体周围骨组织及软组织均具有较理想的稳定性及美学效果。改良微创H形切口为相邻多颗牙即刻种植的应用技巧提供了临床依据,值得临床推广。     

Predictable immediate implant placement and restoration in the esthetic zone

This article describes a comprehensive step‐by‐step protocol for immediate implant placement and restoration in the esthetic zone. Clinical Considerations Immediate implant placement into fresh extraction sockets and immediate restoration have become widely accepted, demonstrating long‐term success rates that are comparable with traditional delayed implant protocols. However, they are technique sensitive and require proper treatment planning as well as meticulous execution to be predictable and successful in the long term. This is particularly important in the esthetic zone, where even minor aberrations and mistakes can have devastating consequences, and especially in younger patients, where esthetic and functional outcomes should remain stable for years and possibly decades to come. The eight critical steps for predictable immediate implant placement include: provisional restoration of the failing tooth and presurgical phase, atraumatic tooth extraction, initial implant osteotomy, 3D bone graft packing, guided implant placement with a surgical guide, customized abutment insertion, provisional crown relining, and placement of a connective tissue graft from tuberosity. Immediate implant protocols in the esthetic zone require thorough planning and execution in the proper sequence. Each one of the critical steps discussed in this article has its own importance and challenges, which are critically assessed based on current scientific evidence.     

Instant provisionalization of immediate single-tooth implants is essential to optimize esthetic treatment outcome

Objective: The immediate single-tooth implant has become a viable treatment option. However, the impact of the restorative procedure on esthetics is currently unclear. The goal of this study was to compare the soft tissue outline at immediate implants following two restorative protocols: immediate connection of a temporary crown or submerged healing during which a removable partial denture is used.
Material and methods: A 1-year single-blind randomized clinical study was performed in 49 patients. Twenty-four patients were assigned to the immediate restoration group and 25 to the delayed restoration group. Clinical and radiographic evaluations of soft and hard tissues were carried out after 3, 6 and 12 months.
Results: Implant survival, bone remodeling, probing depth and bleeding tendency were not influenced by the restorative protocol. Delayed restoration resulted in initial papilla loss taking up to 1 year to attain comparable height as for immediate restoration. Midfacial recession was systematically 2.5–3 times higher following delayed restoration pointing to a 0.75 mm additional loss in comparison with immediate restoration after 1 year.
Conclusions: If the primary implant stability permits it, immediate single-tooth implants should be instantly provisionalized in the interest of optimal midfacial esthetics.     

前牙种植体即刻种植修复牙龈软组织指标观察

目的　评价种植体即刻种植修复临床效果及美学意义。方法　 18例患者 18枚Camlog种植体在前牙区即刻种植即刻临时冠修复 ,对种植体成功率及周围牙龈附着水平进行观察 ,6个月后永久冠修复。结果　 12个月时所有种植体都发生了骨结合现象 ,牙龈变化平均为 0 .75mm ,在允许范围内。患者对种植即刻修复效果满意。结论　在严格掌握适应证前提下 ,前牙美学区单牙种植体即刻修复与延期修复相比在种植成功率、种植体周围软组织组织学变化上差异无显著性     

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目的评价上颌前牙区种植义齿即刻修复的短期美学效果。方法选择中国医科大学附属口腔医院种植中心从2007年1月至2011年1月进行上颌前牙修复患者共60例,其中30例为种植后半年延期修复（延期修复组）,30例为种植后当天即刻修复（即刻修复组）,随访1年,通过牙龈乳头外形、骨吸收状况及满意度调查,评价两组患者的美学效果和满意度。结果随访1年时,即刻修复组牙龈乳头外形明显好于延期修复组（P〈0．05）;即刻修复后骨吸收小于延期修复（P〈0．05）;即刻修复组患者满意率高于延期修复组。结论在严格掌握适应证的前提下,即刻修复可很好地恢复美学区龈乳头外形,与延期修复相比骨吸收量较少,具有更佳的美学效果。     

一段式小直径种植体在小缺牙间隙即刻修复种植的临床研究

目的研究Osstem MS一段式小直径种植体用于5～6 mm的缺牙间隙即刻修复种植的临床效果。方法在36例患者的36个5～6 mm缺牙间隙处植入直径2.5 mm或3.0 mm的Osstem MS一段式小直径种植体36颗,即刻在椅旁或技工室完成树脂冠临时修复,树脂冠避开与对颌牙接触。术后3～5个月,金合金烤瓷冠完成修复。对所有病例进行定期的临床和放射线检查。结果36颗种植体行烤瓷冠修复时无1颗失败,其中1颗种植体植入后导致1颗邻牙牙髓坏死,经根管治疗后天然牙和种植体均成功保留。36例患者从种植体植入开始平均随访21.3个月（12～37个月）,36颗种植体均获得成功,种植义齿龈缘与邻牙龈缘曲线协调,龈乳头充盈,美学效果理想。结论5～6 mm缺牙间隙采用Osstem MS一段式小直径种植体即刻修复种植可以取得良好的临床效果。