保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌96例

目的 探讨保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌的疗效.方法 选取96例行保乳手术的早期乳腺癌患者,与同期行乳腺癌改良根治术的患者进行对比分析,比较两组的复发率、转移率和生存率.结果 保乳手术组和改良根治术组的1、3、5年局部复发率、生存率及远处转移方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 保乳手术+放疗可获得与改良根治术相同的疗效,且术后采用常规温和化疗与内分泌治疗等综合治疗方案,能够进一步保证治疗效果.     

保乳手术与改良根治术治疗早期乳腺癌的临床效果

目的观察保乳手术与改良根治术治疗早期乳腺癌的临床效果。方法选取2009年2月至2011年9月间收治的早期乳腺癌且接受手术治疗的128例患者,其中保乳手术治疗56例(保乳手术组),改良根治术72例(改良根治术组),对两组患者的手术时间、出血量、切口长度和住院时间、术后乳房美容效果进行比较,对患者进行门诊随访3年后,比较两组患者术后3年的随访结果,包括生存率、并发症率、腋淋巴结复发及远处转移。结果保乳手术组患者的手术时间及住院时间均短于改良根治术组,保乳手术组的出血量少于改良根治术组,切口长度小于改良根治术组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的术后美容优良率、生存率、并发症发生率、局部复发率、腋淋巴结复发率及远处转移率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论保乳手术与改良根治术治疗早期乳腺癌的远期效果相当,然而保乳手术较改良根治术的手术时间及住院时间更短、切口长度更小、术中出血量更少。     

早期乳腺癌保乳手术的临床疗效分析

近20年来,随着对乳腺癌生物学特性认识的深入以及现代医学模式的转变,保留乳房的外科手术加术后放、化疗等辅助手段的治疗方案已成为早期乳腺癌外科治疗的一种新方法[1-3].为比较保乳手术和传统改良根治术治疗早期乳腺癌的疗效,本研究回顾性分析本院自1997年1月至2003年12月收治的127例早期乳腺癌患者的临床资料、治疗方法及预后.     

早期乳腺癌改良根治术与保乳手术的疗效比较

目的比较改良根治术与保乳手术治疗对早期乳腺癌的临床疗效。方法按照手术方式将155例乳腺癌患者分为保乳组(40例)和改良组(115例),保乳组行保乳手术+术后放、化疗,改良组行改良根治术+术后化疗,比较两组患者1、3、5年生存率、局部复发率以及远处转移率。结果保乳组死亡1例,改良组死亡4例,死亡原因均为非乳腺癌原因;保乳组2例发生远处转移,其中1例为肺转移,1例为骨(脊柱)转移,术后生活质量未受明显影响;改良组6例发生远处转移,其中4例为肺转移,2例为骨转移,术后生活质量未受明显影响;两组患者1、3、5年生存率、局部复发率、远处转移率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论保乳手术+术后放、化疗对早期乳腺癌的远期疗效与改良根治术+术后化疗相近,但保乳手术创伤小、术后恢复时间短、能够保留乳房的美观外形,临床应用价值更高。     

保乳手术和改良根治术治疗老年乳腺癌的系统评价

目的 评价保乳手术与改良根治术治疗老年乳腺癌的疗效.方法 通过计算机检索Cochrane Library(2009年1期)、MEDLINE(PubMed 1965～2009.5.2)、Embase(1974～2009.5.2)、CBM(1978～2009.5.2)和CNKI(1979～2009.5.2)等有关保乳手术与改良根治术治疗老年乳腺癌的临床对照研究资料,对纳入的文献进行资料提取和质量评价,采用RevMan 5.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 共纳入2个研究,一个是随机对照试验,另一个是半随机对照试验,共343例患者.保乳手术与改良根治术在5年生存率、死亡率、局部复发率和远处转移率等方面比较,差异均无统计学意义.10年死亡率和远处转移率保乳手术比改良根治术显著降低,差异有统计学意义,而在10年生存率、局部复发率和无瘤生存率方面,保乳手术与改良根治术差异无统计学意义.结论 对分期为T1、T2、T3a和N0、N1a、N1b、M0并能耐受保乳手术和改良根治术两种术式的单发乳腺癌老年女性患者,保乳手术是较改良根治术更好的选择.目前比较保乳手术和改良根治术治疗老年乳腺癌的研究尚缺乏,有必要开展和设计更多、高质量的随机对照试验.     

早期乳腺癌保乳治疗的临床研究分析

目的通过早期乳腺癌保乳治疗和改良根治术的比较,探讨早期乳腺癌保乳治疗后的疗效、美容效果和心理变化等问题。方法对68例早期乳腺癌行保乳治疗(本院手术和放化疗59例,外院手术本院放化疗的9例),并与同期行改良根治术治疗的76例早期乳腺癌行对比研究。保乳治疗的全部病例均为女性,年龄范围为28—62岁,平均年龄44．5岁。按全国乳腺癌协作组标准选择病例。保乳术后常规行全乳腺放疗和瘤床加量。改良根治术患者年龄25—68岁,平均47．6岁。改良根治术后放疗的范围根据肿块大小和淋巴结转移情况决定。采用CAF方案化疗。ER／PR阳性的患者均给予口服三苯氧胺内分泌治疗。对68例保乳治疗和76例改良根治术患者的心理变化、性生活和婚姻稳定情况也进行了通信或问讯调查。结果68例保乳治疗患者无局部复发病例,3例出现远处转移(1例为骨转移,1例为骨、肝、肺多发转移,1例为肺、肝转移)。美容效果良好者91．2％,一般者5．6％,差者2．9％。76例改良根治术病例无局部复发,4例出现远处转移(2例为骨转移,1例为脑转移,1例为多发脏器转移)。两个组的近期疗效差异无统计学意义(XP=0．813)。结论早期乳腺癌保乳治疗的疗效与改良根治术基本相同,美容效果和心理的恢复优于改良根治术,是一种值得推广的治疗方法。     

乳腺癌保乳手术的疗效及生活质量的评估

目的探讨乳腺癌保乳手术的疗效及其生存质量。方法选取180例早期乳腺癌患者,其中56例患者行保乳手术,63例患者行标准根治手术,61例患者行改良根治术。结果保乳手术组具有住院时间较少、手术时间较短、术中出血少等优势,与根治术组(标准根治术组+改良根治术组)相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者的生存率、远处转移率、术后复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),保乳手术组患者的心理因子、躯体因子、精神因子和社会支持因子4个方面均显著高于标准根治术组和改良根治术组患者(P<0.05);保乳手术组、标准根治术组及改良根治术组患者术后乳房外观及美容效果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果早期乳腺癌患者保乳手术的近期疗效较满意,严格掌握相关手术指征、规范切除和术后放化疗等综合治疗措施是保乳手术成功的关键。     

新辅助化疗后保留乳房手术治疗进展期乳腺癌可行性分析

目的 对新辅助化疗后保留乳房手术治疗进展期乳腺癌行可行性分析。方法 收集2010年6月—2011年6月间进展期乳腺癌患者60例,根据患者意愿分为新辅助化疗后保乳手术组和改良根治术组,每组30例,分别给予新辅助化疗后保乳手术及改良根治手术,随访3年。比较两组的治疗效果,并分析两组乳腺癌循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)阳性情况,记录两组患者随访后期局部复发率、远处转移率、总生存率和无瘤生存率。结果 新辅助化疗后保乳手术组与改良根治术组相比,两组CTCs检出率没有统计学差异(P＞0.05),两组患者在临床完全缓解率、部分缓解率、疾病稳定率以及局部复发率、远处转移率、总生存率和无瘤生存率方面均无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。结论 对进展期乳腺癌患者应用新辅助化疗合并保乳手术治疗,能达到与改良根治术类似的治疗效果,可作为治疗进展期乳腺癌的一种选择。     

放射治疗在早期乳腺癌保乳术中的价值

目的：进一步证实放射治疗在早期乳腺癌保乳术中的重要性。方法：1994年12月～2001年12月本院共收治237例早期乳腺癌。其中83例做保乳手术。154例做改良根治术。保乳术后全部患者接受放疗。放疗的范围根据肿块的大小、部位、腋淋巴结是否受累而定。胸壁切线剂量予8MV—X线5000cGy。肿瘤瘤床加电子线1500cGy。改良根治术后仅3例作放疗。结果：保乳组和改良组局部复发各1人。保乳组区域淋巴结复发1例。改良组无区域淋巴结复发，有肝转移、肺转移各1人。两组各死亡1人。保乳组五年生存率96．49％，改良组98．61％。保乳组双侧乳房外形基本一致，柔软，有弹性。结论：早期乳腺癌保乳术加放射治疗，效果与改良根治术相似，并伴良好美容效果。     

50例早期乳腺癌保乳手术临床分析

目的:与改良根治术比较,探索保乳手术对早期乳腺癌的临床疗效.方法:对宝鸡市人民医院自2006年1月至2010年12月50例早期乳腺癌患者进行回顾性分析,实施保乳手术25例,改良根治手术25例,对两组患者的临床资料进行研究,对比术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院天数、美容效果、术后并发症及无进展生存率.结果:保乳手术组在术后住院天数、手术时间、术中出血量、美容效果方面均明显优于改良根治手术组(P＜0.01),两组患者在术后并发症方面的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者的中位随访时间均为24.5个月,术后复发转移率相同,2年无进展生存率也均为92％ (P ＞0.05).结论:保乳手术创伤小、恢复快,且并未影响早期乳腺癌患者的治疗效果,更为重要的是保乳手术为患者提供了更为理想的美容效果.     

早期乳腺癌患者行改良根治手术与保乳术的疗效观察

目的分析早期乳腺癌患者分别进行改良根治手术和保乳手术的临床效果。方法 105例早期乳腺癌患者,在知情同意下,按患者及其家属意愿分为保乳组(53例)和改良根治组(52例)。保乳组采用保乳手术治疗,改良根治组采用改良根治手术。结果两组患者2年生存率和复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);保乳组生存质量评分均明显高于改良根治组,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论保乳手术与改良根治手术对患者的生存率、复发率差异无统计学意义,但是保乳手术大大提高了患者的生存质量。     

Operable Breast Cancer： a Clinical Analysis of 6,263 Cases

OBJECTIVE In Europe and America breast cancer commonly occurs in women of middle and old age, with a median age of about 57 years. Modified radical mastectomy now called standard radical mastectomy, has taken the place of traditional radical mastectomy. Patients with breast cancer at an early stage commonly receive BCT (breast conservative therapy). The TNM stage (especially the lymph node status) affects the prognosis, and adjuvant therapy can improve survival. In China, only a few reports have been pubIished studying large numbers of breast cancer patients. This study was designed to analyze the clinical features, surgical pattern and treatment outcome of resectable breast cancer, as well as to explore the prognostic factors and the effect of adjuvant therapy, with a goal to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.METHODS Records of the 6,263 patients with resectable breast cancer who had been admitted into our hospital from June 1964 to June 2003 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Of the 6,263 cases, 98.8% were female. Breast cancer occurred most frequently in patients of ages 40～49 years (41.0%), especially in patients 45～49 years old (25.2%). A breast lump, which occurred in 96.2% of the patients, was the main clinical manifestation. The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 75.16% and 40.44%. Of the patients in TNM stages 0-1,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, the 5-year survival rates were 96.8%, 73.7% and 46.4% respectively and the 10-year survival rates were 78.7%, 64.6% and 33.5% respectively. The 5-, and 10-year survival rates were higher in the lymph node negative group than in the lymph node positive group (80.3% vs. 55.6%, and 59.2% vs. 31.9%, P＜0.01). Since the 1980s there was no significant difference in survival rates of patients who received a radical mastectomy compared to a modified radical mastectomy(P＞0.05). Of the 73 patients who underwent breast conservative therapy, no local recurrence or metastasis occurred during a maximal follow-up of 17 years. Of the patients in stage T2T4, the 5-, and 10-year survival rates were significantly higher in the group treated with adjuvant chemotherapy compared to the non-chemotherapy group (78.2% vs. 60.1%, and 48.9% vs. 30.7%, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION According to our data, breast cancer most frequently occurred in patients of ages 45～49 years. The TNM stage (especially the lymph node status) relates to breast cancer prognosis. The prognosis was worse in patients with positive lymph nodes compared to the patients with negative lymph nodes. The efficacy of a modified radical mastectomy is equal to that of a radical mastectomy, and breast conservative therapy can be applied to patients in an early stage. Adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy can improve the survival of resectable breast cancer patients.     

乳腺癌的保留乳房治疗体会

为了探讨乳腺癌保留乳房综合治疗的原则和近期疗效,回顾分析实施保留乳房手术+术后化疗+术后放疗+雌激素受体试验阳性的32例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者的内分泌治疗随访。32例全部生存,1例同侧复发,所有病例乳房外形正常。初步研究结果提示,乳腺癌的保留乳房治疗是一种需多科密切配合的综合性治疗手段,可成为早期乳腺癌的主要治疗方法。     

中人氟安植入剂在乳腺癌手术中的应用

目的探讨间质化疗植入剂中人氟安在乳腺癌手术中的应用。方法对212例乳腺癌患者应用中人氟安植入剂作为间质化疗,其中保乳患者174例,改良根治术患者38例。结果随访3至95个月,保乳手术后局部复发2例,局部复发率为1.1%(2/174);乳腺癌根治术后局部复发1例,局部复发率为2.6%(1/38)。6例(2.8%)患者出现植入区域皮肤红肿,多在7～10d内红肿消退;伤口感染、药物颗粒溢出1例(0.5%),经换药清理后二期缝合,伤口愈合。结论中人氟安植入剂作为间质化疗用以处理可能残存的肿瘤细胞,对预防复发具有一定作用。临床应用中,应注意该药物的剂量和植入方法。     

早期乳腺癌保留乳头乳晕复合体的改良根治术--Ⅰ期腹直肌肌皮瓣重建乳房

背景与目的：改良根治术目前已成为早期乳腺癌主要外科治疗方法之一,但术后如何重建乳房及保留乳头乳晕复合体一直是争论的焦点。本研究探讨早期乳腺癌保留乳头乳晕复合体的改良根治术——Ⅰ期腹直肌肌皮瓣重建乳房的方法及临床应用。方法：对早期乳腺癌患者行皮下乳腺切除,腋窝淋巴结清除,腹直肌肌皮瓣Ⅰ期乳房再造,最大限度地保留乳房皮肤以及乳头乳晕复合体。结果：应用该方法治疗10例早期乳腺癌,术后随访24～48个月,所有病例均无肿瘤局部复发及远处转移,重建乳房外形良好,乳头乳晕区皮肤无坏死,皮肤无明显萎缩、变硬,半年后乳头感觉恢复,供区无腹壁疝形成。结论：保留乳头乳晕复合体的乳腺癌改良根治术——Ⅰ期腹直肌肌皮瓣重建乳房,外形效果良好,对早期乳腺癌要求保持乳房外形的患者可能是一种较好的治疗方法;因本研究例数较少,该技术的疗效有必要行更大样本的研究来证实。     

可手术乳腺癌6263例临床分析

背景与目的:欧、美国家的乳腺癌患者以中老年居多,中位年龄约57岁左右;改良根治术已取代传统根治术而被称为标准根治术,早期患者则行保乳手术;肿瘤的分期(尤其淋巴结状况)明显影响预后;辅助治疗能提高疗效。在国内,有关乳腺癌临床研究的大宗报道甚少。本研究分析我院可手术乳腺癌6263例的临床特点、手术方式与治疗效果,分析影响预后的因素和辅助治疗的作用等情况,以期提高乳腺癌的诊治水平。方法:将我院1964年6月～2003年6月收治的6263例可手术乳腺癌的临床资料输入计算机并分析可手术乳腺癌患者年龄的分布和临床特点。用SPSS10.0统计软件,分析手术术式与治疗效果以及影响预后的因素和辅助治疗的作用等情况。结果:6263例可手术乳腺癌中,女性占98.8%。按每5岁年龄段计算,45～49岁最多(25.2%)。按每10岁年龄段计算,40～49岁最多(41.0%)。临床表现以乳腺肿块为主(96.2%)。全组总5年和10年生存率分别为75.2%和40.4%,0～Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期的5年生存率分别为96.8%、73.7%和46.4%,10生存率则分别为78.7%、64.6%和33.5%。腋窝淋巴结阴性和阳性的5年生存率分别为80.3%和55.6%,而10年生存率分别为59.2%和31.9%。20世纪80年代后作传统根治术和改良根治术后各期的5年和10年生存率相比较,均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。早期     

Changes in the surgical treatment of breast cancer

The principle in surgery for breast cancer is to clean out and remove en masse the primary lesion within the breast as well as the lymph nodes (metastases) in the vicinity. This fundamental approach to surgical intervention was established by Halsted and Meyer at the close of the nineteenth century. This has been termed typical mastectomy to this day and standard radical mastectomy has been the method used. Later, a more expanded type of radical surgery was performed on somewhat more advanced cases, but a less radical approach then came about. Since 1960, the excision of nodes in the cerebrum and cerebellum was not used for early cancer, and in some cases a more conservative approach in which only part of the breasts was removed resulted, as Europe and the United States were heavily toward reduced operations. Thus, it was considered that axillary expurgation was needed, but that excision of nodes in the cerebrum and cerebellum was not essential in every case. One approach is less aggressive, whether as to the expurgation or excision of the surrounding area of the breast; in certain cases, treatment may be combined with radiation and the surgery minimized. The above-mentioned operative procedure which leaves brain nodes intact has been called modified radical mastectomy. This is subdivided into the Auchincloss method, in which modes in the cerebellum are extirpated, and the Patey method, in which the cerebral nodes are preserved. In Japan this approach has been used for breast cancer in Stage I and Stage II, with surgery gradually becoming the mainstream. Conservative breast operation procedures such as tumor extirpation, partial breast removal or segmental resection are still rare in Japan but very common in Europe and the United States. Since remote metastases frequently occur through the circulation in breast cancer, in recent years it has generally been regarded as a whole-body disease and, in terms of the advance of the cancer in each case, the method of surgery is selected. There is a strong tendency to combine surgery with other methods (radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy).     

New trends in the surgical treatment of primary breast cancer in the Florence District: 1979-1985

The authors report on a consecutive series of 1979 TIS-T1A-T2A-T3A breast cancer cases surgically treated from 1979 to 1985. The study investigates the impact of recent reports on conservative surgery and of a national treatment protocol for breast cancer, encouraging the use of modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and quadrantectomy, axillary dissection and breast irradiation (QUART) as alternatives to Halsted's radical mastectomy (RM). RM frequency dropped from 52% to 8% in TIS-T1A and from 82% to 20% in T2A-T3A cases in the study period, in favor of MRM and of QUART, which increased from 10% to 54% in TIS-T1A cases. Although surgical choices differ widely according to individual surgeons, a definite trend towards more conservative surgery is evident, which demonstrates how the national treatment protocol has affected current surgical practice.     

Conservative treatment of initial breast cancer

The results of conservative surgical techniques (quadrantectomy or tumorectomy), axillary dissection and radiotherapy in 58 patients with initial breast cancer (T_t No, Mo) treated between June 1979 and December 1986 are reported. The disease-free survival rates after 5 and 8 years were 84% and 76% respectively. Four cases developed local recurrences (6.9%); 2 cases developed distant metastases involving lung and bone, and 1 case developed bone metastases without local recurrence. Two patients with local recurrence underwent radical life-saving mastectomy and are now free from disease. Conservative surgery combined with radiotherapy was shown to be quite effective in controlling initial breast cancer not only in the cases included in our study (T₁, No, Mo) but also in cases with N and T₂ smaller than 3 cm, as reported in the literature. Prognosis was quite favorable for cases with local recurrence, since control of the disease was still possible through salvage radical mastectomy.