胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治研究

目的 初步探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治策略.方法 回顾性分析我院近十年来收治的21例胰腺囊性肿瘤的病例资料.结果 21例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者中胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤11例,黏液性囊腺瘤6例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤2例,胰腺实性假乳头状瘤2例;其中仅7例患者伴有相应的症状和体征,其他均为健康体检时所发现.所有患者均经手术治疗,其中8例行胰十二指肠切除术、5例行胰体尾切除术、1例行腹腔镜下胰尾切除术、2例行胰腺肿瘤摘除术、4例行胰腺节段切除术;1例囊腺癌患者仅可行姑息手术,其余20例患者随访11～96个月,均未出现肿瘤复发或转移.结论 任何影像学检查都不能准确判断胰腺囊性肿瘤的具体病理类型;及时手术探查是防止肿瘤癌变的重要手段,除了已经获得明确诊断、肿瘤较小且无明显症状的浆液性囊腺瘤之外,都应该积极手术治疗.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤19例诊治分析

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断及外科治疗方法。方法对我院2003年4月至2012年4月期间收治的19例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组19例患者中浆液性囊腺瘤8例,黏液性囊腺瘤5例,导管内乳头状黏液瘤4例,实性假乳头状瘤1例,囊腺癌1例。行B超或CT发现胰腺占位病变。位于胰头部5例,胰体部8例,胰尾部6例。行肿瘤摘除术4例,保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术5例,胰体尾＋脾脏切除手术3例,胰十二指肠切除术6例,1例囊腺癌患者困肝脏转移伴腹腔广泛转移、侵犯大血管而肿瘤不能切除仅行胃空肠、胆肠吻合。术后发生胰瘘2例,腹腔感染1例,经保守治疗后康复出院。无同手术期死亡病例。19例患者均进行了随访,随访时间6～80个月,平均45．2个月。1例囊腺癌合并肝脏转移患者于术后7个月死亡,其余良性肿瘤患者均未见复发,最长已存活5年。结论胰腺囊性肿瘤主要靠影像学检查发现,手术切除是理想的治疗方法,选择合适的术式有助于避免术后并发症的发生和改善预后。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治98例报告

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的常见类型、诊断及合理手术方式的选择。方法对2000年1月至2008年12月期间收治98例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本病无特征性的临床表现,B超、CT和Mill等影像学检查也能发现胰腺囊肿病灶但不能确定具体类型。本组胰腺囊腺瘤57例（浆液性囊腺瘤32例,黏液性囊腺瘤25例）,黏液性囊腺癌13例,实性假乳头状瘤19例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤9例。所有患者均手术治疗,胰十二指肠切除26例,保留十二指肠胰头切除28例,胰腺节段切除术7例,胰体尾切除加脾脏切除25例,肿瘤摘除术12例。术后均进行随访,3例胰腺囊腺癌患者于术后6个月到4年期间死于癌转移或其他疾病,1例囊腺癌患者术后9个月肿瘤复发,再次手术后现仍生存,其他均存活。结论B超,CT和MRI等影像学技术是胰腺囊性肿瘤的主要诊断方法。手术切除为治疗该肿瘤的最有效手段。正确的诊断和合理手术方式的选择是提高其临床治愈率的关键。     

胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的临床病理特点及诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的临床病理特点及其诊治。方法回顾性分析山东省菏泽市立医院及曹县人民医院1996年6月至2007年3月共收治的17例患者的临床病理资料。结果本病临床表现无特征性。B超和CT检查能发现囊肿但不能确定类型。浆液性囊腺瘤7例均行肿瘤局部切除;黏液性囊腺瘤6例,行胰十二指肠切除1例,胰体尾切除5例;囊腺癌4例,行胰十二指肠切除加淋巴结清扫1例,胰体尾切除术2例,胰体尾加脾切除1例。光镜下浆液性囊腺瘤囊壁由扁平或立方上皮细胞组成;黏液性囊腺瘤囊壁由高柱状上皮细胞组成,可见乳头状突起;囊腺癌囊壁细胞核异形明显,可见核分裂象及间质浸润。15例获得B超随访,中位随访时间为42个月（1～129个月）,除1例行胰体尾切除加脾切除的老年囊腺癌患者术后6个月死于营养衰竭和1例胰十二指肠切除患者并发糖尿病外,其余患者生存满意,未见肿瘤复发。结论B超和CT是本病的主要影像检查方法。加强对本病临床病理特征的认识是提高诊治率的关键。手术切除治疗本病疗效满意。     

无症状胰腺肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的:探讨无症状胰腺肿瘤的诊断与治疗经验。方法:回顾性分析意外发现的无症状胰腺肿瘤的临床资料。结果:本组38例,男14例,女24例。肿瘤位于胰头者17例,胰体尾者21例。所有病例均行手术切除,包括胰十二指肠切除术11例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术3例,肿瘤局部切除术1例,节段性胰腺切除术8例,胰体尾、脾切除术15例。术后病理:胰腺导管癌5例,无功能胰岛细胞瘤13例(其中2例恶性),浆液性囊腺瘤8例,黏液性囊腺瘤8例,囊腺癌1例,恶性胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤2例,胰腺实性假乳头状瘤1例。恶性肿瘤共10例,占26.3%(10/38)。随访表明,除3例胰体癌术后6个月后死于肝转移外,其余已健康生存11个月～8年至今。结论:无症状胰腺肿瘤大部为良性肿瘤,部分为恶性肿瘤,应予积极手术治疗。手术切除率高,预后良好。     

胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤诊治分析

目的: 探讨胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤的诊断和治疗效果.方法: 回顾分析15例胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤的临床资料.男6例,女9例;8例胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤,7例胰腺黏液性囊腺癌(1.14∶1);肿瘤位于胰头部3例(20%),胰体尾部10例(66.7%),胰尾部2例(13.3%).胰十二指肠切除术2例,胰腺体尾部+脾切除术8例,胰尾+脾切除术2例,胰腺囊腺瘤切除术1例,胰腺囊肿-空肠吻合内引流术1例,胰腺囊肿外引流术1例.结果: 随访10~15年,8例囊腺瘤均无瘤存活;7例囊腺癌中4例(57.1%)存活5年,2例(28.5%)存活3年,1例(14.2%)存活率1年.结论: 囊腺癌属于低度恶性肿瘤,根治性切除术效果良好.     

胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的临床病理特点及诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的临床病理特点及其诊治方法。方法回顾性分析1996年6月—2007年3月收治的17例患者的临床病理资料。结果全组临床表现无特征性。B超和CT检查能发现囊肿但不能确定类型。浆液性囊腺瘤7例均行肿瘤局部切除,黏液性囊腺瘤6例行胰十二指肠切除1例,胰体尾切除5例;囊腺癌4例行胰十二指肠切除加淋巴结清扫1例,胰体尾切除术2例,胰体尾加脾切除1例。病理标本多呈多房囊腔,囊腔与胰管不通。15例获得随访,中位随访时间43(1～129)个月,1例囊腺癌行胰体尾加脾切除的老年患者术后6个月营养不良衰竭死亡;其余患者均生存,经B超检查均未见肿瘤复发,仅1例胰十二指肠切除术后患者出现糖尿病,疗效满意。结论B超和CT是该病的主要影像检查方法。加强对该病临床病理特征的认识是提高诊治率的关键,手术切除治疗疗效满意。     

腹腔镜胰体尾切除术18例

探讨腹腔镜胰体尾切除术的临床疗效及应用价值。回顾分析18例行LDP手术治疗的患者资料。其中男性7例,女性11例,平均年龄(54.1±13.6)岁。18例患者中,除1例中转开腹,其余均顺利完成LDP,其中13例行LDP联合脾脏切除术,5例采用Kimura法行腹腔镜保留脾脏胰体尾切除术。平均手术时间(270.8±98.9)min;平均术中出血量(258.3±269.1)m L;平均术后进食时间(4.0±1.5)d;平均术后排气时间(3.8±1.4)d;术后平均住院时间(15.1±6.6)d。术后11例患者发生胰瘘,均经保守治疗后痊愈。病理结果:黏液性囊性瘤3例(其中2例伴上皮轻-中度异形增生),浆液性囊性瘤4例,胰体尾假性囊肿伴脾动脉瘤1例,腹腔间质肿瘤(高危型)1例,胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤伴囊性变1例,胰体尾实性假乳头状瘤1例,胰腺微囊性囊腺瘤1例,胰体尾腺癌6例。对于胰体尾占位性病变,LDP治疗安全可行,值得推广开展。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤13例诊治体会

目的 探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断与治疗方法.方法 对13例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 浆液性囊腺瘤4例,黏液性囊腺瘤7例,黏液性囊腺癌2例.B超和CT诊断胰腺囊性肿瘤的正确率分别为85%(11/13)和92%(12/13).采取胰十二指肠切除术6例,胰体尾部切除3例,胰腺局部切除3例,囊壁大部切除1例....     

微创手术在胰腺囊性肿瘤治疗中的应用(附236例报告)

目的:探讨微创手术在胰腺囊性肿瘤治疗中的可行性及安全性,并总结其适应证及优势。方法:回顾性分析我院自2005年9月至2015年7月期间接受微创手术236例胰腺囊性肿瘤病人的病例资料。根据手术方式分为机器人组(n=198)和腹腔镜组(n=38)。结果:机器人组包括:黏液性囊性肿瘤28例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤46例,浆液性囊性肿瘤88例,实性假乳头状肿瘤36例,手术方式为胰十二指肠切除术61例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术10例,胰体尾切除术85例,肿瘤剜除术12例,胰中段切除术30例。腹腔镜组包括:黏液性囊性肿瘤13例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤3例,浆液性囊性肿瘤16例,实性假乳头状肿瘤6例,手术方式为胰十二指肠切除术2例,胰体尾切除术36例。3例中转开腹(1例机器人胰十二指肠切除手术,2例腹腔镜胰体尾切除手术),3例因术中操作困难行手助式腹腔镜手术,其余病人手术均在全腔镜下完成。术后并发腹腔出血3例,内疝1例,胰漏80例(A级33例,B级38例,C级9例),经处理后无围手术期死亡。随访至今,无复发和并发症发生。结论:微创手术治疗胰腺囊性肿瘤安全、可行,术后创伤小、恢复快。机器人手术在胰腺囊性肿瘤治疗中有一定优势,在手术方式上提供了更多的选择。     

胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的诊断及外科治疗

目的探讨胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的诊断和治疗方法。方法对2000年6月～2005年6月复旦大学附属中山医院收治的24例胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌无特征性临床表现。B超和CT对胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断正确率分别达到88%(21/24)和92%(22/24),但不能准确区分其类型。3例浆液性囊腺瘤未行手术治疗;21例手术者中,行胰十二指肠切除术9例,远端胰腺切除术8例,胰腺节段切除术1例,肿瘤摘除术3例,胰瘘是主要的并发症。本组患者均获随访,3例未手术者肿瘤无增大,1例囊腺癌因复发转移于术后11个月死亡,其余均健在,术后无复发。结论B超和CT是胰腺囊性肿瘤主要的影像学检查方法。黏液性囊性肿瘤以及伴有症状的浆液性囊腺瘤需手术治疗。胰腺囊腺瘤手术切除后可获治愈,囊腺癌术后疗效也较满意。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤26例临床诊治分析

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断和治疗。方法对2000年6月至2005年6月复旦大学附属中山医院收治的26例胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果B超和CT对胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断正确率分别为88%(23/26)和92%(24/26),但不能准确区分其组织类型。26例均行手术治疗并获随访,1例黏液性囊腺癌病人因复发转移于术后11个月死亡,其余均存活,无复发。结论伴有症状的胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤,以及黏液性囊性肿瘤及导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤因有恶变倾向及临床不能鉴别其良恶性,需手术治疗;而无症状的浆液性囊腺瘤可观察随访。胰腺囊腺瘤手术切除后可获治愈,囊腺癌术后疗效也较满意。     

Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas – cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas

Introduction: Among the rare cystic pancreatic tumors, serous and mucinous cystadenoma and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma are most often diagnosed. Case: We report on a total of 21 patients with cystic neoplasms who underwent surgery, 11 of whom had mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Of the 10 remaining patients, serous and mucinous cystadenoma were diagnosed in two groups of five. A common feature of all cystic neoplasms is slow growth, leading to clinical symptoms at an advanced stage, with tumors frequently becoming enormous. Results: In approximately half of the cases, diagnosis was possible by means of ultrasound, computed tomography and, in three instances, by preoperative percutaneous aspiration. Differential diagnosis of pseudocysts proved to be most difficult. Conclusion: Given the low operative risk, resection should always be performed in instances where findings cannot be clearly identified. Moreover, compared with ductal pancreatic carcinomas, the prognosis of a cystadenocarcinoma after early resection is extremely favorable, so that postponing resection might reduce the patient's prospects of being cured. Received: 24 April 1998 Accepted: 13 October 1998     

胰腺囊性肿瘤40例诊疗分析

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治方法。方法对笔者所在医院科室2001年10月至2013年10月期间收治的40例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果胰腺囊性肿瘤无特殊临床表现,B超和CT检查对胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断正确率分别为57．5％（23／40）和72．5％（29／40）,但不能准确区分其组织学类型。40例患者均行手术治疗,其中2例患者误诊为假性囊肿而行内引流术,另外38例行胰体尾切除术。术后病理学检查证实浆液性囊腺瘤23例,黏液性囊腺瘤9例,导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤3例,黏液性囊腺癌5例。5例失访,35例患者获随访,随访时间为（74．2±12．8）个月（2个月～8年）;3例囊腺癌患者中1例肿瘤切除者至今存活（已随访8年）,2例肿瘤未切除者分别于术后4个月和7个月因肿瘤转移死亡;其余32例获访的囊腺瘤患者均存活至今。结论外科切除是治疗胰腺囊性肿瘤最有效的手段,即使是对于无任何症状的患者也应行积极的手术治疗。     

Cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Is preoperative diagnosis possible?

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors rarely undergo cystic degeneration leading to a radiologic appearance, which is often interpreted as a pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma or pseudocyst. We reviewed our experience with 38 neuroendocrine tumors, four of which were cystic, and 24 other cystic pancreatic tumors (mucinous cystadenoma [n = 5], cystadenocarcinoma [n = 6], serous cystadenoma [n = 3], solid/cystic papillary neoplasm [n = 3], intraductal papillary mucinous tumor [n = 6], and mucinous adenocarcinoma [n = 1]) managed operatively between 1990 and 2000. This review was undertaken to identify clinical and pathologic features useful for preoperative diagnosis of cystic neuroendocrine tumors. Two of the four patients with cystic neuroendocrine tumors presented with abdominal pain, one patient was asymptomatic, and one patient had hypoglycemia. Three of the four cystic neuroendocrine tumors were identified by CT scan, and none were biopsied preoperatively. Preoperative diagnoses included mucinous cystadenoma in two patients (n = 2), pancreatic cystic neoplasm in one patient, (n = 1) and insulinoma in one patient (n = 1). All four cystic neuroendocrine tumors were benign and were completely resected (distal pancreatectomy [n = 2], enucleation [n = 2]). Cystic neuroendocrine tumors are difficult to diagnose preoperatively because the majority of these tumors are nonfunctional, and CT does not differentiate these tumors from other cystic neoplasms. Cystic neuroendocrine tumors represent a subgroup of pancreatic cystic and neuroendocrine tumors with malignant potential. Their high resectability rate further supports the role of surgical exploration and resection in the treatment of pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Presented at the Third Americas Hepatopancreatobiliary Congress, Miami, Fla., February 22–25, 2001.     

An aggressive resectional approach to cystic neoplasms of the pancreas

BACKGROUND: Prognosis is good after curative resection for serous and mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. There has been a recent trend to resect all cystic neoplasms, without attempts to preoperatively determine the exact histologic subtype. Our purpose is to report on the results of such an aggressive surgical approach to all cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of 25 patients with cystic neoplasms of the pancreas treated between July 1991 and July 1998. Data include patient demographics, presenting symptom, operative procedure, pathologic diagnosis, periop morbidity and mortality, survival, and symptomatic follow-up data. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were women, with a mean age of 60 for the entire cohort. Mean follow-up was 24 months (range 6 months to 4.3 years) with complete follow-up possible in 92%. Twenty-three patients had curative resections and 2 had palliative resections. One patient with an uncinate mass had a partial pancreatectomy; 4 patients underwent distal pancreatectomy and 9 had distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy; 11 patients required a pancreatoduodenectomy, and of these, 4 had tumors involving the portal vein, necessitating a portal vein resection. Pathologic analysis revealed 12 serous cystadenomas, 4 mucinous cystadenomas, 3 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, 5 intraductal papillary cystic neoplasms, and 1 serous cystadenocarcinoma. The overall perioperative complication rate was 40% with 5 major and 5 minor complications. In the 11 pancreatoduodenectomy patients alone, there were 1 major and 4 minor complications. There were no pancreatic fistulas or portal vein thromboses and no operative mortalities. Two patients, both with mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, died of their disease at 6 and 16 months postoperatively. All 11 pancreatoduodenectomy patients have only mild pancreatic insufficiency relieved by daily enzyme replacement. CONCLUSIONS: The good outcomes in this study support an aggressive surgical approach to all patients diagnosed with a cystic neoplasm of the pancreas, if medically fit to tolerate surgery. This approach is justified for the following reasons: (1) preoperative differentiation of a benign versus malignant tumor is unreliable and routine testing for this purpose is of questionable utility; (2) potential adverse consequences of nonresectional therapy are significant; (3) perioperative morbidity and mortality of pancreatic surgery is low; and (4) prognosis with curative resection is good.