法氏囊新分离活性肽种类及生物学功能研究进展

正法氏囊(Bursa of fabricius,BF)是禽类特有的体液免疫的中枢淋巴器,是B淋巴细胞增殖分化的场所。其中,三肽囊素(BS)Lys-His-Gly-NH2是法氏囊组织中提取的第一个活性肽,是法氏囊的重要活性组成成分,能提高机体免疫系统功能,而且对哺乳动物也具有重要的免疫学活性及生理作用~([1-4])。以往的研究主要集中在囊素的研究,近年来,随着质谱技术在蛋白质分离鉴定方面的广泛应用,法氏囊组织     

向神经素对免疫系统作用的实验研究——Ⅱ.对免疫低下小鼠的影响

经 ALS处理造成免疫低下状态的小鼠,在注射 NSP后,脾脏 T细胞百分率明显回升,GVH活性和 PFC水平也略有恢复,但排异功能未见好转。裸鼠经 NSP多次注射后,脾脏出现大量T细胞,对SRBC的抗体应答反应和脾脏PFC的水平也有显著提高,但幅度有限。上述结果提示NSP可在一定程度上恢复或重建免疫低下动物的T细胞数量及其部分活性。     

带瘤小鼠T细胞集落形成率的动态变化及其机理的初步探讨

本文应用微量甲基纤维素培养系统测定了正常与带瘤(EAC)小鼠的T细胞集落形成能力。发现小鼠带瘤后脾脏中的T细胞集落形成能力显著低于正常鼠脾细胞。用带瘤鼠的无细胞腹水、腹水瘤细胞培养上清、脾细胞条件培养液以及脾脏PNA~+细胞培养上清等对培养系统进行处理.这些提取物均能抑制正常小鼠的T细胞集落形成.据此认为,肿瘤相关的提取物能通过某种可溶性抑制因子对T细胞集落形成产生抑制效应。     

db-cAMP对转化细胞增殖抑制及其对CaM水平和PKⅡ活性的影响

目的　探讨双丁酰 环核苷酸 (db cAMP)对转化细胞增殖及细胞表型作用的机理。　方法　以流式细胞光度术 (flowcytometry ,FCM)、软琼脂集落形成、放射免疫、Northern印迹和激酶活性分析等方法观察db cAMP对转化的C3H1 0 T1 2 小鼠成纤维细胞增殖、细胞表型、钙调素 (calmodulin ,CaM)表达及蛋白激酶Ⅱ (proteinkinaseⅡ ,PKⅡ )活性的影响。　结果　db cAMP(1mmol L)使C3H1 0 T1 2 转化细胞增殖及软琼脂集落形成能力受到显著抑制 ,转化细胞中CaM的表达及PKⅡ活性明显高于正常细胞 ,经db cAMP处理后也受到明显抑制。　结论　细胞转化及cAMP的诱导分化作用与PKⅡ活性的改变有密切相关性     

创伤对小鼠抗体分泌细胞的抑制作用及其纠正实验观察

<正> 本实验利用空斑形成细胞(简称PFC)测定法检测SRBC免疫小鼠脾细胞的抗体分泌细胞数,观察创伤对B细胞系统的抑制作用及抗体生成素对该抑制作用的纠正效应。 重18～22g的雄性昆明小鼠随机分为创伤组、创伤治疗(简称洽疗)组和对照组,每组10只,在实     

法氏囊中B细胞分化激素的发现

迄今为此,人们已从哺乳类动物的胸腺中发现数种肽类物质,这些肽能促使前T淋巴细胞分化发育,但未发现对B细胞分化有特异作用。作者以人类Daudi B细胞株和CEM T细胞株中cAMP及cGMP的变化为检测指标,从鸡的法氏囊中首次分离出一个三肽,其结构为Lys-His-Gly-NH_2。这种物质被称为囊素(Bursin)。囊素在体外能诱导哺乳类和鸟类的B前体细胞的表型分化,但对     

郁金挥发油对小鼠中毒性肝炎模型免疫功能的影响

采用四氯化碳法制造小鼠中毒性肝炎模型,通过碳粒廓清试验、溶血素测定、脾细胞PFC试验,观察郁金挥发油对其免疫功能的影响。实验表明,模型组经用郁金挥发油注射液治疗后,其溶血素含量和脾细胞PFC均明显降低(P<0.05,<0.01),说明郁金挥发油能调节中毒性肝炎小鼠的体液免疫,具有免疫抑制剂的作用。     

黄芪对免疫功能的双向调节作用——“北芪”对腺苷酸环化酶活力的影响

<正> 我们曾以溶血空斑试验(简称 PFC)及组织内 cAMP 和 cGMP 含量变化为指标,对中医益气固表方剂玉屏风散及其主药黄芪在机体免疫状态变化过程中的作用进行动态观察。发现该方及单味黄芪对 SRBC 致敏小鼠脾脏 PFC 具有双向调节作用,能使     

肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)研究进展

一、命名 1975年Carswell等发现,用内毒素、卡介苗(BCG)注射大鼠、小鼠及兔后,它们的血清可导致各种肿瘤的出血性坏死。他们将血清中具有此活性的因子称为肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,简称TNF)。之后有人发现该因子除具有杀伤肿瘤细胞作用外,也可杀伤间日疟原虫及少部分小鼠正常淋巴结T及B细胞,因而主张称其为细胞毒素(cytotoxin)。进一步研究又发现该因子由Mφ产生,它的基因结构、产生条件及促肿     

羧甲基变性半纤维素对小鼠某些免疫功能的影响

羧甲基变性半纤维素(CMMH)在一定浓度时,能显著促进DNCB和SPBC所致的小鼠皮肤迟发型变态反应,抑制血清中溶血素抗体生成和脾细胞介导的SRBC溶血,提示CMMH能调节T、B细胞的活性,可能是一种良好的免疫药物,并育可能成为一种有前途的抗癌新药。     

The mechanism of interaction between T and B lymphocytes in the in vitro response to sheep erythrocytes. Non-specific collaboration across a dialysis membrane.

Purified T lymphocytes from normal mouse spleen restored the antibody-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes of various B lymphocyte populations when separated from them by a cell-impermeable dialysis or nucleopore membrane. A 2-5-fold increase occurred when spleen cells from neonatally thymectomized mice or congenitally athymic mice, and an adherent spleen cell population were used as sources of B cells. Antigen was required in both T- and B-cell compartments, but a nonspecific reconstitution occurred when the antigens present in the two compartments were different. It is concluded that during the first 20 hours of culture, T lymphocytes produce a non-specific factor in response to antigen. Although the factor acts at a distance, it does not have a non-specific mitogenic effect upon all B lymphocytes. Some of its properties are similar to those of other reported T-cell factors and of the 'sheep erythrocyte reconstitution factor', found naturally in some batches of foetal calf serum.     

Rheumatoid Synovial Fluid Reconstitutes the B-Cell Defect in CBA/N Mice

Synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA-SF) contains a biological activity which can replace T cells for activation of antibody secretion in human blood lymphoid cells and which can also induce the selective differentiation of IgG2b-secreting cells in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-pre-activated mouse spleen cells. The B-cell activity of this factor was studied in CBA/N mice which have an X-linked B-cell immunodeficiency which manifests itself as a defective humoral response to certain thymus-independent antigens (TI-2). RA-SF has now been shown to reconstitute partly the B-cell deficiency in CBA/N splenic B cells in vitro. Addition of RA-SF to LPS-pretreated cell cultures results in IgG2b secretion in CBA/N spleen cells as well. In contrast to cells from normal CBA mice, cells from CBA/N mice cannot respond to interleukin 4 (IL-4) after addition of LPS with production of IgG1 antibodies in vitro. However, the addition of RA-SF completely restores a normal IL-4-induced IgG1 response. No other biologically active factors have been shown to allow the production of IgG antibody producing cells in CBA/N splenic B cells. It is postulated that the xid immunodeficiency could be the result of a deficient production of a biological activity which is abundant in RA-SF.     

Mouse hepatitis virus infection suppresses modulation of mouse spleen T-cell activation.

Natural infection by mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) can affect interpretation of immunological studies in mice. MHV, a collective term describing a group of corona viruses, is found in natural infections in over 70% of laboratory mouse populations in the U.S.A. and Canada. Natural outbreaks of MHV in our animal colony afforded us the opportunity to study MHV-induced immunosuppression as well as the effects of MHV infection on neurotransmitter immunomodulation. Concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated DNA synthesis by spleen T lymphocytes from MHV-infected mice was 20-50% that of non-infected mice. The MHV infection also altered neurotransmitter modulation of spleen T-lymphocyte activation. In contrast to noradrenaline ablation of Con A-activated DNA synthesis by spleen lymphocytes from non-infected mice, DNA synthesis by the infected group was not inhibited by noradrenaline or dibutyryl-cAMP. These effects of MHV infection were specific for spleen T lymphocytes since MHV infection did not alter Con A stimulation of thymocytes, lipopolysaccharide stimulation of spleen B lymphocytes, or noradrenaline inhibition of thymocyte and B-cell DNA synthesis. MHV infection also did not alter spleen T-lymphocyte subset proportions. Thus, MHV infection inhibits spleen T-lymphocyte activation and blocks in vitro catecholamine and cAMP regulation of spleen T-cell activation but does not affect activation of thymic cells or spleen B cells.     

B cell stimulating activity of seaweed extracts

The activity of seaweed extracts on murine and human lymphocytes was studied in vitro. The extracts of some kinds of seaweed, such as Hizikia fusiformis and Meristotheca papulosa, stimulated normal mouse spleen cells to proliferate. The responder cells are B cells, because the response was depleted by the treatment of spleen cells with anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) antibody and complement and being passed through a nylon wool column. This response is not due to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination, because seaweed extracts can stimulate spleen cells of C3H/HeJ mice which are LPS low responders. Seaweed extracts also enhanced Ig production by B cells and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by macrophages. Furthermore, seaweed extracts stimulated human lymphocytes to proliferate. All these B cell stimulating activities of seaweed extracts associated with glycoproteins whose molecular weights resided in 100 kD. These results suggest that seaweed extracts have stimulating activity on B cells and macrophages and this ability could be used clinically for the modulation of immune responses.     

Influence of age on the immunological activity and capacity of the CBA mouse.

The immunological activity and capacity were studied in the CBA mouse as a function of its age. The activity was determined by the number of immunoglobulin containing (C-Ig) cells in different lymphoid organs and the immunoglobulin levels of the serum in non-artificially stimulated animals. It was confirmed that in older age the bone marrow takes over from the spleen the role of the major site of immunoglobulin production. A clear decrease in the number of C-Ig cells was observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes and the Peyer's patches. The Ig serum remained constant after the sixth month of age, with the exception of an increase of IgG1 and IgG,2B. There was a striking increase in variation between the individual animals with advancing age. From these data it can be concluded that the B-cell system of old animals is as active as that of young adult animals. The immunological capacity of CBA mice of various ages was assessed by measuring the levels of specific antibodies after the administration of human serum albumin in complete Freund's adjuvant. A severe decline of the primary and the secondary response was observed on ageing. The reaction of three year old animals was negligible. The discrepancy between the declining immunological capacity and the constant or increasing immunological activity is explained by an age-related deficiency of the T-cell compartment in the spleen.     

The effect of nerve growth factor on DNA synthesis, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP accumulation by mouse spleen lymphocytes.

Nerve growth factor (NGF), a trophic neuropeptide, is known to stimulate development, and to be important in the maintenance and survival of sympathetic and sensory neurons. Considering the presence of specific receptors on the surface of spleen cells, the effect of 2.5s nerve growth factor on 3H-thymidine uptake, cAMP and cGMP accumulation in mouse spleen lymphocytes has been studied. It was found that NGF added in vitro at the concentrations between 4 x 10(-7) and 4 x 10(-8) M significantly inhibited the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into lymphocytes DNA and increased cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on cGMP levels. The maximal stimulation of cAMP synthesis occurred between 5 and 30 min after the NGF addition to the culture medium. When NGF was administered in vivo a significant dose-dependent inhibition of the lymphocytes proliferation was observed. These results indicate that an early increase of cAMP concentration is responsible for the antiproliferative action of NGF on mouse spleen lymphocytes and suggest that NGF could play an important role in the regulation of immune system function.     

Generation of Large Granular Lymphocytes and Lymphocyte Subset Changes Linked with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Eosinophilia in Rats—and the Effects of Ciclosporin

Administration of cyclophosphamide (Cy: 150 mg/kg i.p.) to rats 48 h before immunization with a T-dependent antigen (ovalbumin) resulted in a striking absolute eosinophilia in blood, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid organs after 10 to 14 days. This eosinophilia was preceded by a significant increase in the W3/25+/OX-8+ (T helper/inducer to T cytotoxic/suppressor) ratio in lymph nodes and spleen and accompanied by a pronounced rise in splenic OX-12+ (B cell) numbers. There was also a concomitant increase in cells with the morphology and immunophenotype (OX-8+, OX-19-) of large granular lymphocytes (LGL). It is suggested that the eosinophilia linked with the B lymphocytosis may be due to cell-derived soluble factors, including a possible equivalent of eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF = interleukin 5), which also has B-cell growth factor activity (BCGF II) in mice. Ciclosporin (CsA; 25 mg/kg/day per os) from the time of immunization, did not affect the incidence of W3/25+ cells in spleen or lymph nodes, but abrogated Cy-induced eosinophilia and reduced the extent of B-cell proliferation. In addition, CsA caused a further, marked increase in the incidence of OX-8+, OX-19-LGL within the spleen. The functional role(s) of these latter cells remains to be defined.     

Mitogenic Properties of Polyene Antibiotics for Murine B Cells

Two polyene antibiotics, nystatin and amphotericin B, were found to be mitogenic for mouse spleen cells as measured by induction of DNA synthesis and polyclonal antibody production. This effect was demonstrated on spleen cells from nude mice and anti-theta-treated spleen cells from normal mice. No effect was found on cortisone-resistant thymocytes or on spleen cells treated with anti-mouse bone marrow-derived lymphocyte antigen antiserum. Nor was there any effect on spleen cells passed through a nylon fiber column. Thus we conclude that nystatin and amphotericin B are murine B-cell mitogens.     

Cytokine effects on a B-cell line

The murine pre-B-like cell line, 70Z /3, has been shown to undergo differentiation in response to supernatants derived from concanavalin-A (Con A) stimulated rat spleen cells or ultraviolet light treated P388D1 macrophage cell line. After culture for 24 h with supernatant factors, normally membrane IgM negative 70Z /3 cells are induced to synthesize light chain and become high level membrane IgM expressors . The cytokine (s) responsible for inducing 70Z /3 cells to differentiate is different from interleukin-2 (IL-2), B-cell growth factor (BCGF), colony-stimulating factor (CSF) I and II, but one of the cytokines is either very similar or identical to interleukin-1 (IL-1). These results demonstrate that IL-1 or a molecule with very similar physical properties can act directly on a B-cell line and thus probably also on normal B cells to influence differentiation.