牛磺酸对血脂的影响

目的研究牛磺酸对大鼠实验性高脂血症的影响。方法预先给予β－丙氨酸造成牛磺酸缺乏。建立正常与牛磺酸缺乏大鼠高脂血症动物模型。观察外源性补充牛磺酸对高脂血症大鼠血中总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬＣ）的影响。结果（１）饲养法可诱发大鼠的实验性高脂血症，体内缺乏牛磺酸时，可加重高脂血症并出现明显动脉粥样硬化的病理改变；（２）每日口服牛磺酸（２ｇ／ｋｇ）能预防大鼠血中ＴＣ、ＴＧ升高或降低大鼠血中ＴＣ和ＴＧ水平，并能降低ＬＤＬＣ水平、升高ＨＤＬＣ水平。结论（１）内源性牛磺酸不足易导致血脂异常升高和动脉粥样硬化性病变；（２）牛磺酸对实验性高脂血症有良好降脂作用。     

大豆低聚糖对高脂大鼠脂质过氧化的影响

大豆低聚糖对实验性大鼠高脂血症的防治研究结果证明：能降低血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）（Ｐ＜０．０５），提高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）（Ｐ＜０．００１），提高ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ比值（Ｐ＜０．００１），降低血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）水平（Ｐ＜０．００１）；降低心肌组织过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）水平（Ｐ＜０．０１），提高心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性（Ｐ＜０．０１），有抑制脑组织过氧化损伤的趋势。结果提示：大豆低聚糖具有降低高脂大鼠血脂水平，拮抗过氧化损伤的作用。     

老年及老年前期糖尿病患者脂蛋白比值与血管并发症的关系

测定４５岁以上４０例糖尿病（ＤＭ）患者的系列血脂指标，结果表明，高密度脂蛋白２（ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ）／高密度脂蛋白３（ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ）、ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ／高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ三种脂蛋白比值与健康对照组差异非常明显（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。疾病状态时，脂蛋白颗粒间各组分比例发生变化，体内胆固醇（ＴＣ）转运失衡，导致动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）。分析表明，三种脂蛋白比值是ＤＭ血管并发症的优选指标。     

降脂抗栓灵治疗高血脂症及脂肪肝100例临床观察

目的观察降脂抗栓灵治疗高血脂症的疗效及安全性。方法１００例高血脂症患者随机分成两组，第１组８０例，每例服降脂抗栓灵每日９片。第２组２０例，服γ月见草油每日９粒。疗程均为８ｗ。结果治疗８ｗ后与治疗前相比，降脂抗栓灵组，血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬＣ）水平升高１４８％（Ｐ＜０００１）；血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ），甘油三酯（ＴＧ），（ＴＣ－ＨＤＬＣ）／ＨＤＬＣ的比值分别下降２４７％，３０６％，３１４％及３１９％（Ｐ均＜０００１）。在γ月见草油组上述指标未见明显改变。在降低血清ＴＣ，ＬＤＬＣ，ＴＧ和（ＴＣ－ＨＤＣＣ）／ＨＤＣＣ比值方面，降脂抗栓灵明显优于γ月见草油（Ｐ＜０００１）；在升高血清ＨＤＣＣ方面，降脂抗栓灵虽优于γ月见草油，但未见统计学差异。结论降脂抗栓灵是一种安全有效而易耐受的血脂调节药。     

高血压患者血脂,脂蛋白,载脂蛋白及胰岛素分析

本文就４９例高血压患者血脂、脂蛋白、载脂蛋白及血胰岛素（Ｉｎ）水平与４０例正常人比较分析发现：高血压患者体重指数（ＢＭＩ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白Ｂ（ａｐｏＢ）、血糠（Ｇ）及Ｉｎ均较对照组显著升高、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ、ａｐｏＡＩ、ａｐｏＡＩ／ａｐｏＢ及Ｇ／Ｉｎ较对照组显著降低。Ｉｎ水平随ＢＭＩ增加而升高。相关分析发现：ＨＢＰ患者Ｉｎ与ＢＭＩ和ａｐｏＢ呈正相关，与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ａｐｏＡＩ／ａｐｏＢ呈负相关。Ｇ／Ｉｎ与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ呈正相关。血浆ＴＧ与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ呈负相关。     

1089例老年及老年前期男性血脂现状分析

目的 研究本市１０８９例老年和老年前期男性的血脂现状。方法 采用标准化方法测定血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）水平。结果 ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ在６０￣６４岁时达到高峰。８０岁以上高龄男性ＴＧ下降,ＨＤＬ－Ｃ增高。老年前期和老年期男性ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ均值分别为４．８２和４．９８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１．５５和１．５０     

血液磁极化疗法治疗高脂血症40例疗效观察

目的　观察血液磁极化疗法（ 简称血磁疗法） 对高脂血症的治疗效果。方法　随机选择４０ 例高脂血症病例采用血磁疗法治疗，观察治疗前后血清胆固醇（ＴＣＨ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ） 、低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ－ Ｃ）、高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ－ Ｃ）含量变化。结果　血清ＴＣＨ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ下降，ＨＤＣ－ Ｃ上升。结论　血磁疗法治疗高脂血症有一定疗效     

中老年冠心病和脑梗塞患者血脂检测及其意义

测定４０岁以上６２例冠心病和８９例脑梗塞患者的１３项血脂指标，并与对照组进行了比较，结果表明，两疾病组男女低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ比值水平与对照组比较均有非常显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．００１～０．０１）。提示这三种脂蛋白（ＬＰ）比值水平对上述疾病更具重要的临床应用价值。努力使ＬＰ比值保持在正常状态，无疑对冠心病和脑梗塞的预防及治疗起积极作用。     

淡水鱼油制剂对实验性高血脂动物血脂水平的影响

大白鼠６０只按血胆固醇（ＴＣ）水平随机排序，分成基础饲料、脂肪乳、脂肪乳＋高（２．０ｍｌ／ｋｇ）、中（１．０ｍｌ／ｋｇ）、低（０．５ｍｌ／ｋｇ）剂量淡水鱼油组、脂肪乳＋氯贝丁酯（２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）组．家兔２０只分成脂肪乳、脂肪乳＋高、低剂量鱼油组和＋氯贝丁酯组．测定给予试验物品前及其后１０ｄ和４周的血ＴＣ、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白－胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、高密度脂蛋白－固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）等项指标．结果显示，淡水鱼油对脂肪乳所致大鼠高血脂的ＴＣ有明显降低，并剂量依赖性地降低ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ；对实验性高血脂家兔的ＴＣ、ＴＧ和ＬＤＬ－Ｃ均明显降低，其高剂量组降低更明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）．各鱼油组与氯贝丁酯组比较，其降低ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ的效果无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．     

尼尔雌醇替代治疗对绝经后妇女 脂及血流变的影响

目的观察尼尔雌醇替代治疗对绝经后妇女血脂及血液流变学的影响。方法对３６例绝经后妇女用尼尔雌醇进行替代治疗,剂量为每半月２ｍｇ,共６月,最后７ｄ加用安宫黄体酮８于用药前和治疗６月后分别测血脂及血液流变学指标。结果尼尔雌醇替代治疗６月后血总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、ＴＣ／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ均明显下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＨＤＬ－Ｃ明显升高（Ｐ〉     

Physicochemical Characterization of Novel Epoxidized Vegetable Oil from Chia Seed Oil

In this study, a novel epoxidized vegetable oil (EVO) from chia seed oil (CSO) has been obtained, with the aim to be employed in a great variety of green products related to the polymeric industry, as plasticizers and compatibilizers. Previous to the epoxidation process characterization, the fatty acid (FA) composition of CSO was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). Epoxidation of CSO has been performed using peracetic acid formed in situ with hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, applying sulfuric acid as catalyst. The effects of key parameters as temperature (60, 70, and 75 °C), the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide:double bond (H₂O₂:DB) (0.75:1.0 and 1.50:1.0), and reaction time (0–8 h) were evaluated to obtain the highest relative oxirane oxygen yield (Y_oo). The evaluation of the epoxidation process was carried out through iodine value (IV), oxirane oxygen content (O_o), epoxy equivalent weight (EEW), and selectivity (S). The main functional groups were identified by means of FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Physical properties were compared in the different assays. The study of different parameters showed that the best epoxidation conditions were carried out at 75 °C and H₂O₂:DB (1.50:1), obtaining an O_o value of 8.26% and an EEW of 193 (g·eq⁻¹). These high values, even higher than those obtained for commercial epoxidized oils such as soybean or linseed oil, show the potential of the chemical modification of chia seed oil to be used in the development of biopolymers.     

Hemp Seed Oil and Oilseed Radish Oil as New Sources of Raw Materials for the Synthesis of Bio-Polyols for Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams

We report on the development of open-cell polyurethane foams based on bio-polyols from vegetable oils: hemp seed oil, oilseed radish oil, rapeseed oil and used rapeseed cooking oil. The crude oils were pressed from seeds and subjected to an optimal solvent-free epoxidation process. Bio-polyols were obtained by a ring-opening reaction using diethylene glycol and tetrafluoroboric acid as catalysts. The resultant foams were analysed in terms of their apparent density, thermal conductivity coefficient, mechanical strength, closed cell content, short-term water absorption and water vapour permeability, while their morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that regardless of the properties of the oils, especially the content of unsaturated bonds, it was possible to obtain bio-polyols with very similar properties. The foams were characterized by apparent densities ranging from 11.2 to 12.1 kg/m³, thermal conductivity of <39 mW/m∙K, open cell contents of >97% and high water vapour permeability.     

Control of seed mass and seed yield by the floral homeotic gene APETALA2

APETALA2 (AP2) is best known for its role in the regulation of flower meristem and flower organ identity and development in Arabidopsis. We show here that AP2 also plays an important role in determining seed size, seed weight, and the accumulation of seed oil and protein. We demonstrate genetically that AP2 acts through the maternal sporophyte and endosperm genomes to control seed weight and seed yield. Thus, AP2 functions outside the boundaries of flower meristem and flower organ development to affect agronomically relevant traits in Arabidopsis.     

The effects of Xanthigen™ in the weight management of obese premenopausal women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and normal liver fat

Aim: To investigate the effects of Xanthigen (brown marine algae fucoxanthin + pomegranate seed oil (PSO)) on body weight, body fat, liver lipids, and blood biochemistry; and Xanthigen and its individual components on resting energy expenditure (REE) in obese, non-diabetic female volunteers with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and normal liver fat (NLF) content.
Methods: Sixteen-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Food record data, body composition, REE (only 41 volunteers with NAFLD) and blood sample analysis were assessed weekly for 16 weeks in 151 non-diabetic, obese premenopausal women with liver fat content above 11% (NAFLD) n = 113, and below 6.5% (NLF) n = 38.
Results: Xanthigen-600/2.4 mg (300 mg PSO + 300 mg brown seaweed extract containing 2.4 mg fucoxanthin) resulted in statistically significant reduction of body weight (5.5 ± 1.4 kg NAFLD group and 4.9 ± 1.2 kg NLF group, p < 0.05), waist circumference (NAFLD group only), body (3.5 ± 1.9 kg NAFLD group, p < 0.001; 3.6 ± 0.7 kg NLF group, p < 0.05) and liver fat content, liver enzymes (NAFLD group only), serum triglycerides and C-reactive protein. Weight loss and reduction in body and liver fat content occurred earlier in patients with NLF than in patients with NAFLD. Fucoxanthin ( > 2.4 mg) and Xanthigen-400/1.6 mg (200 mg PSO + 200 mg brown seaweed extract containing 1.6 mg fucoxanthin) significantly increased REE in NAFLD subjects compared to placebo.
Conclusions: Xanthigen promoted weight loss, reduced body and liver fat content, and improved liver function tests in obese non-diabetic women. Xanthigen and Fucoxanthin also increased REE. This product may be considered a promising food supplement in the management of obesity.     

Seed maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana is characterized by nuclear size reduction and increased chromatin condensation

Most plant species rely on seeds for their dispersal and survival under unfavorable environmental conditions. Seeds are characterized by their low moisture content and significantly reduced metabolic activities. During the maturation phase, seeds accumulate storage reserves and become desiccation-tolerant and dormant. Growth is resumed after release of dormancy and the occurrence of favorable environmental conditions. Here we show that embryonic cotyledon nuclei of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds have a significantly reduced nuclear size, which is established at the beginning of seed maturation. In addition, the chromatin of embryonic cotyledon nuclei from mature seeds is highly condensed. Nuclei regain their size and chromatin condensation level during germination. The reduction in nuclear size is controlled by the seed maturation regulator ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 3, and the increase during germination requires two predicted nuclear matrix proteins, LITTLE NUCLEI 1 and LITTLE NUCLEI 2. Our results suggest that the specific properties of nuclei in ripe seeds are an adaptation to desiccation, independent of dormancy. We conclude that the changes in nuclear size and chromatin condensation in seeds are independent, developmentally controlled processes.     

猕猴桃籽油抗衰老作用的实验研究

目的探讨猕猴桃籽油延缓衰老的作用机理。方法30只SD大鼠随机分为3组。对照组:每鼠每日灌服生理盐水和背部皮下注射150mg/kg生理盐水;模型组:每鼠每日灌服生理盐水和背部皮下注射150mg/kg125%D-半乳糖溶液;猕猴桃籽油干预组:每鼠每日灌服猕猴桃籽油0.670g/kg和背部皮下注射150mg/kg25%D-半乳糖溶液;每组时间均为8w。8w后测定各组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及皮肤组织羟脯氨酸的含量。结果与模型组相比,干预组SOD活性增高,MDA含量则显著下降,皮肤羟脯氨酸含量提高,差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论猕猴桃籽油可通过SOD、MDA及羟脯氨酸的调节而起到延缓衰老的作用。     

Evidence for participation of the methionine sulfoxide reductase repair system in plant seed longevity

Seeds are in a natural oxidative context leading to protein oxidation. Although inevitable for proper progression from maturation to germination, protein oxidation at high levels is detrimental and associated with seed aging. Oxidation of methionine to methionine sulfoxide is a common form of damage observed during aging in all organisms. This damage is reversible through the action of methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs), which play key roles in lifespan control in yeast and animal cells. To investigate the relationship between MSR capacity and longevity in plant seeds, we first used two Medicago truncatula genotypes with contrasting seed quality. After characterizing the MSR family in this species, we analyzed gene expression and enzymatic activity in immature and mature seeds exhibiting distinct quality levels. We found a very strong correlation between the initial MSR capacities in different lots of mature seeds of the two genotypes and the time to a drop in viability to 50% after controlled deterioration. We then analyzed seed longevity in Arabidopsis thaliana lines, in which MSR gene expression has been genetically altered, and observed a positive correlation between MSR capacity and longevity in these seeds as well. Based on our data, we propose that the MSR repair system plays a decisive role in the establishment and preservation of longevity in plant seeds.