局部随意皮瓣修复颜面部皮肤软组织缺损的应用

目的 探讨采用局部随意皮瓣修复颜面部各种病变切除后及外伤致皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 2008年7月-2013年6月,应用局部随意皮瓣修复颜面各部位皮肤软组织缺损56例,根据缺损的部位、形状及大小,设计不同的局部随意皮瓣,转移修复颜面部皮肤软组织缺损创面.结果 术后皮瓣全部存活良好,所有创面均Ⅰ期修复,随访3～6个月,切口愈合良好,色素沉着及瘢痕增生不明显,外形效果满意.结论 应用局部随意皮瓣修复颜面部皮肤软组织缺损可获得得满意的外观和功能效果,值得临床推广.     

多种局部皮瓣联合修复面部较大范围的皮肤软组织缺损

目的 介绍应用多种局部皮瓣联合修复面部较大范围皮肤软组织缺损的经验与体会.方法 在修复面部较大范围或特殊部位的皮肤软组织缺损时,根据创面的大小、形状、部位及周围皮肤情况,将2个或2个以上的局部皮瓣联合分区修复创面.修复皮瓣的面积为1.5 cm×2.0 cm～4.0 cm×5.0 cm,并将切口线沿面部分区的自然轮廓线(如鼻唇沟、鼻翼沟、颌鼻缝、睑缘、唇红缘、发际等)或皮肤皱纹处设计,使切口隐蔽.结果 术后皮瓣全部成活,无明显并发症发生.87例患者获随访1～48个月,修复皮瓣与周围皮肤组织在色泽、质地、轮廓等方面较匹配,切口瘢痕平软而且较隐蔽.肿瘤患者无复发.面部的轮廓及视觉效果良好,其形态及美学效果均满意.结论 应用局部皮瓣联合修复面部较大范围或特殊部位的皮肤软组织缺损的方法,是在遵循面部分区原则及保持面部固有形态结构特征的美学基础上,能获得满意的面部形态和美容效果的一种较好的修复方法.     

面部皮肤缺损几何分解后局部皮瓣修复

目的：介绍面部皮肤缺损几何分解后联合多个或多种局部皮瓣修复的经验与体会。方法：在修复面部较大范围、形状不规则或跨越面部不同美容分区的皮肤软组织缺损时,根据创面的大小、形状、部位及周围皮肤松动情况,将创面进行几何分解成2个或2个以上的规则形状的缺损,分别以相应的局部皮瓣联合修复创面。结果：对64例患者进行手术,术后创面均Ⅰ期愈合,皮瓣成活良好。47例获随访3～12个月,修复皮瓣与周围皮肤组织的色泽、质地相近,切口瘢痕平软且较隐蔽,面部轮廓无明显牵拉影响。结论：采用将面部创面几何分解后联合多个或多种局部皮瓣修复的方法,可以获得满意的面部形态和美容修复效果。     

面颊部血管瘤切除修复一例

目的 总结应用扩张皮瓣修复面颊部血管瘤切除后较大缺损的手术方法及临床效果. 方法 应用颊部扩张皮瓣及局部岛状皮瓣修复面颊部血管瘤切除后缺损1例,男,45岁; 血管瘤大小10 cm×6 cm.手术分两期进行,一期行组织扩张器植入术,二期行血管瘤切除、颊部旋转皮瓣和局部岛状皮瓣移位修复缺损创面. 结果 患者伤口Ⅰ期愈合,面部表情活动正常.1年后随访,血管瘤无复发,切口瘢痕不明显,获得良好的治疗和美容效果. 结论 颊部扩张皮瓣皮肤组织量充足,手术切口与颜面部美容单位边界一致,适宜于面颊部较大创面的修复.     

鼻唇沟皮瓣的分类及其在鼻部创面修复中的应用

目的 探讨鼻唇沟皮瓣的分类及其在鼻部皮肤缺损创面修复的方法.方法 根据鼻亚单位组成的美学原则,按鼻部皮肤软组织肿瘤切除后创面及创伤后皮肤缺损的部位、大小、深度及鼻唇沟区域组织可利用情况等,分别选择相应形式的鼻唇沟任意皮瓣转移修复鼻部缺损创面0.8 cm×0.8 cm～2.0 cm×3.0 cm,切取鼻唇沟皮瓣1.0 cm×1.0 cm～2.5 cm×3.5 cm.采用皮下蒂岛状鼻唇沟皮瓣者58例、改良菱形皮瓣者46例、"风筝"皮瓣者43例、易位皮瓣者9例、旋转皮瓣者11例,设计蒂在上方的鼻唇沟皮瓣109例,设计蒂在下方的鼻唇沟皮瓣58例,所有切取的皮瓣与创面大小匹配良好.结果 本组167例患者,其中165例创面Ⅰ期愈合;2例患者皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死.经局部换药后创面愈合.术后113例患者获随访1～60个月,鼻外形轮廓及视觉效果良好,修复组织与周围皮肤组织在色泽、质地、轮廓、光化性损害程度等方面相匹配,鼻唇沟区切口瘢痕不明显,获得满意的面部形态和美学效果.肿瘤无复发.结论 遵循鼻业单位美学原则,应用鼻唇沟任意皮瓣修复鼻部肿瘤切除及创伤后中等大小创面,不仅操作方便,面部彤态无明显改变,而且修复后创面的皮肤色泽、质地、轮廓等均能与周嗣皮肤达到较好的匹配和协调.町获得满意的功能和稳定的美学效果. 例患者,其中165例创面Ⅰ期愈合;2例患者皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死.经局部换药后创面愈合.术后113例患者获随访1～60个月,鼻外形轮廓及视觉效果良好,修复组织与周围皮肤组织在色泽、质地、轮廓、光化性损害程度等方面相匹配,鼻唇沟区切口瘢痕不明显,获得满意的面部形态和美学效果.肿瘤无复发.结论 遵循鼻业单位美学原则,应用鼻唇沟任意皮瓣修复鼻部肿瘤切除及创伤后中等大小创面,不仅操作方便,面部彤态无明显改变,而且修复后创面的皮肤色泽、质 、轮廓等均能与周围皮肤达到较好的匹配和协调.可获得满意的功能和稳定的美学效果. 例患者,其中165例创面Ⅰ期愈合;2例患者皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死.经局部换药后创面愈合.术后113例患者获随访1～60个月,鼻外形轮廓及视觉效果良好,修复组织与周围皮肤组织在色泽、质地、轮廓、光化性损害程度等方面相匹配,鼻唇沟区切口瘢痕不明显,获得满意的面部形态和美学效果.肿瘤无复发.结论 遵循鼻业单位美学原则,应用鼻唇沟任意皮瓣修复鼻部肿瘤切除及创伤后中等大小创面,不仅操作方     

局部皮瓣在颜面外伤软组织缺失修复中的应用

目的 探讨应用局部皮瓣修复面部外伤软组织缺失的美学效果.方法 自2005年7月至2007年12月,收治因各种外伤导致的颜面局部皮肤软组织缺失患者27例,采用鼻唇沟皮瓣、改良的菱形皮瓣、皮下蒂皮瓣、滑行推进皮瓣、A-T皮瓣等多种皮瓣进行修复.结果 27例面部软组织缺失患者,伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,所有皮瓣全部成活,经6～18个月随访,伤口瘢痕不明显,功能满意,美学效果良好.结论 面部外伤导致的皮肤软组织缺失,情况复杂多变,根据软组织缺损的部位、范围、形状,选择适当的局部皮瓣进行修复,能达到理想的美学修复效果.     

应用局部皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损

目的：探讨应用面部局部皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损的效果。方法：自2005年7月～2009年6月,应用局部皮瓣修复面部各部位的皮肤软组织缺损22例。根据各部位的情况设计局部皮瓣,转移修复面部皮肤软组织缺损创面。结果：术后随访22例患者3个月～5年,皮瓣完全成活,切口愈合良好,瘢痕不明显,修复的外形效果满意。结论：局部皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损创面是临床实用有效的方法,美容效果良好。     

皮瓣修复创面的美学效果研究

目的 探讨皮瓣修复创面的美学效果.方法 2004年1月-2011年12月,笔者单位收治需行创面修复的1996例患者(共计2082个创面),包括503个深度烧伤创面、268个溃疡压疮、392个外伤性皮肤软组织缺损创面、479个体表肿瘤及痣切除术后皮肤软组织缺损创面、314个瘢痕切除松解术后皮肤软组织缺损创面、126个其他类型创面.创面大小为1.5 cm× 1.0 cm～30.0 cm×22.0 cm.把握创面修复时机,按照皮瓣修复原则,应用局部皮瓣、带蒂皮瓣、扩张皮瓣、游离皮瓣修复上述各类创面.结果 术后48 h内5个皮瓣发生静脉回流障碍,其中2个皮瓣经局部按摩好转;1个皮瓣经局部应用肝素并静脉放血后成活;1个皮瓣经急诊手术取栓、大隐静脉桥接重新吻合后成活;1个皮瓣发生局部坏死,重新植皮后愈合.其余移植皮瓣成活良好.1321例患者术后随访3个月～2年,皮瓣形态良好,色泽、弹性近似正常.部分患者经过后期瘢痕整形,达到预期效果.结论 灵活应用皮瓣修复创面不仅愈合速度快、功能恢复好,同时可以获得较好的美学效果.     

局部皮瓣在面部软组织缺损美容修复中的应用

目的探讨局部皮瓣美容修复面部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法自2016年5月至2018年6月,收治面部肿物、瘢痕、外伤患者89例,术区缺损面积1.0 cm×1.2 cm～4.5 cm×5.3 cm,以面部美学亚单位分区为原则,根据面部软组织缺损部位、面积等,设计局部皮瓣一期美容修复。结果皮瓣成活良好,切口一期愈合。随访4～24个月,术区无明显瘢痕,肿物无复发,皮瓣与周边皮肤组织厚度、色泽无明显差异,无牵拉及不对称,外观与功能修复效果满意。结论应用局部皮瓣美容修复面部皮肤软组织缺损,损伤范围较小,操作简单,修复皮瓣的厚度、色泽与缺损处相似,瘢痕隐蔽,能够获得较满意的美学与功能修复效果。     

皮下蒂皮瓣与旋转皮瓣在颞部皮肤缺损修复中的联合应用

目的：探讨利用耳前邻近皮瓣与颞区邻近皮瓣联合应用修复颞部皮肤缺损的方法。方法：根据患者颞部皮肤肿物的大小,设计患侧耳前方皮下蒂皮瓣的切取范围并将切口线设计在耳前皱襞上。在颞部肿物外缘向耳上方延长切口线约为皮肤肿物直径的4倍,设计旋转皮瓣。2个皮瓣联合应用,修复颞部较大面积皮肤缺损。供区直接缝合。结果：共施行此类手术12例,患侧皮肤缺损修复满意,切口线相对隐蔽,面部器官形态功能均未受到影响,供区头发自然生长,瘢痕不明显。结论：利用皮下蒂皮瓣与旋转皮瓣联合修复颞部较大面积皮肤缺损,辅助切口少且切口隐蔽,同时皮瓣转移后自然平滑过渡,创面修复满意,无需植皮,瘢痕不明显。     

Soft-Tissue reconstruction of the face using the folded/multiple skin island radial forearm free flap.

Resection of malignant soft-tissue tumors of the face often results in defects of skin, lining, and contour. When local tissues are unavailable, the folded/multiple skin island forearm free flap has been used to correct complex lining, skin, and contour defects concomitantly. This study is a retrospective review of all patients reconstructed with folded/multiple skin island forearm flaps from 1992 to 2000. Facial defects included facial skin, mucosal lining, and intervening soft tissue. Reconstruction was immediate and was not combined with another local flap. There were 17 patients (mean age, 61 years). Five patients had cutaneous malignancies and 12 patients had either mucosal or salivary gland malignancy. Defects were of the cheek and nose either alone or in combination. Defects ranged from 9 to 54 cm2. Nine patients had defects of either the skin or the mucosa with an associated soft-tissue component. These were reconstructed with a folded forearm flap with one skin island. Eight patients had full-thickness defects and were reconstructed with a folded flap with two skin islands. Flap survival was 100%. One case required reexploration for hematoma. Aesthetic results were good to excellent in 76% of patients. Delayed wound healing at the donor site occurred in 2 patients (11%). The folded/multiple skin island forearm flap is a useful tool for single-stage reconstruction of complex facial defects requiring replacement of skin, lining, and intervening soft tissue. Good to excellent aesthetic results can be expected in most patients.     

扩张的锁骨前胸轴型皮瓣跨区修复面颌部大面积软组织缺损

目的　寻找一种修复面颌部大面积软组织缺损且不破坏颈部自然轮廓的的手术方法。方法　在锁骨下前胸部皮下植入 1～ 2个扩张器 ,经扩张后 ,提供与面部皮肤肤色、质地、厚度相近的组织瓣 :锁骨前胸皮瓣 ,跨过颈部 ,修复面颌部软组织缺损。结果　自 1998年 4月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月共治疗 10例面颌部烧伤后瘢痕挛缩病人。瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损面积为 14cm× 7cm～ 2 8cm× 9cm ;皮瓣形成面积为 17cm× 6cm～ 30cm× 9cm。随访 1～ 2年 ,外观及效果均满意。结论　应用扩张后的锁骨前胸皮瓣 ,跨区修复面部大面积软组织缺损 ,不仅能使面部外观和功能得到改善 ,而且不破坏颈部的自然轮廓 ,供区可直接缝合 ,是一种用于修复面颌部软组织缺损的理想手术方法。     

Segmental Reconstruction of the Face

BACKGROUND: Aesthetic facial reconstruction requires understanding regional anatomy and tissue movement and the ability to use innovatively the tissue adjacent to the defect to create a reconstruction that preserves the function of the area and the cosmetic facial units. OBJECTIVE: Facial reconstruction after Mohs micrographic resection of nonmelanoma skin cancer confined to one cosmetic unit was compared with reconstruction of two or more units using techniques to place scars at the junction of cosmetic units with combinations of local flaps and grafts. Acute complications, function, and final appearance of the reconstruction were evaluated. METHODS: During a 10-year period, 500 cases acquired prospectively had facial surgical defects repaired. Tissue was removed to place the closure line at the junction of cosmetic units and was mobilized from within one cosmetic unit with primary closure or local advancement, rotation, or transposition flaps. When the defect bridged cosmetic units, segmental repair was performed with combinations of flaps and grafts placing scars at the junction of cosmetic units. Segmental repair often combined advancement flaps to restore contours with full-thickness skin grafts to prevent distortion in areas with minimal loss of contour. Scars were more often unfavorably placed with single flap repair within a cosmetic unit. There was more flap loss with single flap repair of a single unit than with segmental facial repair using a combination of flaps and/or grafts. CONCLUSION: Segmenting the wound into smaller units reflecting the underlying cosmetic units of the face was useful to develop a reconstruction plan to replace tissue with similar tissue and to provide consistently satisfying aesthetic results. Facial contours were restored without distorting surrounding structures.     

Single stage aesthetic and functional reconstruction of composite facial gunshot wound with a chimeric functioning muscle and fibular osseous flap. Case report and review of the literature

The current concepts in the aesthetic and functional reconstruction of complex oromandibular defects are presented with a case of a patient with self‐inflicted gunshot wound to the face. The patient presented with a 6 cm composite mandibular defect; the buccomandibular and suborbital aesthetic zones of the cheek along with the mucosa lining, and the ipsilateral facial musculature were missing. A rapid prototyping model of the facial skeleton was used to assist in preoperative planning. A single stage reconstruction with two free flaps was planned; a free fibula osseous flap to reconstruct the mandibular defect, and a free chimeric ALT/functioning vastus lateralis muscle. The one skin paddle of the chimeric flap reconstructed the buccomandibular/suborbital zones of the cheek, and the other the lining of the mouth. The functional muscle provided reanimation of the corner of the mouth by coapting the muscle's motor nerve to the ipsilateral marginal mandibular nerve. A good facial contour and reanimation of the mouth with oral continence was achieved, and the patient presented with good social and emotional smile. This first report of combined use of a fibula osseous flap with a chimeric functional ALT/Vastus Lateralis flap suggests that the chimeric flap principle may be used in complex aesthetic and functional challenges of severe facial trauma.     

美容外科技术在面部创伤修复中的应用

目的：探讨在面部创伤修复中技术手段对疗效的影响。方法：49例面部创伤患者,在急诊处置时,分别或联合应用皮肤磨削术、局部皮瓣转移术、激光治疗等美容外科技术,以彻底清创和最大限度地修复组织缺损,并加强术后的抗瘢痕治疗措施。结果：本组病例中,切口全部Ⅰ期愈合,无粉尘着色,瘢痕增生不明显,48例不必要再次行整形美容手术。结论：美容外科技术应用于面部创伤修复中,能有效地减少继发畸形的发生,减轻患者的经济负担,具有良好的应用前景。     

A-T皮瓣在面部皮肤缺损修复中的应用

目的:介绍A-T皮瓣在面部皮肤缺损修复中的应用和效果。方法:将自然轮廓线的一侧作为A-T皮瓣中三角形的底边,将缺损设计在三角形内。将游离后的皮瓣向创面推进,关闭创面并形成T形外观。结果:皮瓣全部成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合,随访时间3~16个月,局部平整,没有"猫耳朵"形成,面部各器官没有扭曲和移位畸形。结论:A-T皮瓣是修复面部中等大小皮肤缺损的较可靠和理想的方法之一。     

扩张后皮瓣在面部美容整形中的应用

目的 探讨应用扩张后皮瓣修复面部色素痣、血管瘤、瘢痕等病损切除后创面的美容效果.方法 总结67例患者的治疗经验,根据面部病损的面积,选择适当容量的扩张器.切口一般选择在病损区,剥离平面位于SMAS筋膜浅层,剥离腔隙大于扩张囊边缘1.0～1.5 cm,止血完善后,置入扩张器,放置负压引流管.皮肤扩张充分后,扩张皮瓣的设计有推进皮瓣、旋转皮瓣、易位皮瓣等.推进转移利用扩张后的皮瓣面积充分,不需考虑供区缺损.易位皮瓣能最大限度利用扩张后皮瓣,并能克服旋转和推进皮瓣所带来的器官移位、变形等.同时,在面部设计皮瓣时应尽量减少切口,如切口不可避免时,使切口顺沿皮纹.结果 67例应用扩张后皮瓣修复面部病损切除后创面,皮瓣成活良好.术后效果满意.结论 面部有可供扩张的皮肤时,合理设计扩张后皮瓣修复病损切除后创面,是目前较好的治疗方法.     

Anteriorly Pedicled Retroauricular Flap for Repair of Auricular Defects

The reconstruction of the auricle is aesthetically very demanding. Various techniques have been used depending on the defect size, the defect location, and tissue involved. For better wound control and result predictability, we developed an anteriorly pedicled retroauricular flap. We used this modified double-full-thickness skin graft in three patients. This anteriorly pedicled flap provides a visible wound surface which makes wound dressing easy. The aesthetic outcome is good and predictable. No major complications were encountered during surgery or the healing phase. All patients were satisfied with the outcome. The described method offers a good option for reconstructing larger auricular defects with local tissue.     

Hemiface Rhytidectomy

In the current study, skin flaps raised in the subcutaneous plane were applied for 22 patients who underwent reconstruction for unilateral upper facial skin defects after skin tumor surgery. The defect was reconstructed with flaps designed via procedures similar to classic rhytidectomy techniques using periauricular and temporal skin incisions. Objective assessment of the aesthetic result was possible by comparison with the healthy contralateral side of the face. Immediate postoperative evaluation confirmed facial asymmetry due to unilateral skin tension. High patient acceptance of the procedure, uneventful flap healing, and good aesthetic results were achieved, with almost complete restoration of facial symmetry 1 year postoperatively. In conclusion, unilateral rhytidectomy without plication or resection of the subcutaneous musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is an ideal application of aesthetic surgical techniques for the reconstruction of unilateral skin defects.