Pin1和β-连环素在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨肽酰脯氨酰异构酶1（Pin1）与β-连环素在胃癌发生、发展中的作用。方法应用免疫组化SP技术对50例胃癌组织（胃癌组）及30例正常胃组织（对照组）中Pinl、β-连环素表达进行检测,分析两指标间相关性及与胃癌临床病理学特征的关系。结果胃癌组及对照组Pin1表达阳性率分别为24．0％（12／50）、0,B．连环素异常表达率分别为62．0％（31／50）、23．3％（7／30）,P均〈0．05;Pin1与β-连环素在胃癌组织中的表达密切相关（r=0．51,P〈0．01）;Pin1及β-连环素表达与胃癌病理分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）。结论Pin1和β-连环素异常表达可能在胃癌发生、发展中起重要作用,可作为指导肿瘤治疗及判断转移、预后等的参考指标之一。     

胃癌组织中COX-2、CD44v6和MMP-9蛋白表达及意义

目的探讨胃癌组织中环氧化酶-2（COX-2）、CD44v6和MMP-9蛋白表达在胃癌发生、发展过程中的作用。方法采用免疫组化Envision法检测104例胃癌患者癌组织中COX-2、CD44v6和MMP-9蛋白表达,并与28份健康胃黏膜组织比较。结果胃癌组织中COX-2、CD44v6、MMP-9蛋白阳性表达率分别为57．7％（60／104）、59．6％（62／104）和63．5％（66／104）,正常胃组织中均呈低表达或不表达,两者有显著性差异（P〈0．001）;三者表达均与肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期及淋巴结转移呈明显正相关（P〈0．05）,而与患者性别、年龄及肿瘤分化程度无明显相关性;COX-2表达与CD44v6和MMP-9表达呈明显正相关。结论COX-2、CD44v6和MMP-9的过表达可促进胃癌的浸润、转移,三者具有正协同作用;COX-2、CD44v6和MMP-9联合检测可用于判断胃癌生物学行为。     

新辅助化疗后大肠癌患者癌组织中CD44v6、p27的表达及意义

目的探讨新辅助化疗后大肠癌患者癌组织中CD44v6、p27的表达及意义。方法免疫组化法测定42例未化疔（对照组）及44例新辅助化疗后（观察组）大肠癌患者癌组织、癌旁组织和正常组织中CD44v6、p27的表达。结果两组癌组织中p27的表达低于癌旁和正常组织（P〈0．05）。p27表达与肿瘤分化程度密切相关（P〈0．05）。观察组癌组织中p27表达明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。两组癌组织中CD44v6表达高于癌旁和正常组织（P〈0．05）。CD44v6异常表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移、Duke’s分期密切相关（P〈0．01）。观察组中CD44v6表达显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论新辅助化疗能有效降低大肠癌细胞的侵袭与转移,检测CD44v6和p27蛋白表达水平有助于判断病变性质、复发转移潜能、评估患者预后及术后治疗方案的合理选择。     

CD44s和CD44v6在肺癌组织中的表达及意义

采用免疫组化法检测107例肺癌组织中标准型CD44（CD44s）和变异型CD44（CD44v）6的表达,结果，17例小细胞肺癌（SCLC）中，CD44v6和CD44s均无表达;非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中，CD44v6和CD44s在鳞癌中的阳性表达率（81．0％和83．3％）均高于腺癌（39．6％和54．2％），P均〈0．05;无淋巴结转移的NSCLC中，CD44v6阳性表达率（34．0％）低于CD44s（78．0％）。P〈0．05；有淋巴结转移的NSCLC中．CD44v6阳性表达率（90．0％）高于CD44s（55．0％），P〈0．05。NSCLC的CD44v6和CD44s表达与其病理类型、临床分期、肿瘤分级及淋巴结转移均有关（P均〈0．05）。认为CD44v6和CD44s可以作为鉴别SCLC与NSCLC及判断肺癌病理类型、临床分期、肿瘤分级及淋巴结转移的参考指标。     

胃癌组织中CD_（44） V6、E-钙黏附素的表达变化及意义

目的观察胃癌组织中CD44V6、E-钙黏附素（E-cadherin）的表达变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测198例胃癌组织、50例正常胃组织中的CD44V6、E-cadherin,以单克隆抗体细胞角蛋白（AE1/AE3）作为标记采用免疫组化方法判断胃癌淋巴结微转移。结果胃癌组织中CD44V6、E-cadherin的阳性率分别为78.79%、55.05%,正常胃黏膜组织中分别为0、100%,两者相比,P均〈0.05;CD44V6表达与胃癌生长方式、浸润程度及TNM分期有关（P均〈0.05）;E-cadherin表达与胃癌分化程度、浸润程度及TNM分期有关（P均〈0.05）,二者的表达呈负相关（r=-0.462,P〈0.01）。胃癌患者中,淋巴结转移108例,淋巴结微转移64例。CD44V6表达与淋巴结转移呈正相关（r=0.573,P〈0.05）,而与淋巴结微转移呈负相关（r=-0.329,P〈0.05）。E-cadherin与淋巴结转移及微转移均呈负相关（r分别为-0.496、-0.407,P均〈0.05）。结论胃癌组织中CD44V6、E-cadherin的表达增高,二者在胃癌的浸润转移过程中发挥重要作用。     

肾癌组织中E-钙黏素和CD44v6的表达及意义

目的观察E-钙黏素和CD44v6在肾癌组织中的表达,并探讨其意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测45例肾癌组织和15例正常肾脏组织中的E-钙黏素和CD44 v6。结果 E-钙黏素在肾癌组织中的阳性表达率为24.4%,显著低于正常肾组织的75.0%（P〈0.05）。CD44v6在肾癌组织中的阳性表达率为48.9%,高于正常肾组织的16.7%（P〈0.05）。E-钙黏素、CD44v6与肾癌临床分期、病理分级和淋巴结转移有关（P均〈0.05）。结论肾癌组织中E-钙黏素呈低表达,CD44v6呈高表达,二者与肾癌的发生发展有关,可作为预测肾癌侵袭转移的指标。     

胃癌患者血清和癌组织中CD44v6检测的临床意义

采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对胃癌患者手术前后和健康正常人血清可溶性CD44v6（sCD44v6）含量进行检测。并以免疫组化SP法测定癌组织和正常胃黏膜中CD44v6蛋白的表达。结果显示胃癌患者血清sCD44v6含量明显高于正常人，胃癌组织中CD44v6蛋白阳性表达率明显高于正常胃黏膜组织；胃癌患者血清sCD44v6含量和癌组织中CD44v6的表达与肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期密切相关。因此认为CD44v6的检测在胃癌的辅助诊断、手术疗效和浸润转移程度的判断以及预后评估等方面具有重要价值。     

大肠癌组织中CD44v6的表达及意义

目的 探讨大肠癌组织中CD44v6的表达,分析其与大肠癌临床病理指标的关系。方法采用高敏感性催化信号放大免疫组化技术,检测78例大肠癌组织、20例癌旁组织和20例正常大肠组织中CD44v6表达水平。结果大肠癌组织中CD44v6阳性表达率为83．3％,癌旁组织中为40％,正常组织中为阴性,两两比较,P〈0．01;CD44v6阳性表达与大肠癌的临床分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移及远处转移和患者预后有关（P〈0．05）。结论CD44v6的表达与大肠癌的侵袭、转移有关,并在大肠癌发生、发展中发挥重要作用。大肠癌组织中CD44v6的表达情况可作为判定其预后的新生物学指标。     

胃癌组织中CD_（44）v6和VEGF的表达变化及意义

目的观察胃癌组织中黏附分子CD44拼接变异体v6（CD44v6）及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测60例胃癌组织及30例正常胃组织中的CD44v6和VEGF。结果胃癌组织中CD44v6和VEGF表达高于正常胃组织;胃癌组织中CD44v6和VEGF表达与胃癌临床分期、淋巴结转移及浸润深度有关;胃癌组织中CD44v6和VEGF表达呈正相关（r=0.402,P〈0.05）。结论胃癌组织中CD44v6和VEGF呈高表达,二者可能参与了胃癌的发生、发展过程。     

乳腺癌转移患者CD44v6变化及意义

采用免疫组化法检测乳腺癌患者原发灶及转移灶中黏附分子CD44v6、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）及雌激素受体（ER）的表达情况。结果显示，原发灶CD44v6及PCNA表达阳性细胞数及平均灰度均高于转移灶（P〈0．05）；转移灶中，CD44v6与PCNA表达呈正相关（r=0．54，P〈0．05）。提示CD44v6表达与乳腺癌转移有关，是判定其预后的有价值指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.