三联疗法治疗HP相关性出血性十二指肠溃疡的远期疗效观察

目的;观察三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌,预防溃疡复发与再出血的远期疗效。方法：选择有ＨＰ感染的出血性十二指肠溃疡患者５８例,随机分为两组。治疗组３６例,用丽珠得乐冲剂,呋喃唑酮片剂,泰胃美片治疗２周;对照组２２例,单用泰胃美片治疗２周,疗程结束后,两组患者均再用泰胃美治疗２周。总疗程结束后４周及每半年复查胃镜和ＨＰ,定期随访２年。     

铋制剂,洛赛克,替硝唑治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡的近期和远期疗效观察

目的：观察铋制剂、洛赛克、替硝唑治疗幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）阳性消化性溃疡的近期和远期疗效。方法：将１０２例患者随机分为两组,治疗组（５２例）：丽珠得乐部剂１．０ｇ,１ｄ４次;洛赛克２０ｍｇ,替硝唑０．５ｇ,１ｄ２次口服;疗程２周。对照组（５０例）：洛赛克２０ｍｇ,ｑｄ头孢羟氨苄０．５ｇ,１ｄ４次;甲硝唑４００ｍｇ,１ｄ２次;疗程２周。疗程结束后２周行胃镜检查,病理检查及Ｈｐ检测;并于半年,１年进行相应的随访,结果：治疗组和对照组溃疡愈合率分别为９０．３８％和８８．００％,Ｈｐ根除率分别为８８．４６％和８６．００％,两组比较无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。治疗组疗程后半年、１年溃疡复发率为２．１７％和４．３５％,Ｈｐ再发率为４．３５％和６．５２％;对照组疗程后半年、１年溃疡复发率为１４．２９％和１９．０５％,Ｈｐ再发率为     

雷尼替丁三联疗法对幽门螺杆菌阳性十二指肠溃疡的近期及远…

对８２例幽门螺杆菌阳性的十二指肠溃疡用雷尼替丁，羟氨苄青霉素和甲硝唑三联疗法２周，追踪１年，并与１４５例铋剂三联疗法病例对照。结果治疗组溃疡愈合率８７．８％，ＨＰ根除率８９．０％，对照组两参数为９２．４％和８５．７％（Ｐ均〉０．０５）。     

三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌相关性消化性溃疡疗效观察

目的：研究不含甲硝唑的短程低剂量质子泵抑制剂（ＰＰＩ）三联疗法对幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）根除消化性溃疡愈合的疗效。方法：采用随机双盲对照研究。将４７ 例ＨＰ阳性的消化性溃疡患者随机分为２ 组,即Ａ组（低剂量三联）采用达克普隆３０ ｍ ｇ １次／ｄ 加克拉霉素２５０ ｍ ｇ ２ 次／ｄ 加阿莫西林５００ ｍ ｇ ２ 次／ｄ,连服１０ ｄ;Ｂ组（安慰剂）采用胃舒平３片,２ 次／ｄ,连用４ 周,双盲双模拟用药。疗程结束后４ 周复查胃镜。结果：Ａ组ＨＰ根治率和溃疡愈合率分别为９３．３％ 和８６．７％ ,明显高于Ｂ组的０ 和２３．５％ （均Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。前者对症状缓解作用好、速度快,无明显副作用,患者依从性好。结论：短程低剂量ＰＰＩ三联疗法是治疗ＨＰ相关性消化性溃疡较为理想的治疗方案,尤其对甲硝唑耐药者更值得试用     

胃苏冲剂三联疗法治疗消化性溃疡近期及远期疗效

目的观察胃苏冲剂三联疗法治疗消化性溃疡近、远期效果．方法经内镜确诊的53例消化性溃疡患者，其中GU7例，DU46例，男32例，女21例，年龄18岁～72岁．病程6mo～18a．临床表现为痞满36例，上腹疼51例，纳呆26例，嗳气35例，泛酸48例．应用胃苏冲剂（主要由紧苏梗、香附、陈皮、佛手等中药组成）、甲硝唑和羟氢苄青霉素三联治疗，并与对照组32例用麦滋林S颗粒、甲硝唑和羟氢苄青霉素三联疗法进行比较，胃苏冲剂或麦滋林S颗粒均3wk为一疗程，甲硝唑、羟氨苄青霉素均2wk为一疗程．疗程结束后复查内镜和尿素酶法测定Hp．结果经胃苏冲剂三联疗法治疗3wk后，总愈合率治疗组45／53例（81．1％），Hp根除率42／47例（89．3％），Hp根除率2／6（33．3％）；对照组27／32（84．3％），Hp根除者26／28（92．1％），未根除者1／4（25％）．两级总愈合率和Hp根除无明显差异（P＞0．05），两组内Hp根除的愈合率高于未根除者，差异有显著性（P＜0．05），追踪1a，治疗组已愈合43例，7例（16．2％）复发，其中Hp转阳的11例中7例（63．6％）复发，Hp阴性42例中仅5例（11．9％）复发，Hp阳性与阴性组复发率差异显著（P＜0．01），两组溃疡复发率差异不显著（P＞0．05）结论胃苏冲剂三联疗法治疗消化性溃疡有较好的近、远期     

不同三联方案治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡的多中心临床研究

目的 观察不同三联方案“丽珠胃三联”药物搭配、疗程和剂量的效果来探索较理想的治疗幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）的方案。方法 Ｈｐ阳性的十二指肠溃疡１２６例、胃溃疡４０例。随枘发成三组：Ａ组；枸椽酸铋钾０．２２ｇ／次＋克拉霉素０．２５ｇ／次＋替硝唑０．５ｇ／次，称“丽珠胃三联”，均为２次／ｄ，疗程７ｄ：Ｂ组：药物组成、用法同Ａ组，但疗程为１４ｄ；Ｃ组：奥美拉唑２０ｍｇ，甲硝唑４００ｍｇ，阿莫西林１ｇ，均为２次／ｄ，疗程７ｄ，观察记录Ｈｐ根除情况、溃疡愈合情况、临床症状改善情况及不良反应。结果 １６０例完成治疗及复查，失记６例，Ｈｐ根除率Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三组分别为８７．９％，８７．０％，８６．８％。差异无显著性（Ｐ〉０．０５）；胃溃疡治疗后的总有效率分别为９２．３％。９０．９％及９２．９％；十二指肠溃疡治疗后的总有效率分别为９７．８     

改良果胶铋四联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性十二指肠溃疡

目的：探讨果胶铋、雷尼替丁、痢特灵和四环素每日服２次,２周疗法对确诊为幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｐｙｌｏｒｉ,ＨＰ）阳性的十二指肠溃疡的疗效及费用分析。方法：６０例农村患者随机分成四联疗法组（３０例）和新三联（由奥美拉唑、克拉霉素、甲硝唑组成）疗法组（３０例）,服药前及停药４周行胃镜检查和组织活检。结果：改良果胶铋四联疗法的溃疡愈合率、ＨＰ根除率和不良反应出现率分别为９３．３％、８６．７％和２０．０％,而新三联组则分别为９６．６％、９０．０％和１６．６％,２组比较均无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论：由雷尼替丁、果胶铋、痢特灵和四环素组成的每日服药２次,连服２周的四联疗法,对ＨＰ阳性十二指肠溃疡疗效好,价格便宜,适合山区农村医院推广。     

以埃索美拉唑为基础的三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性十二指肠球部溃疡的疗效分析

目的 研究埃索美拉唑+阿莫西林+左氧氟沙星的三联疗法对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)阳性十二指肠球部溃疡(Du)的疗效.方法 实验组58例,埃索美拉唑+阿莫西林+左氧氟沙星三联疗法,治疗1周,其中28例疗程结束,余30例继续单用埃索美拉唑3周,疗程4周.对照组50例,埃索美拉唑+阿莫两林+甲硝唑二联疗法,治疗1周,其中24例疗程结束,余26例继续单用埃索美拉唑3周,疗程4周.结果 实验组和对照组比较,不论是1周疗程,还是4周疗程,两组患者的症状缓解率、溃疡愈合率均无显著性差异,但幽门螺杆菌(Hp)根除率实验组均明显高于对照组;两组患者中1周疗程和4周疗程比较,两种疗程的症状缓解率、溃疡愈合率、Hp根除率均无显著性差异.结论 埃索美拉唑+阿莫西林+左氧氟沙星的三联1周疗法治疗Hp阳性的DU,可获得满意的临床疗效和Hp根除率.     

根除幽门螺杆菌对出血性十二指肠溃疡自然病程影响的3年随访研究

目的：探讨根除幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）对出血性十二指肠溃疡自然病程的影响。方法：选择胃镜证实的出血性十二指肠溃疡病人１３６例，均有Ｈｐ感染（胃粘膜Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色和１４Ｃ尿素呼吸试验二项均阳性）。予奥米拉唑２０ｍｇ，每日２次；羟氨苄青霉素７５０ｍｇ，每日２次；甲硝唑４００ｍｇ，每日３次，疗程２周。疗程结束后４周复查胃镜和Ｈｐ，溃疡愈合者分Ａ组（Ｈｐ根除）和Ｂ组（Ｈｐ未根除）进入随访阶段，随访观察３年。结果：溃疡愈合１２４例（９１２％），Ｈｐ根除１１１例（８１６％）；Ｈｐ根除的溃疡愈合率为９９１％（１１０／１１１），显著高于Ｈｐ未根除的５６％（１４／２５，Ｐ＜０００５）；Ｂ组１年内溃疡复发率达１００％，显著高于Ａ组８３％（Ｐ＜００５）；Ｂ组３年累积再出血率１００％，显著高于同期Ａ组的９０％（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：根除Ｈｐ可提高十二指肠溃疡愈合率和减少溃疡复发率，尤可显著减少溃疡再出血率，提示根除Ｈｐ很可能改变出血性十二指肠溃疡的自然病程。     

瑞倍三联疗法治疗十二指肠球部溃疡及根除幽门螺杆菌的临床观察

目的 观察枸橼酸铋雷尼替丁(Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate，RBC瑞倍)为主的4周三联疗法的十二指肠球部溃疡治愈率及出门螺杆菌(Helicohbacter Pyliri，HP)根除疗效及安全性。方法将80例十二指肠球部溃疡及HP阳性患者随机分为瑞倍治疗组(A组)与奥美拉唑三联疗法组(B组)，疗程为4周。用C14呼气实验检测HP根除效果，并于疗程结束后1个月复查胃镜，评价溃疡愈合率。结果 两组HP根除率分别为：A组：95．0％，B组87．5％，溃疡治愈率为：A组：97．5％，B组：95．0％。结论 以瑞倍为主的三联疗法的溃疡治愈率和HP根除率与奥美拉唑组相似。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.