羟基磷灰石义眼座眶内植入139例分析

目的探讨带预置缝线的羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite，HA)义眼座直接植入眶内的手术效果。方法自1997年9月～2002年6月进行带预置缝线的HA义眼座直接植入眶内手术139例(139眼)，其中Ⅰ期眶内义眼座植入117眼，Ⅱ期眶内义眼座植入22眼。随访6～24月，平均11．8月。结果139眼术后出现轻微眼睑及球结膜水肿，4眼结膜切口裂开，经保守治疗自愈。2眼HA义眼座暴露，经修复后愈合。随访观察139眼义眼活动良好，眼窝饱满；Ⅰ期较Ⅱ期植入的义眼活动度大，外观更逼真。未发生义眼座脱出及感染等并发症。结论眼球摘除术后植入HA义眼座，提高了眼球运动效果和面部美观程度，效果较好。     

带预置缝线羟基磷灰石义眼座眼眶内植入的临床研究

我院自 1996年 2月开始应用带预置缝线羟基磷灰石(ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙａｐａｔｉｔｅ,ＨＡ)义眼座直接植入眶内的方法对需Ⅰ、Ⅱ期眶内义眼座植入的 176例患者进行治疗 ,取得较好的效果 ,现报告如下。1 资料和方法 :(1)对象 :取本院 1996年 2月至 1998年7月间在本院行带预置缝线ＨＡ义眼座眶内植入的患者 176例 (176只眼 ) ,男性 116例 ,女性 6 0例 ;年龄 2个月至 6 7岁。其中眼球摘除术后Ⅰ期眶内义眼座植入术 12 0例 ,Ⅱ期 5 6例。随访时间 5～ 30个月 ,平均 9 6个月。 (2 )带预置缝线ＨＡ义眼座的制备 :采用本中心生产的珊瑚型义眼座 145例 ,…     

儿童患者羟基磷灰石义眼台眶内植入的疗效观察

目的　评价儿童患者眼球摘除术后用羟基磷灰石 (hydroxyapatite,HA)义眼台眼眶内植入的疗效。方法　儿童患者眶内HA义眼台植入 1 3 3例 ,其中采用异体巩膜包裹义眼台 3 5例 ,带预置线义眼台直接眶内植入 98例。结果　术后义眼台活动度较好 ,所配戴义眼外观满意。并发症主要为义眼台暴露 ( 1 5例 ,1 1 3 % ) ,其中异体巩膜包裹义眼台发生率为 2 0 % ,带预置线义眼台为 8 2 % ,放射治疗后为 60 %。结论　儿童患者眶内植入HA义眼台有助于眼眶发育和美容 ,眼眶放射治疗后易发生义眼台暴露 ,使用带预置线义眼台可减少并发症。     

羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术的临床观察

目的 观察眼球摘除或眼内容摘除术后珊瑚羟基磷灰石义眼座(HA)眶内植入的修复疗效。方法 对20例眼球摘除或眼内容摘除术后的患者采用珊瑚多孔羟基磷灰石义眼座行Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期眶内植入，术中不使用异体巩膜，观察其疗效。结果 随访2—30月均获得良好的效果，术后眼眶及眼脸外观满意度高，除2例术后早期球结膜裂开外，未发现眶内感染、植入物排出或移位现象。结论 珊瑚羟基磷灰石义眼座眶内植入疗效满意，具有并发症少，外观满意和疗效稳定持久的优点。是目前无眼球畸形的良好眶内充填材料。     

羟基磷灰石义眼座眼窝植入两种术式的比较

目的 观察应用不同术式时羟基磷灰石义眼座的效果。方法 27例分为两组，分别采用巩膜包裹义眼座眶内植入法和直接植入肌锥中的方法。结果 共完成27例(27眼)，随访3—24月，手术效果良好。其中3例术后早期发生结膜伤口裂开，但未出现义眼座外露。结论 羟基磷灰石义眼座是眼窝填充术的理想材料。直接植入肌锥中的方法较简捷。     

眶内二期羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术

目的探讨眶内二期羟基磷灰石义眼台植入手术的临床疗效及在不同情况下的手术方式选择。方法对33例行眼球摘除或眼内容物剜出术后的患者采用珊瑚多孔羟基磷灰石(HA)义眼台行二期眶内植入术，观察其外观修复效果。结果术后随访6～24个月，眼部外观满意度达78．8％，无感染、义眼台排出或移位等现象；并发症主要有术后球结膜裂开、义眼台部分外露等。结论眶内二期羟基磷灰石(HA)义眼台植入术，是眼球丧失后疗效较好的眼眶充填手术。     

带线羟基磷灰石义眼座非包裹植入的临床分析

目的评价带线羟基磷灰石义眼座(HA)无包裹植入的临床疗效。方法对29例眼球摘除术后患者,采用带线羟基磷灰石义眼座作为眼窝植入物,无包裹直接植入。Ⅰ期植入21例。Ⅱ期植入8例。结果分别随访5-18月,4眼术后出现球结膜裂开,2眼术后轻度上睑下垂,1眼术后五月义眼座中度暴露,均经相应治疗后恢复。其他病例手术效果良好,无植入物脱出及移位,义眼座活动度良好。结论带线羟基磷灰石义眼座直接植入术,具有操作简单、材料易得、并发症少等优点,具有良好的应用前景。     

羟基磷灰石义眼台Ⅱ期眶内植入术术式的探讨

目的 探讨羟基磷灰石义眼台Ⅱ期眶内植入术的最佳手术方式。方法 对18例(18眼)眼球摘除(或眼内容摘除)术后1周至33年的患者采用羟基磷灰石义眼台Ⅱ期眶内植入，观察其疗效。其中无自体巩膜者15例中的7例采用异体巩膜包裹义眼台植入肌锥内；另8例不用异体巩膜包裹而直接将义眼台植入肌锥内。有自体巩膜者3例，在剪断外直肌及视神经后，将义眼台从颞侧植入肌锥内(巩膜壳后)。结果 术后眼眶及眼睑外观满意，义眼活动度良好，义眼台眶内固定，术后随访5～36月，除异体巩膜包裹的1例发生排斥反应而取出义眼台外，其余无发生义眼台移位、脱出或眶内感染者。结论 Ⅱ期羟基磷灰石义眼台直接植入眶内，比用异体巩膜包裹植入眶内，操作简便、术后无排斥反应、效果更好。     

无包裹羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术的临床观察

目的　观察无包裹羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术的临床效果。方法　3 2眼行无包裹羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术,术中均行眼球筋膜囊与球结膜分层无张力对位缝合并加用闭睑缝线,术后抗炎治疗,2～3周后行义眼植入,回顾分析其临床效果。结果　行无包裹羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术的3 2眼经2～2 4月的随访观察,无结膜裂开和植入物的暴露者。结论　无包裹羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术是较好的手术方式。     

巩膜花瓣状成形羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术疗效观察

目的 探讨巩膜花瓣状盛开有羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术的手术效果.方法 22例行有包裹无预置缝线的巩膜花瓣状成形HA植入术,随访3～17月,观察术后效果.结果 22例中术后1例结果菲薄,巩膜缝线外露,1月后重新缝合盘腊结腊治疗后愈合.1例结膜囊狭窄.未发生义眼座暴露、脱出及感染等并发症.结论 巩膜花瓣状成形羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术术后并发症少,义眼座活动好,手术方便易行、疗效较可靠.     

Treatment of intractable orbital implant exposure with a large conjunctival defect by secondary insertion of the implant after preceding dermis fat graft

AIM:To report a procedure and results of a two-stage operation to manage intractable extensive orbital implant exposure with a large conjunctival defect which was difficult to treat with dermis fat grafts due to repeated graft necrosis.METHODS:A retrospective chart review of four patients who had extensive orbital implant exposures with large conjunctival defects and had past histories of repeated autologous or preserved dermis graft failures was done. As a first-stage operation, the problematic pre-existing orbital implants were removed and autologous dermis fat grafts alone were performed on the defect area. Four months later, new orbital implants were secondarily inserted after confirmation of graft survival. The size of the conjunctival defects and state of the extraocular muscles were checked preoperatively. Success of the operations and complications were investigated.RESULTS:The mean size of the conjuctival defects was 17.3mm×16.0mm, and the mean time from the initial diagnosis of orbital implant exposure to implant removal and autologous dermis fat graft was 20.8 months. After implant removal and autologous dermis fat graft, no graft necrosis was observed in any patients. Also, implant exposure or fornix shortening was not observed in any patients after new orbital implant insertion.CONCLUSION:The secondary insertion of a new orbital implant after pre-existing implant removal and preceding dermis fat graft is thought to be an another selective management of intractable orbital implant exposure in which dermis fat grafts persistently fail.     

几种HA义眼座植入方法的比较及义眼片安装效果分析

目的 对3种活动羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术进行对比,总结临床经验及眼片制作安装的注意事项。方法 回顾89例活动羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术患者,对其手术效果,并发症,手术及眼片制作安装注意事项进行总结。结果 84例最终手术效果让医生及患者满意,并发症包括义眼座暴露14例,球结膜变薄5例,结膜囊瘢痕肉芽肿1例,义眼座移位4例,义眼座下垂下睑外翻1例。结论 羟基磷灰石义眼座植入及义眼片的安装应该注意个体化,手术操作细致能够减少各种并发症的发生     

羟基磷灰石义眼台Ⅱ期植入矫正重度眼窝内陷

目的探讨羟基磷灰石义眼台Ⅱ期植入术矫正眼窝重度内陷效果。方法对26例（26眼）眼球摘除或眼内容摘除术后半年至38年采用羟基磷灰石义眼台Ⅱ期眶内植入。结果眼窝重度内陷矫正术后外观良好。义眼活动度好,双眼相似,真假难辨。术后随访3～5年无排斥反应发生,未发现义眼台移位、脱出或眶内感染者。结论Ⅱ期眶内植入义眼台矫正眼窝重度内陷要根据眶内容积大小和结膜囊腔大小选择术式和合适的义眼台,并需要用异体巩膜固定在4条直肌附着处覆盖于义眼台表面,可以增加义眼活动度,并可防止义眼台排出。     

深低温保存羊膜在結膜重建中的臨床應用

目的評價深低温保存羊膜移植進行結膜重建的手術療效,并分析羊膜移植結膜重建手術成功的基本條件和具體手術方法與操作要點.方法用深低温保存的羊膜治療43例結膜整形患者.無眼球結膜囊狹窄10例,大面積結膜腫瘤13例,瞼球粘連9例,復發性胬肉7例,并嘗試對少數病例(4例)義眼座暴露,進行羊膜修補.結果隨診6～18個月,總治愈率達88.64%,無眼球結膜囊狹窄的治愈率為80%,瞼球粘連的治愈率達88.89%,大面積結膜腫瘤和復發性胬肉的治愈率皆為100%,而應用深低温保存羊膜修補羲眼座暴露,治愈率祗有50%.結論深低温保存的羊膜是一種有良好發展前景的生物材料,羊膜移植結膜重建術後整形外觀良好.在具體實踐中,結膜重建的手術效果不僅與羊膜的制備和保存有關,而且受手術方式的選擇,手術操作技巧以及術後處理的强烈影響.     

Enucleation with on-the-table evisceration. Is it a good technique?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical technique of enucleation followed by an "on-the-table evisceration" and placement of a hydroxyapatite orbital implant wrapped by the patient's own sclera for the treatment of blind phthisis painful eyes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this single-center retrospective study, 50 consecutive patients undergoing an operation using the same surgical technique, between April 1993 and November 1999, were studied. Patients underwent enucleation, then the eyeball was eviscerated "on the table". The patient's own cleaned sclera was used to wrap a hydroxyapatite orbital implant, the posterior pole of the sclera was placed at the anterior pole of the implant. Conjunctival breakdown, sphere size, conjunctival discharge, the first signs of sympathetic ophthalmia motility, and cosmetic results were analysed. RESULTS: After an average follow-up of 13.3 months few complications were encountered: 4 cases (8%) of inclusion cyst and 3 cases (6%) of discharge. The implant placed had a diameter of 18 mm, 20 mm, 22 mm in, respectively, 48%, 48%, and 4% of the eyes. The prosthesis motility was good, medium, and poor in, respectively, 33 (78.6%) cases, 8 (19%) cases, and 1 (2.4%) case. The prosthesis tolerance was good, medium, and poor in respectively 86%, 10%, and 4% of the cases. CONCLUSION: The surgical technique of enucleation followed by an "on-the-table" evisceration and autologous sclera wrapping a hydroxyapatite implant is an easy procedure. It allows, on phthisis eyeballs, the placement of a large orbital implant for good cosmesis results, without major complications.     

The use of vicryl mesh in 200 porous orbital implants: a technique with few exposures

PURPOSE: To report the results of a wrapping technique for porous orbital implants by using polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) mesh (Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ, U.S.A.). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 200 consecutive patients from one author's practice who received a polyglactin 910 mesh-wrapped porous orbital implant after enucleation or as a secondary implant between October 1, 1996, and April 15, 2001. We recorded potential problems that might be attributed to polyglactin 910 mesh both before pegging (excessive inflammatory response to the material, conjunctival thinning, and implant exposure) and after pegging (exposure of the implant around the sleeve, conjunctival thinning, and implant exposure other than adjacent to the peg). RESULTS: One hundred twenty-two men and 78 women underwent placement of a polyglactin 910 mesh-wrapped porous orbital implant. The average age at the time of implantation was 48.9 years (range, 11 to 85 years). The average follow-up interval in the 200 patients was 19.4 months (range, 2 to 80 months). Thirteen of the 200 patients had less than 6 months of follow-up, leaving 187 patients with an average follow-up of 20.5 months (range, 6 to 80 months). There were 76 primary enucleations and 124 secondary orbital implants. Thirty-seven patients received a Bio-Eye hydroxyapatite implant (HA) (Integrated Orbital Implants, San Diego, Calif), 97 received a synthetic FCI hydroxyapatite implant (FCI, Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France), and 66 received a Bioceramic implant (aluminum oxide-Al2O3) (FCI, Issy-Les-Moulineaux, France). One hundred fourteen patients (57%) underwent peg placement. The average time to pegging was 9.9 months (range, 6 to 16 months). Before pegging, 4 of 187 patients (2.1%) had implant exposure. Three of these exposures followed secondary orbital implant placement (2 Bio-Eye HA, 1 synthetic FCI3 HA) and one followed an enucleation (synthetic FCI3 HA). Two patients required a temporalis fascia graft and one required a scleral patch; the remaining defect closed spontaneously. One patient had conjunctival thinning 6 months after orbital implantation, which remained stable with no frank exposure for 36 months. No patient had excess socket inflammation. After peg placement, 3 additional patients had exposure of the implant around the peg site. There were no cases of conjunctival thinning or exposure of the implant other than adjacent to the peg site. CONCLUSIONS: Polyglactin 910 mesh is an excellent option as a wrapping material for porous orbital implants. It is simple to use, readily available, eliminates the need for donor tissue, does not require a second operative site, and it is less expensive than other currently available wrapping materials. We attribute our high success rate to our technique, which emphasizes proper placement of the implant within the Tenon space, suturing the extraocular muscles anterior to their normal anatomic sites, and meticulous closure of the Tenon capsule and conjunctiva in separate layers.     

Surgical outcomes of acellular human dermal grafts for large conjunctiva defects in orbital implant insertion

Purpose

We report the surgical outcomes of acellular human dermal allografts for repair of large conjunctiva defects in primary or secondary orbital implant insertion.

Methods

This retrospective chart review examined 12 eyes in 12 patients who underwent primary or secondary orbital implant insertion using Medpor® and acellular human dermal allografts to decrease conjunctival tension. Only patients with at least 6 months follow-up were included. The procedure was successful if there was no exposure until the last eye-clinic visit and the patient could wear a prosthesis. It failed if additional surgery was needed to correct the orbital implant exposure.

Results

The mean follow-up was 24.5 (range 6–54) months. Seven patients had primary orbital implant insertion, and five had secondary orbital implant insertion with acellular human dermal allografts. All enrolled patients had successful outcomes without exposure of the central conjunctiva. Two underwent additional surgery to correct fornix contracture and regain a cosmetically good prosthesis. Of these, one patient received additional acellular human dermal grafts and had a fair outcome. The other patient ultimately required fornix reconstruction with an autologous graft using oral mucosa.

Conclusion

Orbital implant insertion with acellular human dermis grafts had good surgical outcomes. The procedure could be effective for patients with insufficient conjunctival tissue to cover an orbital implant and a high probability of developing orbital implant exposure if tension was created by excessive direct conjunctival closure.     

异体巩膜覆盖羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术临床观察

目的 研究异体巩膜覆盖羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术的疗效.方法 研究15例因各种原因致眼球功能丧失且影响外观患者,行眼球摘除后异体巩膜覆盖羟基膦灰石义眼台.随访至少3个月.结果 13例义眼台术后外观及义眼台活动良好.无感染,暴露,运动障碍,2例患者术后早期结膜裂开,眼台轻度暴露,药物保守治疗眼台未脱出,上皮最终均覆盖眼台,顺利植入义眼片.结论 异体巩膜覆盖羟基磷灰石义眼台植入术简便、有效、并发症少,适于临床推广.     

结膜旷置法治疗Ⅱ期义眼台植入时结膜囊缩窄的疗效观察

目的:观察新的结膜旷置法行Ⅱ期义眼台植入,同时处理结膜囊缩窄的治疗效果.方法:2008-01/2014-07期间,我院收治的114例114眼眼球摘除术后眼窝内陷、结膜囊缩窄患者,在行Ⅱ期义眼台植入后同时处理结膜囊,从筋膜表面充分分离结膜至穹隆处,将预先制作的透明薄壳眼模置入结膜囊,使结膜瓣后退形成上、下穹窿,同时眼睑闭合时无明显张力.取出透明眼膜,并评估结膜缺损面积(即筋膜暴露面积),根据缺损区垂直径长度分为4组,Ⅰ组:缺损长0~5 mm;Ⅱ组:缺损长6~10 mm;Ⅲ组:缺损长11~15 mm;Ⅳ组:缺损长≥16 mm.对所有病例采用旷置球结膜中央缺损区的方法,在上下结膜瓣后退的位置将结膜间断缝合于筋膜上,在义眼台的前部出现筋膜暴露区.如下穹窿浅,联合行下穹窿成形术;如眼睑闭合张力较大或结膜瘢痕较重,考虑术后结膜挛缩严重的患者联合行睑缘缝合术.结膜囊内涂抗生素眼膏后置入合适的眼模.结果:所有患者暴露的筋膜区域于术后逐渐缩小并被结膜覆盖.平均于术后1 mo内旷置的结膜区被新生的结膜覆盖完全.结膜缺损区垂直径<5 mm均能在2 wk内完全移行覆盖,结膜囊形成良好,无需再次手术处理.结膜缺损区垂直径6~10 mm能在3 wk之内填补覆盖完全,少数患者结膜囊会有少量的收缩,但不影响配戴义眼片.结膜缺损区垂直径11~15 mm能在4 wk内移行生长覆盖完全,但结膜囊会轻度收缩,可配戴磨小的义眼片,部分术前结膜瘢痕较严重的患者需再次行结膜囊成形术.结膜缺损区垂直径≥16 mm也能在6 wk以内完全覆盖整个筋膜暴露区域,结膜囊会有较明显收缩,需再次行结膜囊成形联合睑缘缝合术,3 mo后拆除睑缘缝线后能够配戴义眼片.有2例出现义眼台暴露,行义眼台暴露修补联合结膜囊成形术,术后结膜囊成形好.结论:新的结膜旷置法能够很好地处理Ⅱ期义眼台植入时轻到中度结膜囊缩窄,无需任何移植物,患者损伤轻,减少多次手术.对于处理重度结膜囊狭窄,再手术风险较大,尚需进一步临床观察.