Use of information sources at a university hospital drug information service

The frequency of use of various sources to answer drug information requests in a university hospital drug information service was studied. All of the drug information requests received by the University of Minnesota Drug Information Service (UMDIS) between November 1, 1983, and January 27, 1984, were included in the evaluation. A total of 1448 requests from health-care professionals and consumers were reviewed. The 10 most frequently used information sources in order of most to least often used were Facts and Comparisons, previous knowledge or experience of the UMDIS staff, Drugdex, Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia, USP DI, the UMDIS files, information from pharmaceutical manufacturers, Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, and Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs. Forty percent of the requests were from consumers. Pharmacists should characterize the type and number of drug information requests they receive and should consider the accessibility of a drug information service and biomedical library when deciding which references to purchase.     

Design and implementation of a common drug information database for a university hospital

Background: Providing high quality problem oriented drug information relies on the ability to easily collect appropriate background information on clinical cases, to access relevant information from published sources by defined search strategies and to store and retrieve previously answered questions. To do this efficiently, an easy to use, flexible and reliable drug information database is necessary. Methods: We designed and implemented an Intranet based drug information database for a major university hospital in Germany. The overall design and the technical details of its design are discussed. We developed a generic, XML based data model for pharmaceutical inquiries including a MeSH oriented system of 99 pharmaceutical qualifiers to enable efficient indexing of questions and the searching of indexed questions.Results: The system provides query statistics and various search algorithms. The software implementation takes into account recent FDA recommendations for software used in clinical trials; internal review for quality control is supported. The database currently consists of 4224 records after 3.5 years of operation. Each inquiry consists of 50 items, 18 of 50 are categorized; 135 text elements support data entry. Our evaluation is focused on technical feasibility, user acceptance and query patterns.Conclusion: The intensive use and widespread acceptance of the database indicates a need for a computerized drug information system and suggests that Intranet technology can perform this task.     

Researching drug information needs in Australia

National research about drug information needs and access strategies from a cross-section of professionals and community respondents was undertaken in conjunction with the development of the Australian Drug Information Network (ADIN). Many professionals who have an active concern about drug and alcohol issues experience frustration with their access to high quality and relevant drug information. Although the Internet is widely perceived to be the answer to disseminating information, it remains the least favoured source of drug information among professionals, especially in regional and remote locations. Limited access to technology and doubts about the quality of web-based information were expressed concerns. Community differences about where and how to access information were also apparent, with the Internet being a more feasible resource for metropolitan and younger respondents.     

Determination of the drug information needs of the medical staff of a Nigerian hospital following implementation of clinical pharmacy services

The types and frequency of questions asked of clinical pharmacists introducing clinical pharmacy services in the internal medicine wards of a Nigerian university hospital and the degree of compliance with pharmacists' recommendations were studied. Three faculty pharmacists collected data in two 30-working day study periods, separated by a year. Totals of 197 questions (an average of 6.57 +/- 1.33 questions/working day) and 271 questions (an average of 9.03 +/- 1.10 questions/working day) were answered by the pharmacists in the first and second study periods, respectively. Pharmacists recommended changes in patient-specific drug therapy that were implemented 52 percent and 69 percent of the time in the first and second study periods, respectively. The most common type of drug information request concerned the presence or the likelihood of an adverse drug reaction. Continuous interaction between pharmacists and physicians in the patient-care setting results in a better appreciation of the pharmacist's role as drug information consultant, and the consequence of this is a high degree of compliance with pharmacists' recommendations.     

550例药物不良反应报告分析

目的:分析我院药物不良反应的特点,促进临床合理用药.方法:收集我院2007年1月1日～2008年8月31日的550份ADR报告.对引起ADR的药品种类、给药途径、ADR所致器官损害、ADR患者的不良反应史等进行统计分析.结果:550例ADR报告中,中老年患者占28.0%;抗生素ADR占61.64%;静脉滴注给药时发生ADR占70.0%.ADR的主要临床表现为皮疹、头晕、头痛及胃肠道反应.结论:应结合药物不良反应的特点和规律,严格把握用药适应证,加强用药监护,采取有针对性地监测和管理,尽量减少不良反应的发生.     

Intravenous drug preparation practices: a survey in a French university hospital

OBJECTIVE: To describe current practices for i.v. drug admixture preparation, to identify potential improvements for the enhancement of patient safety. DESIGN: A survey was conducted in a University hospital in Paris. Nurse practices were explored through the evaluation of five i.v. drug delivery systems: reconstituted freeze-dried drugs administered by syringe or i.v. bags, reconstituted drugs from vials administered by syringe or i.v. bags Ready to Use (RtU). PARTICIPANTS: i.v. drug preparation practices were documented by a representative sample of nurses in the following departments: intensive care, emergency, abdominal surgery, cardiology, infectious diseases, hepatology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data were collected regarding: existence of written procedures for preparations, sources of information, labelling, methods of preparation and calculation of doses, nurse satisfaction regarding safety and ease of use of the different i.v. systems. RESULTS: A total of 299 questionnaires were completed and 100 nurses from the chosen wards were surveyed. The study highlighted a lack of procedure (71-85%) and a lack of labelling (37%). CONCLUSION: This survey highlighted areas for improvement in the preparation of i.v. drugs. It may contribute to raising awareness among nurses and physicians about the risks of medication errors. This survey also helped the pharmacy department in supporting the development of pharmaceutical procedures, the development of satellite pharmacy, the set up of training sessions for i.v. preparation and the switch toward ready to use packages when these are available.     

高校医院的药品质量管理

规范高校医院药品管理,保障高校医院药品质量,加强药品调剂管理,更好地为广大师生服务.     

System for voluntary reporting of adverse drug reactions in a university hospital

The development and implementation of a system to improve voluntary reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is described. A preliminary study comparing three concurrent voluntary reporting systems at a 327-bed university teaching hospital demonstrated the ability of medical records personnel to identify ADRs that were documented in the medical record but not reported under the voluntary system. It was concluded that a concurrent voluntary reporting system would be coupled with a medical record review process that would focus reporting on clinically important and unexpected ADRs. Failures to report ADRs would be handled through existing procedures of staff privilege allocation and peer review. The baseline ADR rate was determined. A telephone reporting system was established for the medical staff. After review of reported reactions by pharmacy, feedback was provided to ADR reporters and the medical staff. During the first three months under the new system, 9 of 114 documented ADRs were reported, compared with none in the three months before the program began. All ADRs defined as reportable were reported. An ADR-reporting system designed to encourage voluntary reporting of selected reactions, monitor the baseline rate of ADR occurrence, and assess compliance with reporting criteria appears to operate satisfactorily.     

Adverse drug events in an intensive care unit of a university hospital

Purpose  

Adverse drug events (ADEs) are harmful and occur with alarming frequency in critically ill patients. Complex pharmacotherapy with multiple medications increases the probability of a drug interaction (DI) and ADEs in patients in intensive care units (ICUs). The objective of the study is to determine the frequency of ADEs among patients in the ICU of a university hospital and the drugs implicated. Also, factors associated with ADEs are investigated.     

我院医院信息系统在药库的应用

目的利用医院信息系统对药库进行管理。方法分析医院药库使用医院信息系统的优点和方法。结果提高了工作效率及药品周转率,保证了药品的质量。结论使用医院信息系统,使药库管理更科学。