医用硫酸钙结合自体骨髓植骨治疗骨不连的疗效分析

目的 探讨医用硫酸钙结合自体骨髓植骨治疗骨不连的效果.方法 自2003年5月～2006年9月,应用医用硫酸钙结合自体骨髓植骨治疗骨不连6例(7处),小切口暴露植骨端,清除断端间嵌顿纤维组织,刮除断端及髓腔硬化骨、打通髓腔,将硫酸钙与骨髓混合物填充于植骨间隙.结果 患者术后12周复查,均得到影像学骨愈合表现.结论 医用硫酸钙结合自体骨髓植骨治疗骨不连简单有效,临床效果与自体骨移植相当.     

髓内植骨加压钢板固定治疗下肢骨折不愈合

本文报告采用自体半侧腓骨髓内植骨、髂骨充填骨缺损区、梯型加压钢板固定的术式治疗２１例下肢骨不愈合。随访６￣４９个月，疗效满意。通过动物实验证明，长节段自体皮质骨髓腔内移植后，６￣１２周血运恢复，１２￣２４周与宿主骨愈合并被新骨取代。其固定作用由最初的单纯机械固定逐渐自然转变为生物性固定。     

骨形态发生蛋白2基因修饰自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植促进兔胫骨牵张成骨的实验研究

[目的]观察人骨形态发生蛋白2基因修饰的自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植对兔胫骨牵张成骨新骨形成的促进作用。[方法]48只新西兰白兔随机摸球法分为3组。建立牵张成骨动物模型,在固定期第2 d,实验组于牵张间隙注射人骨形态发生蛋白2基因修饰的自体骨髓间充质干细胞;对照组注射等量自体骨髓间充质干细胞;空白组不注射任何物质。[结果]在固定期2周及6周实验组牵张区在大体观察、HE染色、X线观察方面成骨质量均好于对照组和空白组。12周后取牵张成骨区标本作骨组织骨密度和生物力学测定,结果显示实验组新生骨质量较高,骨愈合情况要优于对照组和空白组。[结论]骨形态发生蛋白2基因修饰的自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植能有效提高兔胫骨牵张成骨新骨形成质量。     

Hybrid骨外固定结合Ilizarov骨段延长术治疗股骨开放性骨折

目的探讨Hybrid骨外固定结合Hizarov自体骨延长治疗股骨开放骨折伴大段骨缺损的疗效.方法自1999～2003年本院共收治股骨开放骨折伴大段骨缺损患者12 例,根据Gustilo Andersen开放骨折分型,其中ⅢA型5 例,ⅢB型7 例;MESS评分在7分或者7分以下伴骨缺损的患者被选择,骨缺损均在4 cm以上.12 例患者均采用Hybrid骨外固定结合Ilizarov自体骨延长治疗.结果术后随访8个月～4 a（平均20个月）,12 例患者均获随访,所有患者均获稳定骨折愈合,平均骨折愈合时间26周（18～30周）,平均外固定时间34周（32～44周）.其中针道感染8 例,皮肤过敏1 例,骨折畸形愈合2 例;无深部感染、骨折不愈合病例,术后膝关节僵直3 例.根据Paley骨折愈合评分,优8 例,良1 例,可2 例,差1 例,优良率为75%;根据膝关节HSS评分,优7 例,良3 例,可1 例,差1 例,优良率为83.33%.结论 Hybrid骨外固定结合自体Ilizarov骨延长是治疗大段骨折的一种有效方法.     

Ilizarov技术治疗胫骨干感染性骨不连

目的探讨应用Ilizarov技术治疗胫骨干感染性骨不连的临床效果。方法对22例骨创伤后胫骨感染性骨不连患者采取大段病灶切除+旷置并相应的干骺端截骨术。术后10 d以0.25 mm/6 h速度延长,经8～25周固定延长至骨缺损端会师,于骨缺损处两断端加压并继续维持外固定支架至骨愈合。结果 22例均获随访,时间12～24个月。骨延长6～18(9.5±4.5)cm,骨性感染全部治愈。带支架时间6.5～13个月。19例加压固定处及延长部位骨生长良好,达到了骨性愈合;3例断端骨接触后6个月无明显骨愈合,2例行自体髂骨植骨、1例拆除支架后行自体髂骨植骨内固定,4～6个月达到骨性愈合。截骨延长区及骨缺损对合处对位对线良好。结论 Ilizarov技术治疗胫骨感染性骨不连,术后感染控制良好,骨愈合率高。     

AO微型钛板加植骨治疗掌指骨骨不连

目的 评估AO微型钛板内固定加植骨治疗掌指骨骨不连的疗效。方法 对48例外伤性掌指骨骨不连患者行切开复位术．术中清理骨痂及骨不连接端的软组织，打通骨髓腔，复位。若骨不连处短缩或骨质缺损明显（≥0．5cm），需嵌自体骨植骨，纠正短缩。48例均应用AO微型钛板内固定加植骨治疗。结果 术后48例获得2～14个月的随访，平均7．3个月。骨不连接全部愈合，愈合时间最短5周，最长12周，平均为6．1周。结论 AO微型钛板内固定加植骨治疗掌指骨骨不连固定牢固可靠，可早期功能训练，利于骨愈合。     

皮质骨切削植骨结合外固定架治疗严重开放性胫腓骨骨折

目的 探讨皮质骨切削植骨方法促进骨折愈合的I临床疗效.方法 对12例严重开放性胫腓骨骨折采用早期外固定架固定,于术后3～6个月进行皮质骨切削植骨.结果 骨折均于进行皮质骨切削植骨后6～10周获得愈合.结论 适时应用皮质骨切削植骨方法结合外固定架固定治疗严重开放性胫腓骨骨折,疗效肯定,可避免更换内固定导致感染的风险,且费用低廉.     

新型硫酸钙和脱钙骨基质混合物的临床应用

目的 评价新型硫酸钙和脱钙骨基质混合物作为骨移植替代物的临床应用效果. 方法 2005年2月至2008年2月采用新型人工骨移植治疗51例患者,按照植入物不同分为两组:人工骨与自体骨混合组21例,即植人硫酸钙和脱钙骨基质混合物加自体骨;单纯人工骨组30例,只植入硫酸钙和脱钙骨基质混合物.术后定期复查,观察人工骨吸收和新骨生长情况. 结果 51例切口一期愈合,无局部红肿、渗出.3例患者失访,48例随访6～36个月,平均16个月.单纯人工骨组术后4周可见人工骨部分吸收,颗粒形态模糊,术后8～12周(平均9.6周)完伞吸收,可见新生骨质,术后8～16周(平均11周)骨性愈合.人工骨与自体骨混和组术后8～12周(平均11.5周)人工骨颗粒完全吸收,骨折不愈合患者术后14～24周(平均19周)获骨性愈合,其余患者术后9～20周(平均13周)获骨性愈合. 结论 新型人工骨能够发挥增加移植物容量、促进骨生成的作用,无局部不良反应,是一种安全有效的骨移植替代物.     

微型钢板内固定联合自体髂骨植骨治疗陈旧性跖骨骨折

目的探讨微型钢板内固定联合自体髂骨植骨治疗陈旧性跖骨骨折的方法及疗效。方法 2009年5月-2010年7月,收治7例外伤致陈旧性跖骨骨折患者。男5例,女2例;年龄25～43岁,平均33岁。多发跖骨骨折5例,单发跖骨骨折2例。伤后至该次手术时间为4～12周。X线片检查示骨折断端间有少量骨痂,伴短缩、成角或旋转移位。术中切开复位后,采用微型钢板内固定联合自体髂骨植骨,植骨量1.5～2.5 cm3。术后石膏外固定4～6周,平均5周。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。7例均获随访,随访时间8～18个月,平均13.5个月。骨折临床愈合时间为6～12周,平均8.4周。患者站立及行走时无明显足底疼痛。术后3个月参照美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)中前足评分标准,评分为75～96分,平均86.4分。结论微型钢板内固定联合自体髂骨植骨治疗陈旧性跖骨骨折内固定可靠、骨折愈合率高、术后并发症少,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

四肢难治性骨不连的三种治疗策略疗效分析

[目的] 比较分析3种方法治疗四肢难治性骨不连的临床疗效.[方法] 2003年4月-2008年2月,共收治四肢难治性骨不连36例39肢,男22例,女14例;年龄15～71岁,平均51.5岁;胫骨19肢,肱骨9肢,股骨7肢,尺、桡骨4肢;治疗骨不连手术次数1～4次,平均2.5次;术前X线片骨不连骨断端距离:4.5～36 mm,平均16.5 mm;下肢短缩距离:5～40 mm,平均21 mm.自体骨髓复合人工骨联合髂骨骨膜移植19肢(联合组),自体骨髓移植联合人工骨9肢(骨髓组),自体髂骨移植治疗11肢(髂骨组).[结果] 39肢最终均达骨性愈合,均获随访12～28个月,平均18.5个月.骨愈合时间、固定物取出1个月患肢功能评分和术后X线片评分,联合组疗效优越(P＜0.05).联合组骨愈合时间(5.5±1.5)个月,骨髓组骨愈合时间(6.6±1.8)个月,髂骨组骨愈合时间(7.4±2.1)个月.[结论] 自体骨髓复合人工骨联合髂骨骨膜移植治疗四肢难治性骨不连临床疗效优越.     

Bone healing after metal plate fixation and external fixation of the osteotomized rabbit tibia

Controversy still exists as to the best method of treatment of long bone fractures. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects on the healing bone of external fixation and metal plate fixation. In an experimental model on the rabbit tibia the stiffness of the fixation corresponded intentionally to that of the same methods in human fracture treatment.

A transverse, midshaft osteotomy was made on one tibia, and fixed with a steel plate (45 × 5 × 1 mm) or external mini-fixation. The animals were killed after 4, 6 or 12 weeks. The bone healing was evaluated by radiography, histology and biomechanical testing in three-point bending. There were no significant differences between plate fixation and external fixation in the pattern of bone healing, as it occurred by periosteal, in-tramedullary and intercortical callus after both methods. The stiffness increased more rapidly than the strength, and reached normal values after about 6 weeks. No significant differences in stiffness between the two methods were found. The strength was significantly greater after plate fixation than after external fixation at 6 weeks, while no significant differences were found at either 4 or 12 weeks.

It is concluded that the speed of bone healing was more rapid after plate fixation. However, in the later stages of healing the plated bones were secondarily weakened because of the stress-protecting effect of the plate.     

The effect of osteogenic protein-1 in instrumented and noninstrumented posterolateral fusion in rabbits.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The use of rigid instrumentation combined with bone graft makes intuitive sense given the requirements for vascular ingrowth, bone formation and a stable environment for the cellular events of healing to develop. However, with the advances of potent osteoinductive growth factors, the role of internal fixation may come into question. Whether bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) would benefit from a more "stable" spinal segment for bone production and modeling remains unknown. In addition, it is unknown whether BMP and rigid fixation may have an additive effect on fusion healing. PURPOSE: This study is proposed to test the hypothesis that rigid fixation in the lumbar spine would be advantageous to achieve fusion for autogenous bone grafting, but fusion would occur regardless of fixation with the use of osteogenic protein (OP)-1. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A histologic and radiographic analysis of BMP in a rabbit lumbar fusion model. METHODS: Thirty-two rabbits were randomized into four groups: 1) control animals: in situ posterolateral L5-L6 arthrodesis using autogenous iliac crest bone graft; 2) fixation group: posterolateral arthrodesis L5-L6 with autogenous bone graft and interspinous fixation; 3) OP-1 group: in situ posterolateral L5-L6 arthrodesis using OP-1 and 4) combined OP-1 and fixation group. Radiographic fusion analysis was performed with computed tomography scans at 3 and 12 weeks after surgery. Decalcified histology was performed to assess tissue morphology and cellularity. RESULTS: Minimal evidence of fusion was noted at 3 weeks with autograft or OP-1. By 12 weeks, all OP-1-treated animals had solid fusion, whereas no fusion was noted in autograft animals. The addition of fixation slightly increased radiographic fusion at 3 weeks in autograft and OP-1 groups but did not affect OP-1 animals at 12 weeks where all were fused. Decalcified histologic results confirmed the proliferative bone formation noted with OP-1 and the variable cellular response with autograft. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that the osteoinductive effect of OP-1 may be only minimally enhanced early in the bone healing process but does not appear to be affected in the long term by spinal fixation in the rabbit intertransverse fusion model. Fixation appeared to enhance early fusion in the autograft group.     

Stress shielding by rigid fixation studied in osteotomized rabbit tibiae

In 48 rabbits the bone-formation rates and strength in the tibial shaft, osteotomized and treated with rigid internal plate fixation, were compared with contralateral bones, which were treated with plate fixation without osteotomy. The plate fixation alone induced a 35 percent decrease in torsional strength after 12 weeks. The healing of the osteotomy counteracted the decrease in strength induced by stress protection of the rigid plate at 6 weeks, but this effect subsided within 12 weeks. The osteotomy also induced a 2-3-fold increase in the synthesis of bone matrix and mineral accretion of the bone underlying the plate at 6 and 9 weeks when compared with the contralateral side, which was plated but not osteotomized. The bone-formation levels returned to normal within 12 weeks; and the bone underlying the plate became subject to atrophy, resulting in decreased mechanical strength.     

Stress-protection after external fixation on the intact rabbit tibia

Bone loss due to the stress-protecting effect of a metal plate on intact bone is a well-known phenomenon. The purpose of the present study was to find whether a similar effect is caused by external fixation. External mini-fixation was applied on the intact rabbit tibial diaphysis of one leg. The other tibia served as control. The animals were sacrificed after 6 or 12 weeks, and both tibiae biomechanically tested in three-point bending. The bone mineral content was measured by photon absorptiometry. No significant changes in bone strength, stiffness or mineral content were found after 6 weeks. The strength and stiffness were significantly reduced after 12 weeks. The median strength and stiffness at that time were 87 and 88 per cent, respectively, in relation to the control bones. The mineral content in the bone segment which had been stabilized by external fixation was significantly reduced after 12 weeks (median 90 per cent of the values for the control bones). No significant change in the mineral content occurred at a level in the tibial diaphysis distal to the external fixation device. It is concluded that the stress-protecting effect caused by external mini-fixation on the rabbit tibia occurs later, and is less pronounced, than that caused by metal plates.     

Stress-Protection After External Fixation on the Intact Rabbit Tibia

Bone loss due to the stress-protecting effect of a metal plate on intact bone is a well-known phenomenon. The purpose of the present study was to find whether a similar effect is caused by external fixation.

External mini-fixation was applied on the intact rabbit tibial diaphysis of one leg. The other tibia served as control. The animals were sacrificed after 6 or 12 weeks, and both tibiae biomechanically tested in three-point bending. The bone mineral content was measured by photon absorptiometry.

No significant changes in bone strength, stiffness or mineral content were found after 6 weeks. The strength and stiffness were significantly reduced after 12 weeks. The median strength and stiffness at that time were 87 and 88 per cent, respectively, in relation to the control bones. The mineral content in the bone segment which had been stabilized by external fixation was significantly reduced after 12 weeks (median 90 per cent of the values for the control bones). No significant change in the mineral content occurred at a level in the tibial diaphysis distal to the external fixation device.

It is concluded that the stress-protecting effect caused by external mini-fixation on the rabbit tibia occurs later, and is less pronounced, than that caused by metal plates.     

Healing of a scaphoid nonunion using human bone morphogenetic protein

A chronic nonunion of a proximal pole fracture of the scaphoid was treated by curettage of the nonunion, single K-wire fixation, and implantation of 50 mg of human bone morphogenetic protein followed by 12 weeks of cast immobilization without any conventional corticocancellous bone grafting or rigid screw fixation. Radiographs showed signs of bony healing by 12 weeks and a magnetic resonance imaging scan 6 years after surgery showed no signs of avascular necrosis. The potential future applications of human bone morphogenetic protein in hand surgery are discussed.     

The predictive value of bone scintigraphy after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures

Persisting pain of the hip following internal fixation of fracture of the neck of the femur is often caused by capital necrosis or non-union. In a randomized trial 35 patients had 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy performed 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months after internal fixation of their subcapital fractures with a sliding screw-plate or a sliding nail-plate. The purpose was to find out whether bone scintigraphy could predict capital necrosis or non-union before it shows up on plain radiographs, which happens later. The patients were followed up for an average of 44 months (range 12-64). Radiologically, capital necrosis occurred in five patients and non-union in six. Bone scintigraphy showed decreasing activity in the 1st year after operation in uncomplicated cases (P less than 0.03). However, it was impossible to distinguish patients with capital necrosis or non union from those with uneventful healing. There were no significant differences in the scintigraphic appearance between groups at most risk, e.g. Garden stage 3 and 4 fractures versus Garden stage 1 and 2, and fixation by sliding nail versus fixation by sliding screw-plate. In conclusion, bone scintigrams during the first 6 months after operation do not reliably predict failure of internal fixation of fractures of the neck of the femur.     

坚硬接骨板固定后局部骨质疏松的骨组织形态计量学的实验研究

本实验通过骨组织形态计量学的方法，对家兔完整胫骨坚硬接骨板内固定后局部骨组织的变化进行了研究，实验家兔随机分为１、２、３、４组和空白对照组，固定时间为６．８．１０和１２周。对不脱钙骨组织切片在纵切面和横切面上进行普通光和莹光分析测量。结果发现：坚硬接骨板内固定后六周时固定段骨即出现骨质疏松，发生在哈佛氏系统的骨丢失，１０周后骨内膜表面出现骨吸收、骨髓腔增大，两个表面的骨重建单位的负平衡使固定段皮质骨疏松变薄，特别是在钢板下。     

牵张成骨术整复猕猴腭裂模型成骨超微结构与成分研究

目的 研究牵张成骨术整复腭裂缺损在不同时间段新骨的超微结构及其Ca、P元素能谱特征,探讨其原位骨生成与改建规律.方法 猕猴共25只,23只以外科方法建立腭裂动物模型,另2只不做任何处理作为空白对照.实验组21只,应用牵张成骨术整复其腭部软硬组织缺损,以每天2次、每次0.4 mm的速率进行牵张,至骨运送盘移动关闭裂隙后原位固定.分别于固定期第1、2、4、6、8、12及24周取材,每次3只动物.将标本置于扫描电镜下观察,进行元素能谱分析,并与实验对照组(2只,不进行牵张成骨)及空白对照组观察结果比较.结果 术后固定期第1～2周,牵张区以沿牵张方向排列的胶原纤维束为主,少量新生骨小梁形成;第4～6周,成骨活跃,新生骨小梁细胞成分丰富;第8～12周,新骨逐渐钙化成熟,新旧骨交界不明显;至第24周,新生骨质与正常结构相似.元素能谱分析结果提示:整个成骨过程中,P、S元素峰相对于Ca元素峰的比值逐渐逆转,Ca/P比例逐渐增高.至术后8周,各元素分布及含量表明骨质钙化已完善,转入改建成熟阶段至接近正常;至24周时Ca/P元素质量比达2.06±0.10,原子计数比达1.60±0.08,与正常对照组的数值比(2.08±0.04、1.61±0.03)已无明显差异.结论 应用牵张成骨术矫治腭裂骨质缺损,口内牵张装置有效推动骨运送盘通过膜内成骨的方式,新骨不断的成熟和改建,最终封闭裂隙,原位新生骨组织改建成熟至正常结构,恢复腭部连续性.     

经皮交叉克氏针固定、自体骨髓移植治疗Herbert Ⅰ型腕舟骨骨折的临床研究

目的观察经皮交叉克氏针固定、自体骨髓移植治疗HerbertⅠ型腕舟骨骨折的临床效果。方法随机选择36例新鲜无错位（HerbertⅠ型）腕舟骨骨折患者，采用经皮交叉克氏针固定，抽取自体红骨髓5ml，快速、加压注入舟状骨骨折部位，术后6周开始，每周拍摄计算机X线片（CR-X）1次，至骨折愈合，并记录骨折愈合及恢复工作时间。结果术后随访6周～4年，36例全部愈合，骨折愈合时间为7～12周，平均8．3周。35例腕关节活动度达到健侧腕关节活动标准，活动后无疼痛，均恢复了正常工作。1例腕关节伸屈活动术后较术前有明显改善，但仍未达健侧腕关节活动范围，且活动时疼痛。结论经皮交叉克氏针固定、自体骨髓移植治疗HerbertⅠ型腕舟骨骨折，较传统治疗方法，具有损伤小、操作简单、安全，最大限度地避免了医源性损伤，缩短了骨折愈合时间，提高了治愈率，是一种有效的治疗方法。