股骨近端锁定钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折的生物力学研究

目的本研究旨在明确股骨近端锁定钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折的生物力学特性,为其在临床使用提供理论依据。方法选取15根防腐(10%的甲醛溶液浸泡)股骨标本并随机分配到A、B、C三组中,A组为股骨近端锁定钢板固定31A1.1骨折组,B组为股骨近端锁定钢板固定31A2.2骨折组,C组为正常无骨折股骨组;每组各5个标本,在力学测试机上测试轴向压缩、扭转、破坏实验。结果三组的轴向刚度、屈服载荷比较,A组高于B组,差异有统计学意义;C组高于A组,同时也显著高于B组,差异有统计学意义。三组的扭转刚度比较,C组仍好于A、B组,差异具有统计学意义。结论股骨近端锁定钢板在固定股骨转子间骨折时,其生物力学性能仍不如正常股骨,在固定稳定性股骨转子间骨折时,可以达到坚强内固定和早期活动所需要的生物力学要求,但在治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折时,不宜作为首选。     

角状钢板治疗股骨髁及髁上粉碎性骨折

对31例成人股骨髁及髁上粉碎性骨折用角状钢板行内固定治疗,均骨性愈合。认为角状钢板治疗成人股骨髁及髁上粉碎性骨折固定可靠、效果满意。     

角状钢板治疗成人股骨中上段粉碎性骨折

探讨成人股骨中上段粉碎性骨折的治疗方法 ,对 1 6例成人股骨中上段粉碎性骨折用角状钢板行内固定治疗 ,均骨性愈合。认为角状钢板治疗成人股骨中上段粉碎性骨折效果良好     

锁定钢板治疗股骨远端C型骨折体会

对42例C型股骨远端骨折采用股骨远端外侧锁定钢板治疗.6个月骨折愈合率97.62%,采用膝关节功能临床疗效评分系统评定患膝关节功能,优良率85.71%.应用股骨远端外侧锁定钢板治疗C型股骨远端骨折,固定坚强可靠、利于早期膝关节功能锻炼,是理想的内固定方法.     

一期植骨解剖钢板固定治疗股骨下端复杂骨折

目的探讨解剖型钢板内固定、一期植骨治疗股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折的临床效果。方法对2000年以来收治的股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折35例,采用解剖型钢板内固定及一期髂骨植骨治疗。结果随访1～2年,骨折均完全愈合,无骨不连、螺钉松动、钢板断裂、肢体短缩及膝关节内外翻畸形愈合等并发症,膝关节功能优良率达94.1%。结论解剖型钢板内固定、一期植骨治疗股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折,操作简单,固定可靠,手术创伤小,有利于膝关节功能的恢复,是治疗股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折较理想的方法。     

一期植骨解剖锕板固定治疗股骨下端复杂骨折

目的探讨解剖型钢板内固定、一期植骨治疗股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折的临床效果。方法对2000年以来收治的股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折35例,采用解剖型钢板内固定及一期髂骨植骨治疗。结果随访1-2年,骨折均完全愈合,无骨不连、螺钉松动、钢板断裂、肢体短缩及膝关节内外翻畸形愈合等并发症,膝关节功能优良率达94.1％。结论解剖型钢板内固定、一期植骨治疗股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折,操作简单,固定可靠,手术创伤小,有利于膝关节功能的恢复,是治疗股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折较理想的方法。     

应用骨端钢板治疗股骨粗隆间周围骨折

总结用骨端钢板治疗18例股骨转子周围骨折临床病例资料,认为应用骨端钢板治疗股骨转子周围骨折使用方便,固定效果可靠,能有效抗旋转,适用于各种类型的股骨转子周围骨折。     

切开复位内固定治疗股骨远端骨折

目的探讨切开复位内固定股治疗骨远端骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法切开复位内固定治疗股骨远端骨折47例,根据AO/ASIF分型：A型10例,B型12例,C型25例,分别采用股骨髁支持钢板、L-梯形钢板、逆行带锁髓内钉、拉力螺钉进行固定,术后经15～96个月随访。结果5例骨不愈合、3例出现伤口及骨折部位化脓性感染、3例出现钢板断裂,根据Kolmenrt股骨远端功能评定标准：优22例,良17例,一般4例,差4例,优良率82.9%。结论切开复位内固定治疗股骨远端骨折能最大限度获得骨折复位和关节早期功能锻炼,是治疗股骨远端骨折较理想的方法。     

梅花针结合记忆合金环抱钢板治疗股骨严重粉碎性骨折

目的探讨梅花针结合记忆合金环抱钢板固定治疗股骨严重粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法2003年1月—2008年1月,我院采用梅花针结合记忆合金环抱钢板固定治疗股骨严重粉碎性骨折患者36例,手术采用切开复位,先逆行打出梅花针,复位股骨主干及大骨折块,顺行打入梅花针,再复位小骨块,用记忆合金环抱钢板固定。若骨块间隙>5 mm,采用自体骨条一期植骨。结果术后随访6～36个月,平均随访时间13.4个月,骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间为5.3个月,所有患者关节功能恢复良好,无感染及医源性神经血管损伤发生。结论梅花针结合记忆合金环抱钢板固定是治疗股骨严重粉碎性骨折行之有效的方法。     

股骨远端复杂骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨如何根据股骨远端复杂骨折的不同类型选择适当的内固定方法，以达到最佳的治疗效果。方法 回顾分析1999年1月-2002年6月62例64侧股骨远端复杂骨折手术治疗的临床资料。采用AO分类法，其中A型骨折20例2l侧，C型骨折42例43侧；应用AO股骨髁支撑钢板18例19侧，髁支撑钢板与超高分子聚乙烯板互锁组合固定20例2l侧，股骨逆行交锁髓内钉固定24例，术后进行科学合理的康复治疗。结果 62例骨折经术后4—38个月随访，骨折均获愈合，愈合时间10周～16个月，平均4．2个月。按Kolmert和Wulff的评价标准，优3l侧，良17侧，可11侧，差5侧，优良率为75％。结论 采用合理可靠的内固定方法治疗股骨远端复杂骨折，多数疗效满意。髁支撑钢板适用于股骨远端各型骨折；股骨逆行交锁髓内钉是治疗A型和C1型骨折的首选方法；钢板与聚乙烯板互锁组合固定是治疗C2和C3型骨折的有效方法，其设计合理、操作方便、固定可靠，疗效优于髁支撑钢板和股骨逆行交锁髓内钉。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.