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Lamphone Syhakhang Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg Björn Lindgren Göran Tomson 《Pharmacy World & Science》2004,26(6):333-338
Objective: To present a repeated test of the quality of ampicillin, tetracycline, chloroquine and ASA from private pharmacies in Laos in 1997 and 1999, and to discuss the quality in relation to the National Drug Policy Programme.Method: A total of 115 of 214 licensed private pharmacies were selected in Savannakhet province, a pilot province in the Lao National Drug Policy Programme. The four drugs, if available, were collected at each pharmacy. Thirty tablets of each drug were taken from a selected container. In 1997, 366 samples were analysed and three hundred in 1999. Identity, assay (content of active component) and measurement of weight variation tests were performed. Drug quality was compared mainly according to the standards of the British and United States pharmacopoeias.Results: The percentage of substandard drugs decreased significantly from 46% to 22% between 1997 and 1999 (P < 0.001). Substandard ampicillin and tetracycline were reduced significantly from 67% to 9% and from 38% to 12%, respectively (P < 0.001). In total, 3% vs 1% contained no active ingredient, 12% vs 4% had too little or too much active ingredient, and 35% vs 14% had weight variation outside pharmacopoeial limits.Conclusion: Drug quality was improved. However, the prevalence of substandard drugs was still unacceptably high, which may result in adverse clinical effect or treatment failure for individual patients. 相似文献
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Darwish Rula M. Baqain Ghaida N. Aladwan Hala Salamah Lina M. Madi Rahaf Masri Rama M. Al 《International journal of clinical pharmacy》2021,43(5):1198-1207
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy - Background Antibiotic resistance is a global threat and burden on healthcare systems. One major factor contributing to this problem is inappropriate use... 相似文献
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Introduction
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major global clinical problem, causing substantial mortality and morbidity especially in hospitals. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) knowledges’, attitude and practices are crucial points to evaluate the hospital safety environment. Objective of the study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HCPs regarding the ADRs reporting system.Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and February of 2013 in nine tertiary care hospitals (governmental and private) that provide highly specialized medical services in Riyadh, Qassim, and the Eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A validated questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HCPs regarding the ADR reporting system. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.2.Results
In total, 480 questionnaires were distributed, and the response rate was 70% (n?=?336). Only 33% of the participants were aware of the National Pharmacovigilance Centre (NPC). Of those HCPs who were familiar with the NPC and their responsibility to report ADRs, most (50%) were pharmacists, followed by physicians (24%) and nurses (16%), and these differences were statistically significant (p?<?0.01). Twenty-seven percent of the participants were involved in reporting ADRs; among these HCPs, 62% were pharmacists, 26% were nurses, and 6% were physicians. Most participants (95%) favoured reporting ADRs caused by antibiotics and new/old drugs. The prominent factors discouraging ADR reporting included fear that the report might be incorrect (46%) and lack of time (44%).Conclusions
A significant lack of knowledge, positive attitudes, and practices regarding ADRs and reporting was observed in hospital HCPs. This finding represents an international concern, and urgent action is needed to promote drug safety and pharmacovigilance in this region. 相似文献10.
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《European neuropsychopharmacology》2019,29(8):905-913
A large proportion of schizophrenia patients treated with second generation antipsychotics will develop Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). However, there are few studies about the impact of this comorbidity and who is at higher risk. In this study of clozapine-treated patients, we aimed to determine the impact on outcome of clozapine-induced OCD, as well as the clinical and sociodemographic risk factors related to OCD-onset in clozapine patients. We had strict and novel inclusion criteria to minimise mis-identification of cases. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) was used to divide 231 clozapine-treated patients into extreme cases of OCD (OCI ≥ 24 or checking subscale ≥6) versus non-OCD (OCI <15 and checking subscale <4). The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), short version of Warwick-Edinburgh Wellbeing scale and Clinical Global Impression for schizophrenia (CGI) scales were used to determine outcome. Socio-demographic information was used to identify the risk factors for OCD development. We found that schizophrenia patients with OCD symptoms had a significantly lower patient rated wellbeing scores (p < 0.001) only (no difference in clinician rated wellbeing scores), higher CGI positive (p < 0.01) and higher CGI depressive scores (p < 0.05). The only risk factors that reached significance level were higher treatment dose (p < 0.01) and younger paternal age at birth (p < 0.05). There is scope for future studies based on e.g. imaging and genetic studies to further investigate causality, and in improving clinician screening for OCD. 相似文献
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