188例肺结核合并糖尿病患者短期临床疗效分析

目的 了解肺结核合并糖尿病（PTB-DM）患者的临床特征,为PTB-DM患者的临床诊疗提供参考依据和可行性建议。 方法 选取青岛市胸科医院2011年12月至2013年6月间住院的PTB-DM患者188例作为研究对象,同期住院的单纯肺结核（PTB）患者392例,根据年龄段进行分层,并按照各年龄段两组患者比例尽量一致的原则,依患者住院号顺序采用随机数字表法抽取得到188例,作为对照组,分析比较两组患者治疗2个月后临床症状（咯痰、痰中带血或咯血、胸闷等）及临床症状改善情况、痰菌转阴率、肺部CT（病灶形态、病灶部位）等,采用χ^2验或U检验对资料进行分析。 结果 入院时,PTB-DM组患者痰中带血或咯血发生率（32.45%,61/188）显著高于PTB组（18.62%,35/188）（χ^29.456,P〈0.05）。治疗2个月后,PTB-DM组患者仍存在咯痰、痰中带血或咯血、胸闷症状的比例分别为66.49%（125/188）、5.32%（10/188）和23.94%（45/188）,显著高于PTB组的51.06%（96/188）、1.60%（3/188）和14.89%（28/188）（χ^2分别为9.231、3.904、4.913,P值均〈0.05）。PTB组患者咯痰、胸闷症状的改善率［36.84%（56/152）、74.07%（80/108）］优于PTB-DM组［20.89%（33/158）、56.31%（58/103）］（χ^2分别为9.637、7.352,P值均〈0.05）。两组患者在治疗2个月后,PTB-DM组患者痰菌转阴率（53.15%,76/143）显著低于PTB组（69.77%,90/129）（χ^28.609,P=0.003）。PTB组患者条索、钙化发生率［34.04%（64/188）、13.83%（26/188）］高于PTB-DM组［22.87%（43/188）、2.13%（4/188）］（χ^2分别为5.761、17.532,P值均〈0.05）,结节、空洞发生率［7.98%（15/188）、45.74%（86/188）］低于PTB-DM组［14.89%（28/188）、56.38%（106/188）］（χ^2分别为4.438、4.257,P值均〈0.05）;PTB-DM组患者肺部病变在下叶背段及下叶基底段的发生率［74.47%（140/188）、46.28%（87/188）］高于PTB组［63.30%（119/188）、26.60%（50/188）］（χ^2分别为5.472、15.721,P值均〈0.05）。 结论 与PTB患者相比,PTB-DM患者临床表现较重,短期治疗后疗效较差,需要及时根据情况调整和强化PTB-DM患者的治疗并适当延长治疗时间。     

肺结核合并糖尿病患者临床特征及血脂水平分析

目的 了解肺结核合并糖尿病（PTB-DM）患者的临床特征与营养状况,为其临床诊疗与营养支持提供具有针对性的建议。 方法 选取青岛市胸科医院2011年12月至2012年8月间住院的116例PTB-DM患者为PTB-DM组,另按照每个年龄段内两组的性别比例尽量一致且单纯肺结核（PTB）组人数不少于PTB-DM组人数的原则,依患者住院号顺序采用随机数字表法进行调整,最终从该院同期住院的320例PTB患者中选出患者136名作为PTB组,比较两组入院时临床症状的发生率、血红细胞沉降率（ESR）加快率、痰涂片阳性率和营养状况相关指标如总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）及淋巴细胞计数（TLC）。将PTB-DM患者按入院时空腹血糖水平分为血糖控制良好组（34例）与控制不佳组（82例）,分析血糖控制水平对入院时临床特征的影响。 结果 PTB-DM组患者咳嗽、咯痰、咯血、乏力、食欲减退、ESR加快和痰涂片阳性的比率分别为97.4%（113/116）、90.5%（105/116）、31.0%（36/116）、68.1%（79/116）、39.7%（46/116）、81.9%（95/116）和78.4%（91/116）,PTB组分别为88.2%（120/136）、80.9%（110/136）、14.0%（19/136）、55.1%（75/136）、27.9%（38/136）、66.9%（91/136）和66.2%（90/136）,PTB-DM组均显著高于PTB组（χ²值分别为7.565、4.639、10.684、4.422、3.866、7.272、4.659,P值均＜0.05）。血糖控制良好组咯痰、咯血、乏力的发生率及痰涂片阳性率分别为79.4%（27/34）、17.6%（6/34）、52.9%（18/34）和64.7%（22/34）,明显低于控制不佳组的95.1%（78/82）、36.6%（30/82）、74.4%（61/82）和84.1%（69/82）（χ²值分别为6.911、4.028、5.090、5.373,P值均＜0.05）。营养状况分析显示,TC和TG水平PTB-DM组分别为（4.39±1.17） mmol/L和（1.43±0.91） mmol/L,PTB组分别为（3.97±0.97） mmol/L和（1.01±0.51） mmol/L,PTB-DM组均明显高于PTB组（t=-3.237,t′=-4.457,P值均＜0.05）;PTB-DM组的TLC为（1.36±0.52）×10⁹/L,明显低于PTB组的（1.52±0.64）×10⁹/L（t′=2.000,P＜0.05）。 结论 与PTB患者相比,PTB-DM患者的病情较重,TC和TG水平也相对较高,临床上应给予具有针对性的诊疗措施及饮食指导。     

Bodyweight gain to predict treatment outcome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Peru

SETTING: Tuberculosis control programmes of two health care centres in the central rainforest of Peru. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if bodyweight gain (BWG) predicts treatment outcome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of adults with PTB diagnosed between 1995 and 2004. BWG was assessed after month 1 of treatment, after the initial phase and at the end of treatment. Patients were stratified into two BWG categories, < or = 5% and >5%. Failures and relapses were grouped together as unsuccessful treatment outcome. RESULTS: A total of 650 patients were included: 7.2% (n = 47) had an unsuccessful outcome. Unsuccessful outcome was associated with BWG < or = 5% at the end of treatment (RR 2.05, 95%CI 1.10-3.80), but not at the completion of month 1 (RR 0.99, 95%CI 0.52-1.88) or at completion of the initial phase (RR 1.46, 95%CI 0.82-2.57). Median BWG at completion of the initial phase was higher in cured patients (P = 0.007). BWG < or = 5% at end of treatment (RR 2.35, 95%CI 1.17-4.72), initial sputum smear 2+ (RR 2.48, 95%CI 1.14-5.31) and positive smear microscopy at month 2 (RR 4.0, 95%CI 1.30-12.31) were independent predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: BWG < or = 5% at the end of treatment, high bacterial load and lack of sputum conversion correlate with unsuccessful treatment outcome in this setting. New discriminative cut-offs for BWG are proposed.     

胸腺肽在糖尿病合并肺结核患者中的应用

目的观察并探讨胸腺肽在糖尿病合并结核病患者抗结核治疗中的作用。方法将入选的90例糖尿病合并肺结核患者随机分为观察组(n=47例)和对照组(n=43例),对照组在维持血糖基础上予常规抗结核治疗,观察组在此基础上加用胸腺肽注射液皮下注射,连用12周,对比两组治疗3个月后抗结核治疗效果。结果 1治疗90 d后,观察组CD+4构成比及CD+4/CD+8比值明显高于对照组水平这P0.05,而CD+8构成比(23.3±5.7)%显著低于对照组。2两组血糖控制平稳,观察组与治疗组空洞闭合比例、病灶吸收比例及痰菌阴转比例差异均具有统计学意义。3两组药物不良反应类型与发生率差异无统计学意义。结论糖尿病合并肺结核患者在有效控制血糖基础上,抗结核治疗中加用胸腺肽注射液能提高细胞免疫水平,加快空洞闭合、痰菌阴转与病灶吸收。     

Diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis: what do doctors of modern medicine do in India?

SETTING: Out- and in-patient services of the Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India. OBJECTIVE: To analyse diagnostic practices for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among doctors of modern medicine and to estimate their association with diagnostic accuracy. DESIGN: A consecutive case series. The diagnostic practices of 518 doctors who had prescribed treatment for PTB to 270 patients were analysed. RESULTS: Almost all of the doctors (99.8%, 95% CI 98.9-100.0) used chest X-ray, while 49.2% (95% CI 44.8-53.6) advised chest X-ray alone for diagnosis of PTB. On the other hand, 50.6% (95% CI 46.2-55.0) performed sputum microscopy while none used it without chest X-ray. Sputum microscopy was used three times more frequently by chest specialists compared with non-chest specialists (81.9% vs. 25.8%, P = 0.0000). Non-utilisation of sputum microscopy was associated with a significantly higher probability of prescribing anti-tuberculosis treatment for PTB in patients with non-tuberculous conditions (odds ratio 5.0; 95% CI 2.72-9.83). CONCLUSION: Non-utilisation of sputum smear microscopy and continued reliance on chest X-ray only by up to 49% of practitioners of modern medicine might have serious public health implications. Strategies for their continued medical education and audit of their practices should be implemented without delay.     

肺结核并发糖尿病患者临床特征及淋巴细胞亚群检测结果分析

目的 探讨肺结核并发糖尿病(pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with diabetes mellitus, PTB-DM)患者临床特征及淋巴细胞亚群特点。方法 回顾性收集2018年4月1日至2019年5月31日在解放军总医院第八医学中心结核二科住院的符合纳入标准的肺结核患者。根据是否并发糖尿病将其分为两组:PTB-DM组85例,单纯肺结核组(PTB组)96例。对两组患者临床特征包括性别、年龄、治疗史和胸部CT检查结果进行比较分析;对两组患者淋巴细胞亚群和结核分枝杆菌特异性反应T细胞检测结果分别进行比较分析。结果 PTB-DM组男性和女性分别占76.4%(65/85)和23.6%(20/85),PTB组分别占57.3%(55/96)和42.7%(41/96),差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.42,P=0.006)。PTB-DM组<25岁、25~60岁和>60岁的患者分别占2.4%(2/85)、68.2%(58/85)和29.4%(25/85); PTB组则分别占25.0%(24/96)、63.5%(61/96)和11.5%(11/96),差异有统计学意义(χ²=23.55,P=0.000)。PTB-DM组初治和复治患者分别占74.1%(63/85)和25.9%(22/85),PTB组分别占84.4%(81/96)和15.6%(15/96),差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.92,P=0.088)。PTB-DM组胸部CT扫描显示无空洞、有空洞、病变范围<3个肺叶和≥3个肺叶者分别占23.5%(20/85)、76.5%(65/85)、31.8%(27/85)和68.2%(58/85);PTB组分别为53.1%(51/96)、46.9%(45/96)、54.2%(52/96)和45.8%(44/96);PTB-DM组胸部CT有空洞和病变范围≥3个肺叶的患者明显多于PTB组,差异有统计学意义(χ²=16.56,P=0.000和χ²=9.20,P=0.002)。PTB-DM组结核分枝杆菌特异性反应T细胞阳性率为81.3%(65/80),PTB组阳性率为74.2%(66/89),差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.22,P=0.270)。PTB-DM组总T淋巴细胞绝对计数、CD4⁺T淋巴细胞绝对计数、CD8⁺T淋巴细胞绝对计数、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)绝对计数、NK样T淋巴细胞绝对计数和总B淋巴细胞绝对计数的中位数(四分位数)值分别为1069.00(753.50,2372.50)、548.00(381.00,787.50)、380.00(270.50,574.50)、184.00(111.00,294.50)、60.00(36.00,120.50)和162.00(80.50,244.00)个/μl,PTB组则分别为1161.50(858.50,1601.00)、628.00(472.75,860.50)、457.50(286.00,614.75)、191.50(115.75,315.75)、65.50(34.50,119.50)和184.50(112.25,301.00)个/μl,两组间6项指标差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.80,P=0.073;Z=-1.47,P=0.142;Z=-1.46,P=0.144;Z=-0.57,P=0.568;Z=-0.09,P=0.931;Z=-1.93,P=0.053)。结论 PTB-DM中老年男性较多,病灶范围广泛、严重; PTB是否并发DM对淋巴细胞亚群6项指标检测结果无明显影响。     

Analyses of clinical features and lymphocyte subsets in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with diabetes mellitus

目的 探讨肺结核并发糖尿病(pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with diabetes mellitus, PTB-DM)患者临床特征及淋巴细胞亚群特点。方法 回顾性收集2018年4月1日至2019年5月31日在解放军总医院第八医学中心结核二科住院的符合纳入标准的肺结核患者。根据是否并发糖尿病将其分为两组:PTB-DM组85例,单纯肺结核组(PTB组)96例。对两组患者临床特征包括性别、年龄、治疗史和胸部CT检查结果进行比较分析;对两组患者淋巴细胞亚群和结核分枝杆菌特异性反应T细胞检测结果分别进行比较分析。结果 PTB-DM组男性和女性分别占76.4%(65/85)和23.6%(20/85),PTB组分别占57.3%(55/96)和42.7%(41/96),差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.42,P=0.006)。PTB-DM组<25岁、25~60岁和>60岁的患者分别占2.4%(2/85)、68.2%(58/85)和29.4%(25/85); PTB组则分别占25.0%(24/96)、63.5%(61/96)和11.5%(11/96),差异有统计学意义(χ²=23.55,P=0.000)。PTB-DM组初治和复治患者分别占74.1%(63/85)和25.9%(22/85),PTB组分别占84.4%(81/96)和15.6%(15/96),差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.92,P=0.088)。PTB-DM组胸部CT扫描显示无空洞、有空洞、病变范围<3个肺叶和≥3个肺叶者分别占23.5%(20/85)、76.5%(65/85)、31.8%(27/85)和68.2%(58/85);PTB组分别为53.1%(51/96)、46.9%(45/96)、54.2%(52/96)和45.8%(44/96);PTB-DM组胸部CT有空洞和病变范围≥3个肺叶的患者明显多于PTB组,差异有统计学意义(χ²=16.56,P=0.000和χ²=9.20,P=0.002)。PTB-DM组结核分枝杆菌特异性反应T细胞阳性率为81.3%(65/80),PTB组阳性率为74.2%(66/89),差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.22,P=0.270)。PTB-DM组总T淋巴细胞绝对计数、CD4⁺T淋巴细胞绝对计数、CD8⁺T淋巴细胞绝对计数、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)绝对计数、NK样T淋巴细胞绝对计数和总B淋巴细胞绝对计数的中位数(四分位数)值分别为1069.00(753.50,2372.50)、548.00(381.00,787.50)、380.00(270.50,574.50)、184.00(111.00,294.50)、60.00(36.00,120.50)和162.00(80.50,244.00)个/μl,PTB组则分别为1161.50(858.50,1601.00)、628.00(472.75,860.50)、457.50(286.00,614.75)、191.50(115.75,315.75)、65.50(34.50,119.50)和184.50(112.25,301.00)个/μl,两组间6项指标差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.80,P=0.073;Z=-1.47,P=0.142;Z=-1.46,P=0.144;Z=-0.57,P=0.568;Z=-0.09,P=0.931;Z=-1.93,P=0.053)。结论 PTB-DM中老年男性较多,病灶范围广泛、严重; PTB是否并发DM对淋巴细胞亚群6项指标检测结果无明显影响。     

耐利福平肺结核病人的治疗观察

目的探讨含二线药物治疗方案的有效性和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机分组方法,将耐药结核病监测中发现的耐药肺结核（至少耐利福平）患者154例,随机分入观察组和对照组,采取不同化疗方案治疗。观察组以二线抗结核药物为主;对照组则为国家结核病控制规划制订的复治方案,均为一线抗结核药物。以细菌学和影像学改变作为疗效评价标准。结果(1)114例完成全程治疗,40例患者退出研究,其中对照组26例,观察组14例（P>0.05）;(2) 细菌学改变：观察组痰菌转阴率为81.7%,对照组为70.0%（P>0.05）。在病变范围较小者中,观察组和对照组痰菌转阴率分别为90.3%、90.0％（P>0.05）,在病变范围较大者中,观察组和对照组痰菌转阴率分别为77.5%、52.2％（P<0.05）。(3)影像学改变：2组X线胸片病灶吸收差异无统计学意义。(4) 安全性：观察组和对照组中发生不良反应的分别有17例、8例（P>0.05）。结论对于初治的耐药肺结核患者,以及病变较广泛的耐药肺结核患者,采用含二线药物的治疗方案同样安全,但疗效可能更好。     

Clinico-radiological profile and treatment outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundThe bidirectional association between tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is currently one of the major concerns for clinicians, as DM affects the disease presentation and clinical outcome of TB and vice versa. The interest in diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis is mounting rapidly and it promises to be an exciting time for researchers involved in the study of dual diseases.MethodsA prospective case control study was conducted over a period of one year, on patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with and without associated type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Pulmonary TB patients with diabetes were labelled as the case group, and those without diabetes were labelled as the control group. A total number of 63 patients in the case group were compared with 63 patients in the control group.ResultsIn the present study, clinical symptoms were similar in both the case and control groups, except for haemoptysis (27% vs. 12.7%) and weight loss (96.8% vs. 84.1%), which were significantly more predominant in the case group. There was a significant radiological involvement of the lower lung fields (46% vs. 17.5%) with cavitations (42.9% vs. 20.6%) in the case versus the control group. The sputum conversion at the end of the 2nd month was 92.1% in the control group and 55.6% in the case group (p = 0.001). In addition, cure rate in the control group was notably higher than in the case group (81% vs. 61.9%). The proportion of treatment failures were more among the case group (14.3%) as compared to the control group (1.6%).ConclusionThe present study concludes that, diabetes certainly affects the clinical, bacteriological and radiological presentation and treatment outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis.     

Impact of fluoroquinolones on the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis initially treated as bacterial pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: The excellent in vitro activity of fluoroquinolones against Mycobacterium tuberculosis has raised concerns about the delayed diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) initially misdiagnosed as pneumonia. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of empiric fluoroquinolone therapy on delays in diagnosis in patients with PTB initially misdiagnosed as bacterial pneumonia. DESIGN: Patients with PTB initially treated as having community-acquired pneumonia and treated with fluoroquinolones for more than 5 consecutive days, from January 2000 to December 2004, were enrolled. As a control group, TB patients initially treated with nonfluoroquinolone antibiotics were enrolled. We reviewed the clinical data and compared treatment responses between the two groups. RESULTS: Nine patients in the fluoroquinolone group and 19 patients in the non-fluoroquinolone group were enrolled. In the fluoroquinolone group, eight patients (89%) improved clinically or radiographically, whereas only eight patients (42%) in the non-fluoroquinolone group improved (P = 0.04). The delay in initiation of anti-tuberculosis medication was longer in the fluoroquinolone group than in the non-fluoroquinolone group (43.1 - 40.0 vs. 18.7 +/- 16.9 days, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Delay in the initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment is possible in patients administered fluoroquinolone and initially misdiagnosed as having bacterial pneumonia.     

高危人群抗结核方案的探讨

目的观察高危人群适当弱化结核治疗强度对药物性肝损发生率及痰菌阴转率的影响,探讨高危人群的抗结核治疗方案。方法选取2007年6月～2008年6月收治于南京胸科医院结核科94例存在高危因素的初治菌阳病人,随机分为标化组（46例）与非标化治疗组（48例）,比较药物性肝损发生率及痰菌阴转率。结果 2个月内,非标化治疗组药物性肝损害发生率显著低于标化组（14.6%VS34.8%,P〈0.05）;2个月末,标化组与非标化治疗组：痰集菌阴转率相比差异无统计学意义（65.2%VS64.6%,P〉0.05）,痰结核菌培养阴转率相比差异无统计学意义（60.9%VS60.4%,P〉0.05）。结论对于高危因素人群应制订合理的个体化抗结核治疗方案。     

Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in community and prison patients, Orel Oblast, Russian Federation.

SETTING: Orel Oblast, Russian Federation. OBJECTIVES: To determine baseline levels of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Orel Oblast. DESIGN: Drug susceptibility testing (DST) records from 1 July 1999 to 30 June 2000 for patients with sputum acid-fast bacilli smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were reviewed. Treatment and incarceration status were obtained from the tuberculosis register. Patients with 1 month or less of prior treatment were defined as new cases; those previously treated for more than 1 month were defined as retreatment cases. RESULTS: Of 246 smear-positive isolates, 212 (86%) had DST performed. Of these, 190 (90%) were from new and 22 (10%) from retreatment cases; 171 (81%) were from community and 41 (19%) were from prison patients. Any drug resistance was more common among prison than community patients (44% vs. 30%, P = 0.05). MDR-TB was found in 14 (6.6%) of 212 isolates, and was more prevalent in prison compared with community patients (12% vs. 5%, P = 0.05). Retreatment cases were more likely than new cases to have MDR-TB (prevalence ratio [PR] = 8.5, 95%CI = 3.3-22.3), although the PR was higher for prison than for community retreatment cases (10.0 vs. 5.8). CONCLUSIONS: New cases with MDR-TB were less prevalent in Orel Oblast compared with other survey sites in Russia. Any drug resistance and MDR-TB were associated with prior treatment, especially in the prison population. Continued monitoring of trends in drug resistance following DOTS implementation is needed.     

Initial drug susceptibility profile of M. tuberculosis among patients under TB programme in South India.

SETTING: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients enrolled for treatment at government health facilities in a sub-district of Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India. OBJECTIVES: To determine the drug susceptibility profile among PTB patients admitted to treatment according to the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP). METHODOLOGY: From May 1999 to December 2003, two additional sputum samples were collected from all patients at the start of anti-tuberculosis treatment under DOTS and were transported to a central laboratory for Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST). RESULTS: DST results were available for 1603 new sputum smear-positive patients; 85% of patients had organisms fully susceptible to streptomycin (S), isoniazid (H) and rifampicin (R), 10.4% any resistance to H and 1.7% to HR. Of 443 patients with history of previous anti-tuberculosis treatment, 59% had organisms susceptible to S, H and R, 37% had any resistance to H and 11.7% to HR. CONCLUSION: The DST profile showed that the vast majority of patients have drug-susceptible organisms, and that currently recommended regimens under the RNTCP would be effective in the treatment of TB.     

Influence of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance on the treatment outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis patients receiving DOTS in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance existing prior to treatment on the outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis patients receiving standard short-course chemotherapy (SCC) under direct observation under national programme guidelines. DESIGN: Treatment outcomes of sputum smear- and culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted consecutively from 1998 through 1999 in a referral hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 515 patients were reviewed; 139 patients were deported or transferred out. Treatment outcomes and follow-up for about 2 years were analysed for the remaining 376 patients. Among 315 patients with sensitive isolates, 301 achieved favourable outcome, none relapsed or failed, 10 defaulted, one died and three were lost to follow-up at 6 months. Mono-resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin or ethambutol did not influence the treatment outcome. All the 18 patients with mono-resistance to rifampicin were cured, but two relapsed later. Among 39 patients with any rifampicin resistance, 37 patients had favourable outcome and two failed treatment; three later relapsed. Among eight patients with MDR-TB, six had favourable outcome and two failed treatment; one later relapsed. Sputum smear conversion rates at the end of 3 months of treatment in patients with any rifampicin resistance or with multidrug resistance were inferior to those of patients with sensitive strains (89.8% vs. 96.3%, P = 0.016 and 80% vs. 96.3%, P = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance existing prior to treatment, especially rifampicin and multidrug resistance, has an adverse effect on treatment outcome, even with directly observed standard SCC under national programme guidelines.     

支气管镜下局部治疗支气管结核临床分析

目的探讨支气管结核支气管镜下表现特征,分析纤维支气管镜下局部治疗支气管结核的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析四川乐山市人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科2016年1月至2017年12月收治的92例支气管结核患者的临床资料,按照随机数字表法将患者分为观察组及对照组,观察组48例,对照组44例。两组患者均采用规范化3HRZE/9HR抗结核口服药物治疗及雾化吸入治疗,观察组在此基础上采用纤维支气管镜下局部注射药物治疗。比较两组患者治疗1、2、3、6个月时痰抗酸杆菌转阴率及治疗6个月时的临床疗效,记录治疗过程中的不良反应并进行远期随访。 结果观察组治疗3、6个月时痰菌转阴率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为85.42%,对照组为63.64%,组间比较差异具统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者治疗过程中不良反应无明显差异(P>0.05)。观察组48例支气管结核患者经12个月抗痨和支气管镜下局部治疗,全部临床治愈率;对照组为44例支气管结核临床治愈率为77.27%,两组患者远期临床治愈率比较差异具统计学意义(P＝0.000)。 结论纤维支气管下局部治疗支气管结核,结合联合常规应用抗结核药物治疗,可有效促进支气管结核患者痰菌转阴,以提高临床疗效,并且可缩短治疗周期。     

化疗加人工气腹治疗耐多药肺结核的研究

目的 观察和评价人工气腹辅助治疗耐多药肺结核（MDR－PTB）的疗效。方法 经人工气腹加药物治疗MDR－PTB 22例，与单纯药物治疗24例进行对照。结果 经人工气腹治疗组疗程结束时痰菌阴转率86．4％，病灶吸收显效率90．9％，空洞闭合率89．5％，均显高于单纯药物对照组的33．3％、37．5％及35．3％（P＜0．01），且无明显并发症及副反应。经最长3年、最短1年随访，治疗组和对照组细菌学复发率分别为5．3％和50．0％，差异有显性意义（P＜0．01）。结论 人工气腹加化疗治疗MDR－PTB，疗效显优于单纯化疗，有推广前景。     

环丙氟哌酸治疗多耐药肺结核近远期疗效的观察

目的评价环丙氟哌酸(CPFX)对多耐药肺结核(MDR-PTB)的近远期疗效?方法51例MDR PTB患者分为两组:26例应用6CHETHT/6CHTHT方案治疗,25例采用6HETHT/6HTHT方案治疗?结果疗程结束时,治疗组痰菌阴转率(76.9%)明显高于对照组(28.0%)(P<0.01);经三年随访,治疗组和对照组细菌学复发率分别为10.0%和57.1%,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05)?结论CPEX是治疗MDR-PTB的较为有效的药物?     

耐多药肺结核治疗及其影响因素分析

目的观察耐多药肺结核(MDR-TB)患者治疗的临床效果及不良反应,探讨MDR-TB影响相关因素,提高抗结核的疗效。方法收集我院2009年3月至2013年9月收治的MDR-TB患者共405例,根据病史将其分为初治组和复治组,记录两组患者的痰菌阴转率、临床疗效及不良反应等,统计分析影响MDR-TB患者治疗转归的相关因素。结果初治组患者3、6、12及24月痰菌阴转率分别68.60%、71.90%、77.69%及81.82%,而复治组为42.61%、43.66%、45.42%及46.13%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=22.926,27.112,35.695,44.047;P均0.001)。初治组治愈、失败、终止及死亡的患者分别为77.69%、15.70%、4.13%及2.48%,而复治组为55.63%、37.68%、3.52%及3.17%;治愈及失败的例数比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=17.554,19.115;P0.001),而终止与死亡差异比较无统计学意义(χ2=0.089,0.708;P0.05)。两组的胃肠道反应、肝毒性、WBC减少及皮疹的不良反应发生率比较无统计学意义(χ2=0.211,0.901,0.006,0.627;P0.05)。将相关因素进行分组分析,结果提示抗结核治疗史、体重指数、吸烟史、空洞范围、白蛋白、血红蛋白是MDR-TB治疗转归的影响因素(P0.05),而与患者的性别、年龄无相关性(P0.05)。非条件Logistic回归分析提示,多次抗结核治疗史、消瘦、吸烟史、多个结核空洞、低白蛋白血症及低血红蛋白血症是MDR-TB治疗转归的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论 MDR-TB初治组患者的痰菌阴转率及临床疗效均明显高于复治组,而不良反应无差异。治疗中应重视多次抗结核治疗史、消瘦、吸烟史、多个结核空洞、低白蛋白血症及低血红蛋白血症等因素,积极采取相关治疗措施,以提高临床治愈率。     

复治肺结核耐异烟肼患者和耐利福平患者治疗效果的分析

目的 分析耐异烟肼、耐利福平和敏感的复治肺结核患者的治疗结局,探讨耐异烟肼患者的预后。方法 采取回顾性调查的方法,选择2009年7月至2019年7月首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院联合国内20余家结核病防治机构共同合作纳入的资料完整并有治疗转归结果的922例复治菌阳肺结核患者,排除219例耐多药及广泛耐药肺结核患者,排除非利福平和非异烟肼耐药的100例患者,共入选复治菌阳肺结核患者603例。复治肺结核敏感患者的治疗方案采用复治标准化方案,耐异烟肼或耐利福平治疗方案采用个体化方案,对其中药物敏感的485例患者(简称“敏感组”)、耐异烟肼(包含异烟肼单耐药和多耐药)的73例患者(简称“耐异烟肼组”)和耐利福平(包含利福平单耐药和多耐药)的45例患者(简称“耐利福平组”)的治疗转归进行对比分析。结果 在治疗2个月末时,耐异烟肼组痰涂片阴转率(63.6%,42/66)和痰培养阴转率(63.6%,35/55)均分别低于耐利福平组[84.6%(33/39)和70.6%(24/34)]和敏感组[84.2%(388/461)和80.0%(343/429)],差异均有统计学意义(χ²=16.567,P<0.001;χ²=8.500,P=0.014);在治疗6个月末时,耐异烟肼组痰涂片阴转率(79.7%,47/59)和痰培养阴转率(76.5%,39/51)均分别低于耐利福平组[89.2%(33/37)和93.5%(29/31)]和敏感组[91.5%(398/435)和90.8%(367/404)],差异均有统计学意义(χ²=8.127,P=0.017;χ²=10.533,P=0.005)。耐异烟肼组治愈率(53.4%,39/73)低于耐利福平组(60.0%,27/45)和敏感组(69.5%,337/485),差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.407,P=0.015);耐异烟肼组治疗成功率(64.4%,47/73)低于耐利福平组(75.6%,34/45)和敏感组(82.1%,398/485),差异有统计学意义(χ²=12.587,P=0.002)。结论 复治肺结核患者中,耐异烟肼患者痰菌阴转率和治疗成功率均低于耐利福平患者和敏感患者;应重视每一种药品的耐药情况,特别是临床应用时间较长的药品。     

肺结核合并糖尿病患者药物性肝损伤影响因素分析

目的: 分析肺结核合并糖尿病患者(PTB-DM)发生抗结核药物性肝损伤(anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury,ATB-DILI)的影响因素。方法: 采用前瞻性队列研究的方法,连续纳入2017年10月至2019年3月青岛市中心医院北部院区符合入组标准的458例住院PTB-DM患者作为研究对象。通过自行设计的结构式调查问卷收集研究对象治疗前的年龄、性别、婚姻状况、文化水平、职业、膳食、吸烟、饮酒、体力活动水平、结核病临床症状、体质量指数、血生化指标、血常规指标、血糖控制水平、保肝药物使用及种类情况等信息;随访8个月后采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析研究对象发生ATB-DILI的情况及其影响因素。结果: 458例PTB-DM患者中,53例发生ATB-DILI,发生率为11.6%。在调整了吸烟、体力活动、保肝药物使用和贫血等混杂因素后,发现血糖控制不良[HR(95%CI)=2.787(1.2566.183)]、饮酒[HR(95%CI)=2.159(1.097~4.251)]、消瘦(体质量指数<18.5)[HR(95%CI)=2.808(1.391~5.670)]、膳食多样性不足[HR(95%CI)=3.199(1.372~7.459)]是PTB-DM患者发生ATB-DILI的危险因素。结论: PTB-DM患者抗结核治疗后易发生ATB-DILI,尤其饮酒、消瘦和膳食多样性不足者,发生ATB-DILI的风险更高。