下肢疲劳性骨折X线诊断分析

目的探讨下肢疲劳性骨折的X线特征性表现和鉴别诊断。方法2000年6月～2005年2月,对156例主诉高强度训练合并双下肢疼痛、跛行的患者进行X线正、侧位片检查,证实为下肢疲劳性骨折。重点对其X线片的各种表现进行分析,并进行患肢X线摄片和临床随访。结果本组患者除1例手术治疗外,其余均行休息、牵引、石膏外固定等保守治疗,经治疗后效果良好。全部患者均获得随访,平均随访3个月;骨愈合时间1～2个月,全部恢复工作和训练。结论下肢疲劳性骨折在X线片中根据发病阶段分别具有软组织局限性包块、骨小梁排列紊乱或中断、通过皮质透亮带、骨内膜骨痂、骨外膜骨痂及晚期愈合后有或无局限性骨质硬化或骨干增粗等特征性改变,与其它疾病的鉴别具有重要的临床意义,并为其临床治疗提供基础。     

胫骨高位截骨Giebel内固定治疗膝内翻的疗效观察

目的探讨胫骨高位截骨Giebel内固定术治疗膝内翻畸形的效果。方法对18膝内翻畸形患者采用胫骨高位截骨Giebel内固定。手术前后摄双下肢负重位全长X线片,测量内翻角、机械轴线和斛剖轴线并记录。结果18例均获得随访,时间8～29个月。术后1例出现腓总神经麻痹,经治疗3个月后肌力感觉完全恢复。截骨处在术后12～14周均达到骨性愈合,疼痛症状均明显缓解或消失,摄片检查下肢力线维持在术后水平。结论胫骨高位截骨Giebel内固定术治疗膝内翻畸形效果确实可靠,骨愈合率高,推迟了膝关节置换的年龄。     

耻骨骨炎的四种特殊X线表现(附20例分析)

目的 探索不同类型耻骨骨炎X线平片的一般表现及特殊表现。方法 选择20例资料完整、经临床证实的耻骨骨炎病例,观察其治疗前后的X线平片表现,并分为一般X线表现及特殊X线表现。结果 20例耻骨骨炎病例均不仅具备传统的耻骨骨炎的X线征象,而且还发现耻骨的骨刺、骨桥形成、骨折及骨囊性变四种特殊的X线表现。结论 四种特殊X线表现是对耻骨骨炎发病机理的解释和支持,可对传统的耻骨骨炎X线诊断标准进行充实。     

胫骨高位截骨改良Giebel刃形钢板内固定治疗伴膝内翻的膝骨性关节炎

目的:观察胫骨高位截骨改良Giebel刃形钢板内固定治疗伴膝内翻畸形的膝骨性关节炎的临床疗效.方法:7例10个伴膝内翻畸形的膝骨性关节炎患者行胫骨高位截骨改良Giebel刃形钢板内固定术,术后观察X线及临床症状的变化.结果:所有病例均获得随访,随访时间8～24个月,平均16个月,截骨部位临床愈合时间为8～12周,平均10周,无1例不愈合,术后X线片示膝关节内侧间隙明显增宽,膝关节内翻畸形基本纠正,优良率为90%.结论:胫骨高位截骨改良Giebel刃形钢板内固定具有手术创伤小,固定牢固,早期功能锻炼,术后恢复快等优点.是治疗伴膝内翻畸形的膝骨性关节炎较年轻患者的一种首选方法.     

SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折的影像学评估及解剖钢板治疗

目的:探讨SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折术前充分影像学评估的重要性及解剖钢板治疗的临床疗效。方法:SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折患者67例,男48例,女19例;年龄16～69岁,平均45.4岁。开放性骨折10例,闭合性骨折57例。术前均行膝关节正、侧位X线摄片检查、螺旋CT薄层扫描和三维重建、MRI检查,根据影像学资料对患膝骨、软骨及软组织损伤进行评估。采用解剖钢板或结合关节镜进行治疗。结果:X线片、CT、MRI在明确诊断方面没有明显差异,在分型诊断中,CT、MRI明显优于X线片;经MRI检查均存在不同程度的软骨损伤,常多种表现并存;CT、MRI检查发现伴随的软组织损伤分别为17例、59例;参考CT、MRI扫描后手术方式发生改变21例(31.3%)。术后随访9～31个月,平均18.2个月,骨折均获临床愈合;Rasmussen影像学及临床评分优良率分别为86.7%(58例)、94.0%(63例),Resnick-Niwayama分级评价呈现骨性关节炎的患者21例(31.3%)。未出现切口不愈合或感染,无膝内、外翻畸形,无钢板、螺钉断裂。结论:结合X线片、CT、MRI能获得对手术方案制定及手术效果预测的重要图像信息;解剖钢板或结合关节镜治疗SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折安全可靠、损伤小且疗效满意。     

胫骨平台陈旧性骨折及骨折后畸形愈合的手术治疗

目的探讨陈旧性胫骨平台骨折及骨折后畸形愈合的治疗方法。方法陈旧性胫骨平台骨折37例(男31例,女6例),从受伤或第一次手术至本次手术时间平均28.5个月(1个月～6年)。34例行截骨、软骨面抬高、植骨和内固定术;3例同时行自体骨软骨移植术。结果平均随访62.3个月,骨折全部愈合;膝关节屈曲角度比健侧平均减少(15.7±7.5)°;疗效按Merchant评分,优20例,良14例,可3例,优良率91.9%。结论应综合患者的年龄、病情考虑手术方案;依靠胫骨的解剖形态X线检查具有诊断可靠、方便的优点;对手术难度要有充分的认识。     

膝关节损伤影像比较

目的探讨传统的影像检查方法（X线、CT）及MR成像技术对膝关节外伤性骨损伤的诊断价值。方法对85例因外伤临床膝关节有疼痛及功能障碍的患者进行X线、CT及MRTIWI／TSE,T2wI／TSE,STIR序列扫描,并作结果比较。结果46例X线平片明确诊断有骨折;11例x线平片检查未见异常,CT显示骨皮质断裂;28例X线及CT骨结构均未见异常,MRI表现：T1WI呈不规则网状、地图状低信号,T2WI呈片状高信号改变,STIR序列呈明显高信号,并与其病理改变相符合。同时MRI还能反应出合并的半月板、韧带损伤及关节腔（囊）内积血情况。结论X线是常规检查方法,CT检查是常规X线检查方法的补充,可发现细小骨皮质及骨小梁改变,MR检查明显优于传统影像学检查,它有助于提高诊断敏感性,增加临床对外伤性骨损伤的认识,为临床得到及时有效的治疗方案提供影像依据,有利于关节损伤后功能的恢复。     

MRI、CT对105例胫骨平台隐匿性骨折的诊断价值比较研究

目的研究分析MRI、CT对胫骨平台隐匿性骨折的临床诊断价值。方法选取2014年6月至2017年6月收治的疑似胫骨平台骨折患者105例,入院后对所有患者行X线检查。X线检查疑诊骨折但无法确诊者、未见异常但症状明显且无法排除可能伴有胫骨平台隐匿性骨折者,均于创伤后7天内行MRI和CT检查。对CT、MRI检查后的准确率进行比较研究。结果 MRI诊断胫骨平台隐匿性骨折的敏感度、特异度、准确度均明显高CT检查诊断,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);MRI检查诊断胫骨平台隐匿性骨折中累及骨皮质的敏感度、特异度、准确度均显著低于CT检查,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于膝关节创伤后根据临床症状无法对胫骨平台隐匿性骨折进行彻底排除时,首先应采用X线、MRI联合检查。虽然CT对累及骨皮质骨折的检查准确度更高,但对于骨小梁的骨折诊断,MRI优势显著。MRI、CT联合应用诊断胫骨平台隐匿性骨折,诊断准确率最高,可为临床诊断治疗提供有效参考依据。     

胫骨高位开放截骨联合人工骨植入术治疗中年患者膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效

目的 探讨胫骨内侧高位开放截骨联合人工骨植入术治疗中年患者膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法 2017年1月至2019年1月,华北医疗健康集团邢台总医院关节骨科对16例(17膝)中年膝骨关节炎伴有内翻畸形的患者,进行了关节镜清理、胫骨内侧高位开放性楔形截骨、人工骨植入及国产胫骨截骨锁定钢板内固定手术。其中男性4例5膝;女性12例12膝;年龄40～65岁,平均(52±7)岁。术前检查膝关节X线片和下肢全长X线片,进行术前测量及评估,评估截骨间隙愈合情况,通过比较患者术前与术后3个月、6个月、12个月的股胫角(femorotibial angle, FTA)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分,评估胫骨内侧高位开放截骨联合人工骨植入术治疗中年患者膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效,记录并发症的发生及处理情况。结果 随访1年,患者膝内翻畸形均得到纠正。术后3、6、12个月VAS低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);术后3、6、12个月的FTA低于术前(P<0.001)。术后6个月的X线片可见植入人工骨后的截骨间隙愈合良好,无不愈合及延迟愈合。1...     

胫骨成角短缩畸形数字化三维精准矫形研究

目的探讨三维数字化骨科技术和Ilizarov环形外固定架辅助胫骨成角短缩畸形精准矫形的效果。方法 2012年6月—2016年8月收治胫骨成角伴短缩畸形患者26例,其中男12例,女14例;年龄1~19岁,平均16.5岁。先天性胫骨假关节患者6例,胫骨、股骨纤维结构不良1例,小儿麻痹后遗症导致肢体短缩畸形3例,骨折畸形愈合16例。术前患侧肢体短缩1.5~9.5 cm,平均6.2 cm。采取数字化骨科技术分析患肢三维空间存在的畸形,模拟截骨矫形和延长的手术过程,计算机辅助设计(computer aided design,CAD)、3D打印个性化辅助截骨矫形导航模板,借助外固定架辅助胫骨延长。术后定期复查X线片,随访观察新生骨塑形情况、肢体延长长度、下肢力线、成角畸形有无复发。结果术后患者均获随访,随访时间14~48个月,平均18.8个月。1例发生针孔浅表感染,经清洁换药和口服抗生素治疗后愈合。无骨不连、足部马蹄状畸形、血管神经损伤等并发症发生。术后1周复查X线片示胫骨畸形完全矫正,下肢负重力线恢复正常。所有患者按照术前计划完成骨延长长度,牵移骨痂矿化时间为12~20周,平均11.6周;外固定架拆除时间为18~26周,平均14.9周;愈合指数为21~78 d/cm,平均63.4 d/cm。延长过程中1例患儿膝关节屈曲活动较健侧减少15°,经理疗锻炼后好转,并完成肢体延长达到预期矫正效果。结论采用三维数字化技术辅助胫骨畸形实施精准矫形,借助外固定架辅助矫形术后肢体延长,可获得较好疗效,保证了手术的安全性、微创性和精准性。     

8例髋关节暂时性骨质疏松症的临床诊断与治疗

目的探讨髋关节暂时性骨质疏松症（transient osteoporosis of the hip,TOH）的临床表现、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。方法2003年8月至2009年8月治疗8例TOH患者,男2例,女6例;年龄22—43岁,平均34．9岁。患者均为单侧发病,左侧5例,右侧3例。患者的患髋均表现有不同程度的突发急性疼痛或渐进性疼痛,同时伴有显著的跛行。患髋内旋轻度受限是主要的体征。症状出现后3—6周,x线片可见股骨头均匀广泛的骨质疏松,MR表现为弥散且一致的等低T1、长T2异常信号,脂肪抑制序列呈高信号。嘱患者在疼痛可忍受的条件下半负重行走,避免出现骨折等并发症;口服二膦酸盐和钙剂;剧烈疼痛时,可口服非甾体类抗炎药物缓解疼痛。结果临床治疗3个月后疼痛明显减轻,10个月后疼痛完全缓解,复查MR示病变完全消失。结论TOH是一种少见的疾病,无原因出现的髋关节疼痛和跛行是主要症状,X线片和MR可分别看到暂时性的骨质疏松和骨髓水肿。此病具有自限性,保守治疗可获得良好的结果,明确诊断是治疗的关键。     

Total hip arthroplasty in chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocation

We treated 15 patients with chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocations at our hospital; all patients sustained the fracture-dislocations in motor vehicle accidents. All presented to our institution more than 6 months after initial treatment at their local hospitals with uncontained femoral heads; all underwent 1-stage total hip arthroplasty with bone grafting. These patients were monitored for a mean of 71.5 months (range, 36-96 months). All patients had significantly decreased pain, increased function, and increased range-of-motion scores using the Merle d'Aubigné scoring system. All grafts showed radiographic evidence of union. There were 2 dislocations, 1 transient peroneal nerve palsy, and 1 superficial infection. Total hip arthroplasty is effective for relieving pain and restoring function in chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocations.     

The clinical relevance of radiologically revealed Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans).

Radiological and hospital records of 400 patients with Paget's disease that was shown radiologically have been examined in an effort to establish the clinical significance of the disease. Twenty-eight per cent of the patients were considered to have symptoms related to their disease, the most frequent symptom being bone pain, deformity and fracture. It appears that Paget's disease may predispose to the formation of urinary calculi. Malignant change and neurological and cardiovascular complications are rare, and osteitis deformans does not appear to predispose to osteoarthrosis.     

脊柱结核的早期诊断和治疗

目的探讨脊柱结核早期的临床表现和影像学特点。方法对19例脊柱结核患者行X线、CT和MRI检查，同时行PPD试验、血沉、胸片、胸部CT和ECT等检查。明确诊断后再进行正规抗结核治疗。结果脊柱结核早期患者全身结核毒性症状并不典型，患者均表现为不同程度的局部疼痛，其中8例患者曾被误诊。CT检查能清晰地显示椎体内较小的溶骨性、虫蚀状改变等骨质破坏灶及其内毛玻璃状高密度的死骨（19例），周围可伴有骨增生硬化带（10例），可伴有椎前软组织肿胀。MRI发现椎体骨炎（19例）及终板破坏，以及骨内小脓肿。早期椎间盘信号正常或高信号为主、椎间隙正常。结论脊柱结核早期患者常表现为局部疼痛，可不伴有典型的结核中毒症状。CT能显示早期微小的脊柱结核病变如骨质破坏、死骨等现象；MRI能清楚显示椎体骨炎、终板和（或）椎间盘的破坏和椎体内小灶骨脓肿。结合CT和MRI两者优点，可较早诊断脊柱结核；从而指导临床尽早进行抗结核治疗，避免漏诊、延迟诊断或误诊带来的不良后果，具有较大临床意义。     

Total hip arthroplasty with a collarless, tapered, fiber metal proximally coated femoral stem: minimum 5-year follow-up

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the midterm results, osteointegration potential, and implant-related complications of a cementless, collarless, proximally coated, distally tapered femoral hip prosthesis. The clinical and radiographic results for 129 hips in 116 patients after total hip arthroplasty with a Fiber Metal Taper (Zimmer, Inc ,Warsaw, Ind) femoral stem are reported. One hundred twenty-two (95%) hips were available for the minimum of 5 years clinical and radiographic follow-up. The mean duration of follow-up was 81 months (range, 60-104 months). The mean Harris hip score improved from 44 to 92 at the most recent follow-up. All femoral components were clinically stable with radiographic evidence of bone ingrowth. There has been no evidence of subsidence greater than 2 mm, no significant thigh pain, and no femoral revisions for any reason. Total hip arthroplasty with the Fiber Metal Taper stem demonstrates good clinical and radiographic results at midterm follow-up.     

Acute ischemia of the lower limb. An unusual complication of Paget's disease of bone.

Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans) is one of the most common skeletal diseases, characterised by bone distortion and the loss of interior structure. Asymptomatic evolution is usual, so diagnosis is likely to be made only when complications of the disease appear. This paper describes such a diagnosis made in a patient with acute lower limb ischemia caused by the compression of the superficial femoral artery between the adductor muscles and an exostosis of the femur.     

Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure by total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autograft.

Sixty-one patients with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism underwent total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autograft. Symptoms relieved by parathyroidectomy included bone pain, pruritus, soft tissue calcification, muscle weakness and healing of fractures. Serum parathormone levels measured before and after operation in 48 patients returned to normal in all but two patients. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels also returned toward normal after operation, except in one patient with a retained parathyroid gland. Complete radiographic studies before and after operation were available in 30 of 61 patients. Twenty-three of 24 patients with osteitis fibrosa had evidence of healing, and in one patient no change occurred. Osteosclerosis noticed in 23 patients improved slightly in eight patients, did not change in 14 and became worse in one. Pathologic examinations revealed 45 patients to have diffuse hyperplasia and 16 nodular hyperplasia. There were two early postoperative deaths, in the first 30 days, and 16 late postoperative deaths, from four months to four years afterward. In no case did the operation contribute to death. Some patients required the administration of supplemental calcium after operation, but in no instance did profound hypocalcemia occur. No patient developed recurrent hyperparathyroidism.     

Scanning electron microscopic study of subchondral bone tissues in osteoarthritic femoral head]

In total hip replacement for 12 aged women with advanced osteoarthritis of the hip joint, three types of lesioned articular cartilage with various degrees of severity and ivory bone were obtained together with their subchondral bone tissues. These specimens were processed and studied under scanning electron microscope and were compared with sex and age-matched non-osteoarthritic femoral head articular cartilage specimens. In osteoarthritic femoral heads, with deepening of the articular lesion, the articular cartilage gradually became thinned out and eventually lost. The subchondral bone plate became markedly thickened in most of the specimens. The epiphyseal trabeculae were also thickened and turned rough so that the meshwork pattern gradually disappeared. The thickened trabeculae finally fused into a large piece of dense bone tissues without microfracture. These changes could be accounted for by the increased stress imposed on the subchondral bone tissues as a result of incompetence of the diseased articular cartilage. Consequently, the changes on the part of subchondral bone tissues of the osteoarthritic femoral heads were the sequent, rather than the cause, of the articular lesions.