腹膜腔囊性病变的CT表现

目的：探讨腹膜腔囊性病变的CT诊断及应用价值。方法：对照分析57例腹膜腔囊性病变的CT表现和手术、病理结果。结果：21例腹膜腔囊肿或囊腺瘤、囊腺癌CT均表现为边界清晰的囊性或囊实性包块,7例肠系膜囊肿发现囊肿与肠系膜根部相连。5例腹膜腔假性黏液瘤则在肝脏前、后间隙和结肠下间隙见多个有分隔状囊性肿块。3例腹膜腔囊性间皮瘤局限于下腹腔,壁稍厚,有强化。4例腹膜腔淋巴管瘤位于胃脾肾间隙和胃肝间隙,5例腹膜腔血肿均有外伤史,表现为上腹部器管间隙内边缘清晰的囊性包块。12例腹膜腔脓肿均有腹部手术和术后发热史。结论：CT能清晰地显示腹膜腔囊性病变的部位、形态和范围,对临床诊断和治疗有重要价值。     

成人腹部囊性淋巴管瘤的CT表现

目的:探讨成人腹部囊性淋巴管瘤的CT表现及其诊断价值. 材料和方法:回顾性分析6例经病理证实的腹部囊性淋巴管瘤的CT表现. 结果:3例起源于小肠系膜,1例起源于结肠系膜,2例发生在腹膜后腔.6例均为多房型.2例呈巨大长袋状,2例形态不规则,2例为分叶状囊肿.囊壁菲薄,光滑,囊内密度均匀,部分囊壁和间隔可见增强.2例可见"血管穿行征",2例沿组织间隙蔓延呈"爬行性生长"改变. 结论:肠系膜及腹膜后囊性淋巴管瘤是腹部的少见囊性病变,CT能够准确地显示病变的形态学特征和部位, 并能够提供相应的诊断依据,帮助与其他囊性疾病鉴别.     

多排螺旋CT和MRI检查腹部囊性淋巴管瘤的临床价值分析

目的探讨CT及MRI两种检查方法在腹部囊性淋巴管瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法对26例腹部囊性淋巴管瘤患者的CT及MRI表现进行分析,探讨两种影像学检查方法应用价值。结果病理检查结果:26例患者中2例位于大网膜囊,12例位于肠系膜,10例位于后腹膜,2例位于两侧肾上腺。CT和MRI检查结果:CT检查显示病灶壁均很薄,部分病灶可见分隔,呈现水样密度,注入对比增强剂后,壁及分隔轻度强化;病灶形态不规则,呈现分房样改变,可见血管、胃壁及肠腔被包绕其中,而且对其相邻结构均产生不同程度的挤压推移。在MRI检查图像中,病灶呈现稍长T1长T2信号,壁较薄,其内可见多发条状信号分隔影,注入对比剂后壁及分隔可见轻度强化。结论 CT及MRI检查可清楚显示腹部囊性淋巴管瘤部位、范围、内部特征,对术前协助诊断及对手术均有重要指导意义。     

腹部脏器外淋巴管瘤的CT诊断

目的:探讨肠系膜及腹膜后淋巴管瘤的CT表现.方法:回顾性分析经临床手术病理证实的13例腹部脏器外淋巴管瘤的CT表现.结果:CT显示6例单囊;7例多囊,2例呈弥漫微囊;无壁7例,囊壁菲薄4例,增强后无强化;厚壁2例,增强后强化;5例有分隔,增强后强化;钙化1例;肠系膜血管征2例;11例囊内为均匀水样密度;肿块最小2 cm,最大32 cm.结论:腹部淋巴管瘤的影像学表现为单囊或多囊,部分较大肿块呈分叶状,无壁或壁菲薄,囊内密度均匀,为水或更低密度,少见钙化,肠系膜血管征为其特征性表现,CT对定位定性具有重要价值.     

成人肠系膜淋巴管瘤CT表现与病理相关分析

目的 探讨成人肠系膜淋巴管瘤的CT表现与病理之间相关性,以提高CT诊断本病的准确率.方法 回顾性分析16例肠系膜淋巴管瘤CT与病理表现.结果 16例中起源于小肠系膜10例,大网膜5例,小网膜1例.病变位于腹腔7例,跨腹腔、盆腔6例,盆腔3例.4例单房型淋巴管瘤呈圆形、类圆形;12例多房型淋巴管瘤中类圆形2例,哑铃形2例,爬行式或塑形式生长或呈口袋征8例.囊壁及分隔呈线状或网格状.囊腔内容物呈囊性密度10例,囊实性密度6例;另见含脂肪4例,钙化2例.12例囊壁及间隔呈轻度渐进性强化,囊性或囊实性囊腔不强化.6例病变内见血管穿行,穿行血管不为肿瘤提供血供.16例成人肠系膜淋巴管瘤中囊性淋巴管瘤12例,海绵状淋巴管瘤4例.16例病变中4例没有血管成分,12例含5％ ～30％不等血管,病变内血管成分与囊腔内囊性或囊实性容物是否强化没有关系.结论 爬行式生长,口袋征,血管穿行征,条形脂肪征,增强扫描囊壁及间隔呈渐进性强化而囊腔内囊性或囊实性成分不强化特点相结合,CT检查可以对成人肠系膜淋巴管瘤做出正确诊断.     

腹膜后囊性淋巴管瘤的MSCT诊断价值

目的探讨MSCT在腹膜后囊性淋巴管瘤中的诊断价值。方法搜集经手术及病理证实的腹膜后囊性淋巴管瘤12例,全部患者接受MSCT腹部平扫,其中5例同时接受MSCT腹部平扫及增强扫描。回顾性分析12例腹膜后囊性淋巴管瘤患者的MSCT影像学特征,并与手术及病理结果进行对照。结果 12例MSCT均表现为腹膜后囊性病变,其中单房囊性1例,多房囊性11例,所有病变囊壁清晰,壁厚1～2 mm,沿组织间隙蔓延生长11例;5例同时接受平扫及增强扫描的患者,增强后囊壁及囊壁间隔于动脉期呈轻到中度强化,门静脉期及延迟期持续强化,而囊内容物于三期MSCT扫描均无强化。结论 MSCT能够清晰显示腹膜后囊性淋巴管瘤的影像学特征、病变的发生部位及累及范围,对该病的诊断及指导临床选择治疗方案有重要价值。     

淋巴管瘤的超声诊断及声像图分析

淋巴管瘤属淋巴管发育畸形 ,一般认为是来自淋巴管组织的一种良性肿瘤〔1〕。好发于头颈部、躯干、纵隔、肠系膜、腹膜后及四肢等处。胎儿期即可诊断。近年来成人中发现的病例也不少见。本文回顾性分析了我院近年来经超声诊断并经手术及病理组织学证实的 3 5例淋巴管瘤资料 ,以提高对超声诊断淋巴管瘤图像特征的认识。1　材料和方法1.1　本组淋巴管瘤 3 5例 ,男 17例 ,女 18例 ,年龄 5 0天～ 5 7岁 ,<1岁 6例 ,1～ 11岁 17例 ,成人 12例。发生于颈部 12例 ,头面部 7例 ,肩部与四肢 7例 (其中腋下 3例 ,上肢 2例 ,肩部 2例 ) ,胸腹部 8例 (其…     

儿童腹部脏器外囊性病变的的CT诊断

目的:探讨CT对儿童腹部脏器外囊性病变的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析35例经手术病理证实的儿童腹部脏器外囊性病变的CT表现。结果:淋巴管瘤11例,其中肠系膜淋巴管瘤7例,腹膜后淋巴管瘤4例,肿块形态不规则,囊壁菲薄,张力低,边缘清楚,其中8例可见线条状分隔,8例行增强扫描均未见强化。肠系膜囊肿8例,均为先天性肠系膜囊肿,形态较规则,边缘清晰锐利,囊壁薄而均匀,6例为单房,2例为多房,2例囊壁呈线状强化,6例囊壁无强化。大网膜囊肿4例,长径均大于6cm,病灶位于腹腔前方,紧贴前腹壁,形态不规则。肠重复畸形6例,均与肠管关系密切,4例呈管状,2例呈类圆形,4例囊壁可见强化。囊性畸胎瘤4例,3例位于腹膜后,1例位于骶尾部,2例囊壁可见线条状钙化。腹部脓肿2例,呈不规则液性密度区,囊壁较厚且厚薄不均,增强时明显强化。结论:CT对腹部脏器外囊性病变的形态特征、大小范围及与周围组织结构的关系显示清晰,能对大多数病变作出准确诊断。     

囊性淋巴管瘤DSCT表现及病理对照

目的探讨囊性淋巴管瘤的DSCT表现与病理对照分析。方法搜集经病理证实为囊性淋巴管瘤15例的DSCT影像资料,回顾性分析病灶DSCT表现,并与手术及病理结果对照。结果 15例囊性淋巴管瘤中,位于颈部3例,腋下1例,纵膈2例,腹部9例,包括大网膜4例,肠系膜3例,腹膜后2例,其中1例伴肝脏局灶性结节增生。单房囊肿6例,多房囊肿9例,除1例囊壁厚以外,其余囊壁均薄,囊内可见纤细分隔,囊壁及分隔均无壁结节,密度均匀,CT值约+11HU,大小约2.4~21.2cm,腹部9例病例中8例病灶旁均可见结节状钙化灶,增强囊壁及分隔均有强化,3例囊内可见血管穿行。结论 DSCT能够清晰显示病变的影像学特征、病变部位、累及范围及周围血管情况,对临床确定手术方案有着十分重要的价值。     

腹部淋巴管瘤的CT及MR表现

目的 探讨腹部淋巴管瘤(lymphangioma,LA)的CT及MRI诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析5例经病理证实的腹部LA的CT及MRI表现.结果 5例中肠系膜3例.腹膜后2例,表现为跨区、沿组织间隙适形性生长的囊袋状病灶,壁薄、光滑,囊及囊壁无明显强化.1例见肠系膜血管征伴周缘多发滋养血管.结论 CT及MRI对腹部LA的诊断具有重要价值,联合应用有助于提高其诊断准确性.     

Stress MR imaging for evaluation of popliteal artery entrapment

The popliteal artery entrapment (PAE) syndrome has been recognized as a cause of arterial occlusion in young people. It is the result of an anomaly of the relationship between the popliteal artery and the gastrocnemius muscle. Eight young healthy volunteers (16 legs) and six patients (10 legs) with suspected PAE underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Gradient-echo images were obtained in axial planes with the leg at rest and during active plantar flexion against resistance. Imaging at rest allowed identification of PAE signs in only one leg, which had an anomalous medial course of the popliteal artery. In the other cases, only the stress technique was able to show signal loss in the popliteal artery due to muscular compression (two legs) or the presence of accessory muscle slip around the vessel (two legs), as confirmed at surgery. MR imaging is therefore a useful technique for the diagnosis of PAE because of its capability of combining information obtainable with other modalities.     

MR imaging of muscle and tender points in fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome manifested by chronic, diffuse muscu-loskeletal aching and soreness, palpable muscle tender points, and other symptoms. Standardized clinical diagnostic criteria have recently been developed. Skeletal muscle has been postulated as the end organ in this disease. Biochemical, histologic, electromyographic, and conventional radiographic studies have demonstrated no definitive abnormality. This study sought to establish whether magnetic resonance (MR) imaging could demonstrate any abnormality in these patients. Eighteen patients were entered in the study, 14 of whom were able to complete their examinations. T1 -weighted, T2-weighted, gradient-echo, and STIR (short-tau inversion-recovery) sequences were performed in all patients, with selected patients examined with T1weighted, gadopentetate dimeglu-mine-enhanced sequences. The trapezius and suboccipital regions were imaged in patients who, clinically, had active fibro-myalgia. No abnormalities could be detected. The authors conclude that the conventional MR imaging used in this study was unable to depict any primary skeletal muscle abnormality in fibromyalgia.     

Uterine contractions: Possible diagnostic pitfall at MR imaging

A total of 206 nongravid patients with various gynecologic problems underwent pelvic magnetic resonance (MR) examinations that included both sagittal T2-weighted and contrast agent–enhanced T1-weighted images. MR images were retrospectively reviewed to identify changes in endometrial configuration on serial images obtained during the same MR examination. In 20 MR examinations (all in women of reproductive age), endometrial distortion due to myometrial bulging was noted on T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. It was absent on other MR images obtained at different times. Myometrial bulging exhibited low signal intensity in 18 examinations. The finding resembled adenomyosis or leiomyoma on T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. These results evidence the presence of transient myometrial bulging and transient low-intensity myometrium in the nongravid uterus. This phenomenon is thought to represent uterine contraction. Clinicians should be aware of the potential presence of transient low-signal-intensity myometrial bulging that could present diagnostic problems in the normal uterus.     

Controversies in cervical spine imaging in trauma patients

No area of emergency radiology has generated as much discussion in recent years as the subject of cervical spine imaging for trauma patients. This review will be in three parts. The first will examine the indications for cervical imaging and will focus on those factors that make patients at high risk or low risk for cervical injury. The second part will discuss the merits of radiography and computed tomography as the main screening diagnostic examination. In addition to the roles of each modality in the evaluation process, such factors as efficacy of diagnosis, time (duration) of study, and cost will be discussed. Finally, the third part will explore the methods currently employed to clear the cervical spine in comatose patients.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Emergency Radiology, Las Vegas, Nevada, 22–25 October, 2003     

Brodie Abscess: MR imaging appearance in 10 patients

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of Brodie abscess have not yet been fully evaluated. Ten patients with Brodie abscess, eight of long bone and two of vertebra, were studied with MR imaging. Long bone abscess had a characteristic “target” appearance with four layers: (a) a center with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR (short-inversion-time inversion recovery) images, (b) an inner ring isointense to muscle on T1-weighted images and with high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images, (c) an outer ring hypoin-tense on all images, and (d) a peripheral halo hypointense on T1-weighted images. In six of eight cases, a soft-tissue mass was found. The two vertebral abscesses had a less specific appearance, with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images. Only the peripheral halo was clearly identified in both cases.     

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging assessment of vascularized free fibular grafts

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be a noninvasive method for assessing perfusion of vascularized bone grafts placed for treatment of avascular necrosis. One proximal femur of seven beagles was devascularized, with insertion of a vascularized fibular graft. MR imaging at 1 week (seven dogs) and 6 weeks (five dogs) after surgery included pre- and postcontrast spin-echo sequences, unenhanced twodimensional time-of-flight (TOF) vascular imaging, and dynamic gradient-echo imaging during infusion of gadolinium. Relative signal intensity values of selected regions obtained from the dynamic gradientecho images were plotted as percent enhancement versus time. In the operated hip, MR imaging did not show enhancement in six of seven femoral heads and greater trochanters at 1 week after surgery, with similar results after 6 weeks. MR imaging of fibular grafts 6 weeks after surgery showed an initial rapid increase in enhancement and a subsequent slower increase in five of five dogs, although no enhancement was seen in six of seven dogs at 1 week. These findings contrasted with a rapid initial increase in enhancement followed by slow decline in non-operated hips. Two-dimensional TOP imaging did not show the vascular pedicle of the graft in any dog. Findings of radionuclide bone scanning performed 1 week after surgery were consistent with devascularization of the operated femur and fibular graft. However, tetracycline distribution and histologic findings confirmed the viability of five of five grafts within the devascularized femurs 6 weeks after surgery. Thus, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 6 weeks after surgery is valuable for assessing vascular bone graft perfusion, while similar imaging at 1 week may suggest otherwise.     

Right-side aortic arch with aneurysm of aberrant left subclavian artery: MR imaging appearance.

Reports of aneurysms of the subclavian artery in both normal and anomalous aortic arches have been rare. The authors describe a patient with a right-side aortic arch and an aneurysm of the aberrant left subclavian artery, which, to the authors' knowledge, is a previously unreported association. At presentation, the aneurysm appeared as a calcified left superior mediastinal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging enabled preoperative diagnosis and guided surgical planning.     

Adrenal tissue characterization with 0.5-T MR imaging: Value of T2*-weighted images

The authors investigated the value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 0.5 T for distinguishing adrenal adenomas from adrenal metastases. The series included 23 adrenal adenomas (18 nonhyperfunctioning, five hyperfunctioning) and 23 adrenal metastases from various organs. Adrenal tumor–liver signal intensity ratios on T1-, T2-, and T2*-weighted images were calculated for adrenal tissue characterization. Adrenal adenomas were more precisely distinguished from adrenal metastases on T2*-weighted images (21 of 23, 91%) than on T2-weighted images (15 of 23, 65%). T1-weighted images were not useful for this distinction. In conclusion, T2*-weighted images were better than routine T2-weighted images for distinguishing adrenal adenomas from adrenal metastases. It can be postulated that the total signal intensity of adrenal adenomas, which contain some fat components, decreased on T2*-weighted images because of an out-of-phase effect.     

MR angiography of congenital heart disease: Value of segmented two-dimensional inflow technique and maximum-intensity-projection display

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the cardiovascular system was evaluated in 41 patients with congenital heart disease by using a two-dimensional (2D) inflow technique based on a magnetization-prepared gradient-echo pulse sequence with segmented k-space data acquisition and electrocardiographic gating at 0.5 T. Inversion and saturation prepulses were used to suppress stationary tissue and enhance intravascular signal. Presaturation slabs were applied where certain vascular structures had to be suppressed. Sequence parameters were optimized by evaluating signal intensity and contrast characteristics for various flip angles and inversion and saturation delay times. The heart and intrathoracic vasculature were encompassed with 40–50 overlapping sections. Both 2D angiograms and maximum-intensity-projection images were evaluated. Combining data sets acquired in the sagittal and transverse orientations provided the most satisfactory information about the pulmonary arteries. The highest signal-to-noise ratios were obtained with a flip angle of 65° and short prepulse delay times. Two-dimensional MR angiography can provide useful diagnostic information but requires a thorough understanding of in-plane and hemodynamically induced signal intensity changes.