The immediate loading of dental implants

The aim of this article is to identify current opportunities for the immediate loading of endosseous dental implants. A biologic basis for the clinical parameters associated with success and failure of immediately loaded implants is presented, and select clinical situations where immediate loading is presently advocated will be illustrated. The wide-ranging applications of the immediate-loading concept for endosseous dental implants will be introduced; however, further experimental validation is necessary before incorporating all of these various expedited therapeutic approaches into practice.     

The surgical complications of dental implants

Replacing missing teeth with osseointegrated dental implants is a predictable technique as evidenced by the overall five-year implant survival rates ranging 93% to 97%. Few studies, however, address systematically the frequency or natural history of complications related to the use of dental implants. Reported complication rates range so widely, i.e. 1%-40%, as to be rendered clinically meaningless. Differences in reported rates may be attributable to differing definitions of complications. Even less has been written about risk factors for developing surgical complications related to the use of dental implants. Knowledge regarding the type and frequency of complications that can occur with implants is an important aspect of treatment planning, surgeon-patient communication, informed consent and post-treatment care. The purposes of this chapter are to: 1) summarize the reported types and frequencies of implant-associated complications, 2) identify risk factors for developing complications associated with the use of dental implants, and 3) to suggest strategies to avoid complications.     

Osseointegrated dental implants

Endosseous implants of commercially pure titanium have been demonstrated to give success rates of more than 90 per cent over 10 years of follow-up. This high level of clinical function depends on an implant direct anchorage in bone without any interposed soft tissue layers and on a reaction-free soft tissue surrounding the abutments. Provided a correct protocol is followed, such osseointegrated dental implants may be looked upon as a routine procedure in the treatment of edentulousness.     

种植义齿的骨感知现象及研究

一、种植体骨感知理论的提出及涵义Brfinemark在1965年提出了骨结合（osseointegration）的概念，从而开启了骨结合理论研究和现代种植学的大门，牙种植技术如今已经被广泛开展。上世纪九十年代。骨结合理论开始被用于截肢后的假肢修复，发现种植体假肢患者具有很好的肢体运动控制能力、本体感觉和反馈，这引起了研究者关注。拇指切除采用种植支持义指修复的患者，其触觉辨别能力达到了正常拇指触觉能力的80％，这提示一定有某种特殊的感觉传导机制存在。     

螺旋型牙种植体下颌磨牙区种植的尝试

目的：针对下牙槽神经的特殊解剖特点探讨下颌磨区种植义齿方法。方法：根据缺牙后下颌磨牙区颌骨的不骨吸收程度,分别采取直接种植,跨越下颌管种植和解剖游离下牙槽神经血管束种植的3种方法,1992－1998年共完成22例,45颗种植体,平均随访时间为3．7年。结果：除2颗种植体分别于术后3个月和修复后1．5年脱落失败外,其余43颗种植体均呈骨结合,且骨吸收不明显、义齿功能良好,种植体5年累积成功率为96％,结论：3种种植方法基本解决了临床中下颌磨牙区种植的大部分问题,但应特别注意选择选择适应证。     

The use of dental implants in comprehensive therapy

The replacement of missing teeth in partially or fully edentulous patients conventionally involved fixed or removable, partial or full prostheses supported by either natural teeth, soft tissues, or both. Prosthetic reconstructions were often limited by the number or distribution of abutment teeth, the morphology of the alveolar ridges, the periodontal health, or the remaining hard tissue structures of the abutment teeth. The possibility of adding abutments by inserting oral implants has, therefore, been a treatment approach desired for a long time by practitioners. However, it was not until recently that sufficient long-term success rates with implants could be reported. This review is limited to the new generation of implants that heal by osseointegration.     

人工种植牙临床应用的观察

采用不同类型的牙种植体对１３５例患者了实施了２０４颗人工种植牙修复,取得了满意的效果。并对种植成功与失败的因素进行了探讨,认为种植牙修复能否取得长期成功关键在于种植材料的生物相容性和生物力学适应性能,病例选择,术前准备,手术设计,种植体的选择和种植牙的修复方式。     

Saliva and dental implants

This is a review and update of the: (1) interaction of dental implants with the environment, and (2) effects of salivary contamination on the load of implant prostheses.     

Rationale for dental implants

The clinical replacement of lost natural teeth by osseointegrated implants has represented one of the most significant advances in restorative dentistry. Two decades ago, a majority of dentists were sceptical about implants and rejected them entirely. Today it is rare to find a practitioner who does not work with dental implants or who is not actively participating in one of the many seminars or courses offered by universities, professional societies and implant manufacturers.     

Tobacco and dental implants

Dental implants are the ideal standard of care for many oral health care providers. Tobacco use is an impediment to the success of this sophisticated procedure. Dentists who are trained to help their patients stop using tobacco are in position to improve their success rates with dental implants. A suggested protocol for tobacco cessation in the implant practice, if utilized, could raise the standard of health care in the dental office.