老年高血压患者脉压与心率变异性关系研究

目的 探讨老年高血压患者脉压与心率变异性关系.方法 选择老年高血压宽脉压组70例,老年高血压正常脉压组61例和正常血压脉压正常组40例,比较3组心率变异性时域和域频参数数值.结果 (1)高血压宽脉压组与高血压正常脉压组比较,每5min窦性R-标准差平均值(SDNNI)、全部窦性R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、全部相邻窦性R-R间差值均方根(rMSSD)、每5min窦性R期平均值标准差(SDANN)圴降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)高血压正常脉压组与正常血压脉压正常组比较,SDNNI、SDNN、rMSSD、SDANN均增高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 老年高血压宽脉压患者心脏自主神经调节功能明显紊乱,高血压患者宽脉压与心脏自主神经功能的调节失调有关,高血压脉压正常组自主神经功能也有损害但较小.     

心得安改善短效钙拮抗剂心痛定心率变异性的研究

探讨β受体阻滞剂心得安是否可以改善短效钙拮抗剂心痛定的心率变异性(HRV)。将101例观察对象随机分为对照组(只使用心痛定,n=49)和试验组(使用心痛定和心得安,n=52),分别在服药前及服药后7～10天做24h动态心电图检测,分析HRV指标:正常RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、每5min平均RR间期的标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR之差的均方根(RMSSD)、相邻RR之差>50ms占总窦性心搏的百分数(PNN50)、低频(LF)、高频(HF)、低频和高频比值(LF/HF)。结果:对照组在治疗后心率(HR)加快,SDNN、SDANN显著降低(分别为105.2±31.8msvs126.9±32.0ms、98.9±20.1msvs107.9±19.8ms,P均<0.05),LF、LF/HF升高(分别229.3±77.1Hzvs196.1±64.8Hz、5.4±1.9vs3.8±1.8,P均<0.05),HRV降低;而试验组在治疗后心率无明显改变,SDNN、SDANN、LF、HF升高(分别为140.1±29.8msvs129.1±31.9ms、127.8±21.1msvs108.2±20.1ms、209.8±70.1Hzvs197.3±65.1Hz、148.5±48.8Hzvs123.5±41.0Hz,P均<0.05),LF/HF降低(P<0.05),治疗组HRV升高。结论:心得安能改善短效钙拮抗剂心痛定的HRV。     

肝阳上亢型高血压与心率变异性相关性分析

目的分析肝阳上亢型高血压与心率变异性的相关性。方法选择2010—2012年在我院门诊诊治的肝阳上亢型高血压患者28例作为研究组,选择同期健康人群28例作为对照组,检测两组受检者的心率变异性指标。结果研究组窦性R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、24h连续5min正常R-R间期的标准差(SDANN)、正常R-R间期之差≥50ms的心搏所占百分比(PNN50)及高频功率(HF),低于对照组,低频功率(LF)和LF/HF高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肝阳上亢型高血压患者心率变异性降低与自主神经功能紊乱相关。     

年龄及血压水平对老年原发性高血压患者心率变异性及心率震荡的影响

目的探讨年龄及血压对老年原发性高血压患者心率变异性及心率震荡的影响。方法于2010年5月至2013年8月自健康体检中心入选610例受试者。根据年龄及血压水平,受试者被分为≥60岁高血压组155例、≥60岁正常血压组142例、60岁高血压组162例及60岁正常血压组151例。高血压诊断标准依据《中国高血压防治指南2010》。采用Century 3000 Holter分析系统对所有受试者均进行24 h心电监测并分析心率变异参数及心率震荡参数。结果与其他3组比较,24 h连续正常RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、24 h内每5 min的节段性RR间期标准差的平均数(SDANN)、相邻正常心动周期差值均方的平方根(r MSSD)、相邻心动周期差50 ms的次数占总心跳次数的百分比(p NN50)、极低频成分(VLF)、低频成分(LF)、高频成分(HF)及震荡斜率(TS)明显降低,低频/高频比值(LF/HF)及震荡初始(TO)明显增高(P0.05)。60岁正常血压组SDNN、SDANN、r MSSD、p NN50、VLF、LF、HF及TS明显高于、LF/HF及TO明显低于≥60岁正常血压组及60岁高血压组(P0.05)。年龄及血压水平分别对心率变异的频域、时域参数及心率震荡参数均有显著影响(P均0.05)。析因分析显示,年龄与血压水平对SDNN、SDANN、r MSSD、VLF、LF、HF、LF/HF、TO及TS的影响有协同作用(P均0.05)。结论年龄及血压对老年原发性高血压患者心率变异性及心率震荡变化具有协同效应。     

肝硬化患者心率变异性改变的临床意义

目的探讨肝硬化患者的自主神经功能。方法对60例肝硬化组和60例正常组进行心率变异性时域分析。结果肝硬化组与正常组比较,SDNN(76.26±33.73,146.97±27.68ms)、SDANN(66.32±26.73,123.51±34.77ms)、rMSSD(15.94±7.59,35.05±15.65ms)、PNN50(1.63%±3.08%,10.38%±7.32%)显著降低(P<0.01)。结论肝硬化患者病变程度越重,心率变异性降低越明显。     

原发性高血压合并心力衰竭患者血压昼夜节律变化及心率变异性分析

目的观察原发性高血压合并心力衰竭患者血压昼夜节律及心率变异性的变化。方法收集资料齐全的原发性高血压合并心力衰竭患者68例及原发性高血压心功能正常患者73例,采用12导联动态心电图分析系统检测24小时内全部窦性R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、相邻两正常窦性R-R间期均值的差值大于50ms的心搏数所占百分比(PNN50)、24小时内每5分钟节段窦性R-R间期均值的标准差(SDANN)、24小时内每5分钟节段窦性R-R间期标准差的均值(SDNNI);采用无创性动态血压记录仪观察24小时平均收缩压(24hSBP)、24小时平均舒张压(24hDBP)、白昼平均收缩压(dSBP)、白昼平均舒张压(dDBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)、夜间平均舒张压(nDBP)。结果高血压心功能正常组nDBP下降较心力衰竭组明显,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);非勺型血压发生率心功能正常组为54.79%,心力衰竭组为79.41%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高血压合并心力衰竭组SDNN、SDNNI、SDANN、PNN50明显下降,与心功能正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论原发性高血压合并心力衰竭患者较心功能正常患者心率变异性、血压昼夜节律变化程度均明显下降,自主神经功能损害可能起着重要作用。     

高血压脑卒中患者心率变异性与心率减速力的变化分析

目的通过对高血压脑卒中患者心率减速力(DC)、心率变异性(HRV)相关指标的分析,探讨上述检查在评估自主神经功能方面的作用。方法连续选取2014年5月—2015年5月在我院进行诊治的50例单纯高血压病患者作为A组;77例高血压脑卒中患者作为B组;同时,选取同期门诊体检的51名健康者作为对照组。所有入选者进行24 h动态心电图检查,检测DC、HRV相关指标,包括时域指标:RR总体标准差(SDNN)、24 h每5 min RR间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、差值均方根值(r MSSD)、相邻RR间期差值50 ms的百分数(PNN50),频域指标:低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)及两者比值(LF/HF)。结果 A组与对照组比较,除LF/HF外其他各项指标差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);B组与对照组比较,DC与HRV指标差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),A组与B组比较,DC、SDNN、SDANN、LF/HF差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其他指标差异无统计学意义。Pearson相关分析发现,高血压脑卒中患者DC与SDNN、r MSSD、PNN50之间呈正相关性(r值分别为0.572、0.663、0.764,P0.05)。结论高血压合并脑卒中患者心率减速力与心率变异性呈正相关性,进行DC、HRV的检测可以有效地评价高血压脑卒中患者的自主神经受损情况。     

冠心病患者心率变异性特点分析

目的了解冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者心率变异性(HRV)特点。方法入选156例冠心病患者及128例正常体检人员,进行24小时动态心电图监测。冠心病组通过彩色多普勒超声显像仪测量心功能(LVEF)并分组为射血分数正常组(LVEF≥50%)和射血分数下降组(LVEF50%),同时对冠心病组进行不同年龄段的分组,计算各组的心率变异性参数:NN间期标准差(SDNN)、NN间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、相邻NN间期差的均方根(RMSSD)、相邻NN间期的差值超过50 ms的心搏数占NN间期总心搏数的百分比(pNN50)、5分钟总功率(TP)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF),通过组间比较分析,分析比较各组间HRV参数的特点。结果与正常对照组比较,冠心病组患者SDNN(96.2±28.8 ms vs.138.1±27.7 ms)、SDANN(79.4±27.1 ms vs.130.4±28.2ms)、RMSSD(24.3±9.8 ms vs.31.2±9.3 ms)、pNN50(8.5±3.2 ms vs.12.3±3.9 ms)及HF(233.6±95.5 ms2 vs.292.3±100.2 ms2)均明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。冠心病患者中,射血分数下降组患者SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、pNN50、TP、HF均较射血分数正常组患者降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),在不同年龄段冠心病组间SDNN、TP以及RMSSD、pNN50、LF、HF水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);35～45岁组SDANN高于55～65岁组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论冠心病患者心率变异性降低,射血分数下降会进一步加重自主神经的损害。     

连续气道正压通气对男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者自主神经调制的影响

目的 探讨连续气道正压通气(CPAP)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者自主神经调制的影响.方法 选择OSAHS患者60例和对照组25例,对所有受试者进行多导睡眠图及动态心电图监测,采用时域分析法分析患者心率变异性以评价自主神经调制功能.对OSAHS患者使用CPAP治疗3个月后再次评估自主神经调制功能.结果 与对照组相比,OSAHS组自主神经调制功能指标正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)、RR间期差值均方根(rMSSD)、每5分钟节段平均正常RR间期标准差(SDANN)和高频功率(HF)均低于对照组,且与呼吸紊乱指数呈负相关;低频功率(LF)和低频与高频之比(LF/HF)高于对照组,与呼吸紊乱指数呈正相关.LF/HF值与呼吸紊乱指数和最低血氧饱和度呈线性回归关系.结论 OSAHS患者存在自主神经调制功能损害,与呼吸紊乱指数和低氧有关;经CPAP治疗后,OSAHS患者自主神经调制功能损害明显改善,且对CPAP耐受良好.     

左房线性消融治疗阵发性心房颤动对心率变异性的影响

目的通过观察左房线性消融术治疗阵发性心房颤动(简称房颤)术后心率变异性(HRV)的变化来评价其对自主神经系统的影响。方法对25例行射频消融术的阵发性房颤患者,术前及术后第3天行24h动态心电图检查,分别测定最大心率,最小心率,平均心率;时域指标:RR间期标准差(SDNN),RR间期平均值的标准差(SDANN),相邻RR间期差的均方根(RMMSD),相邻RR间期差值超过50ms的RR间期所占百分数(PNN50);频域指标:低频功率(LF),高频功率(HF),低频高频比值(LF/HF)。结果患者术前最大心率,最小心率,平均心率,SDNN,SDANN,RMSSD,PNN50,LF,HF,LF/HF分别为151±41次/分,47±5次/分,70±9次/分,126±26ms,111±24ms,27±7ms,6±5ms,98±66ms2,86±119ms2,2.4±3.5;术后各指标分别为136±37次/分,66±8次/分,84±9次/分,57±17ms,53±17ms,16±7ms,2±3ms,18±19ms2,16±19ms2,1.2±1.6;手术前后各指标相比,差异有显著性(P均<0.05)。结论左房线性消融术后HRV降低,此可能是射频消融治疗房颤的机制之一。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.