听障儿童下颌构音运动异常矫治个案研究

目的探讨听障儿童下颌构音运动异常康复训练的有效方法。方法对1名下颌构音运动异常的听障患儿进行下颌口部运动与下颌构音运动训练,结合促进治疗法和重读治疗法对其进行综合康复训练。采用主观分级评估的方法监控患儿口部运动功能的康复效果;采用单一被试研究法观察分析个案训练前后／i／、／e／的第一共振峰（F1）,监控下颌上位、半开位的构音运动能力的康复效果;观察分析／ie／的语谱图变化,监控下颌上位至半开位构音转换能力的康复效果。结果训练前后下颌运动分级明显提高;／i／的F1差异极其显著（P〈0．01）;／e／的F1无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论下颌口部运动训练、下颌构音运动训练与促进治疗法、重读训练综合运用对改善听障儿童的下颌构音运动异常有较好的康复效果。     

听障患者舌面音构音障碍的原因及矫治对策

目的探讨听障患者舌面音构音障碍的原因及矫治对策。方法 分析造成听障患者舌面音构音障碍的常见原因，并为其制订有针对性的矫治对策。结果从听、说和口部运动三方面分析造成听障患者舌面音构音障碍的原因，据此制订的矫治策略是有针对性的。结论要想恰当地处理听障患者舌面音构音障碍的问题，治疗师必须认真分析造成该问题的原因，并采取一些有针对性的矫治措施进行治疗。只有这样，才能科学、有效地解决听障患者舌面音构音障碍的问题。     

听障儿童舌后部上抬构音运动障碍个案研究

目的：探讨舌后部上抬构音运动障碍的原因、治疗策略及效果。方法采用单一被试单基线A-B实验设计,对1例舌后部上抬构音运动障碍的听障儿童进行评估和训练。结果该儿童舌后部上抬的口部运动功能、构音运动功能得分在训练前后有显著性变化。结论综合运用下颌放松训练、漱口法和舌后部上抬构音运动训练对治疗听障儿童舌后部上抬构音运动障碍有显著效果。     

听障儿童声母音位对听说对比特征研究

目的 本研究以音位对为载体,从听说两方面探讨听障儿童的听觉识别和构音语音特征,从而为听障儿童声母构音语音异常矫治提供指导.方法 对60名听障儿童声母音位对的听觉识别能力与构音语音能力进行分析,分别从听、说和听说对比3个维度对汉语普通话中的9项23对声母音位对的听觉识别和构音语音得分进行统计比较.结果 [1]9项声母音位对在听和说两方面难度分布相似,塞音与鼻音音位对、送气塞音与不送气塞音音位对的难度都较低,舌尖前音和舌尖后音音位对的难度较高;[2]23对声母音位对的听觉识别难度低于构音语音难度,被试的听觉识别平均分高于构音语音平均分;[3]听障儿童的听觉识别平均分和构音语音平均分具有显著的正相关,听觉识别能力越高,构音语音能力也相对较高.结论 听障儿童的构音语音能力落后于听觉识别能力.对听障儿童进行构音语音异常矫治时,要充分利用其听觉辨识能力,进行听说对比训练,用听带动说,以增强其构音语音康复训练的效果,提高言语听觉能力.     

听障儿童错发／f／音分析及治疗对策

目的分析听障儿童发／f／音的构音错误走向,探讨针对性的治疗策略。方法通过分析64名听障儿童／f／音的发音情况,总结其错误走向及声学表现,对其错误走向的成因进行临床分析;在此基础上,建立针对性的治疗策略。结果听障儿童发／f／音的正确率仅为48．44％,错误发音中以替代为主,／f／发成／b／（60．71％）或／w／（21．43％）是最为常见的错误走向,通过对错误走向的细致分析,建立了针对性的治疗策略。结论要想科学,有效地解决听障儿童／f／音的构音问题,治疗师必须在细致分析错误走向的基础上,建立针对性的治疗策略。     

3～5岁儿童不同发音部位塞音的听觉识别研究

目的考察健听儿童不同发音部位塞音的听觉识别能力，探究其影响因素以及发展特点。方法抽取88名3～5岁儿童，采用最小音位对比法研究他们b／d、b／g、d／g、p／t、p／k、t／k6对塞音音位对的听觉识别能力。结果儿童塞音的听觉识别能力受年龄、送气方式和发音部位三大因素影响；随着年龄增长，儿童6对塞音音位对的听觉识别能力均表现出不同程度的发展；不送气塞音的发展明显好于送气塞音的发展；不送气塞音中，双唇音／舌根音的发展明显好于舌尖音／舌根音；送气塞音中，双唇音／舌根音的发展明显好于双唇音／舌尖音。结论3～5岁是健听儿童塞音听觉识别能力的高速发展期，在听觉康复实践中应把握关键期，参照b／g_b／d—d／g—p／k—t／k—p／t的顺序对听障儿童进行塞音听觉识别能力的训练。     

感觉统合训练结合口部运动治疗儿童构音障碍的疗效探析

目的 观察对儿童构音障碍实施感觉统合训练+口部运动治疗的效果，进而为此类患儿治疗提供指导。方法 选择本院耳鼻喉科诊疗的74例儿童构音障碍患儿为研究主体，按照奇偶法实施分组，对照组中37例患儿仅实施口部运动治疗，研究组中37例患儿接受感觉统合训练+口部运动，持续干预3个月后对比各组治疗效果、口部运动、相关指标（构音清晰度、感觉统合功能），控制研究时间段为2020年6月-2021年6月。结果比较各组观察指标发现，研究组临床总有有效率明显高于对照组，各项口部运动功能评分均显著高于对照组，构音清晰度评分、感觉统合功能评分明显高于对照组，差异均存在意义，P<0.05。结论 在儿童构音障碍治疗中应用感觉统合训练+口部运动具有显著效果，可促改善构音障碍情况，可促进口部运动功能与感觉统合功能提高，具有理想的治疗价值，可推广。     

4～6岁极重度听障儿童声母构音障碍研究

目的：通过对4～6岁极重度听障儿童构音情况的研究,分析其言语清晰度及易出现的错误,为开展听障儿童听觉言语训练提供一定依据。方法随机选取平均年龄为5岁、配戴助听器的极重度听障儿童71名,选用孙喜斌等主编的听觉评估及学习中的材料进行声母构音测试。结果①各声母清晰度变化较大,从几乎不能识别到完全识别。清晰度较高的声母为/b/、/m/、/l/、/d/,清晰度较低的声母为/s/、/c/、/z/、/sh/、/x/;②4～6岁极重度听障儿童不同发音部位声母的发音从易到难依次为：双唇音-舌尖中音-唇齿音-舌尖后音和舌面音-舌根音和舌尖前音;③4～6岁极重度听障儿童不同发音方式声母的发音从易到难依次为：边音-鼻音-不送气塞音和送气塞音-不送气塞擦音-擦音-送气塞擦音;④4～6岁极重度听障儿童声母构音错误中替代错误最多,其次是省略错误。结论声母构音按发音部位和发音方法不同有其内在规律性,对构音障碍的听障儿童实施有针对性的康复训练,能够提高康复效率,使听障儿童获得更好的言语交流能力。     

两例不同语系构音障碍儿童辅音错误特征的比较及治疗建议

目的比较两例不同语系构音障碍儿童的辅音错误特征，探讨相应的治疗策略。方法以两例不同语系构音障碍儿童为研究对象，评估并比较两例患者辅音的错误特征。结果在发音部位、发音方式、送气与不送气，清辅音与浊辅音和辅音音位的分布5个方面，两例患儿的辅音发音的错误特征存在差异。结论对不同语系构音障碍儿童进行治疗时，必须根据不同的辅音错误特征，选用相应的治疗方法。     

听障儿童语音清晰度训练的实践研究

目的 验证以音位构音为主线的语音清晰度训练方案的有效性,为听障儿童言语康复训练提供参考.方法 对12名3岁6个月～4岁6个月的听障儿童进行为期7个月的针对性训练,采用<听觉语言评估>中的相关测试方法,在训练前、后分别对这12名儿童进行语音清晰度评估,比较前后两次评估的结果.结果 经过康复训练,听障儿童的语音清晰度总体水平有显著提高.结论 本研究设计的语音清晰度训练方案是有效的.     

舌根音构音障碍的个案研究

目的：设计并实施针对舌根音构音障碍患者的训练方案,为康复实践提供参考。方法采用汉语构音能力测验词表等对1名5岁4个月的构音障碍儿童进行构音能力主观评估,依据评估结果制订针对性训练方案,训练1个月后再次开展对应评估,对比评估结果。结果训练后,该儿童舌根能自主上抬,舌根音/g/、/k/、/h/均习得。结论本研究制订的舌根音构音训练方案是有效的。     

唇运动障碍评估与治疗的个案研究

目的 通过对圆唇运动障碍儿童进行评估和矫治,探讨康复过程中的评估方法及针对性治疗策略,以供临床唇部运动障碍治疗时参考.方法 采用单一被试单基线A-B实验设计,对1例圆展唇运动障碍患者进行主观评估和针对性治疗,并对治疗效果进行跟踪评估.结果 该患者圆唇运动、圆展唇交替运动治疗前后得分有显著性变化.结论 唇运动治疗、唇构音运动训练与唇重读训练相结合,是治疗唇运动障碍正确而有效的途径.     

A 28-year follow-up of adults with a history of moderate phonological disorder: linguistic and personality results.

The present investigation is a follow-up to a longitudinal speech and academic study involving approximately 400 normally developing children begun in 1960 by Mildred Templin. From this large data base, the present project invited the participation of two groups of subjects (now aged 32 to 34): (a) 24 adults with a documented history of moderately severe phonological disorder that persisted at least through the end of first grade (probands) and (b) 28 adults from the same birth cohort and schools who were known to have had at least average articulation skills over the same period (controls). Results of follow-up testing revealed that the proband adults performed significantly more poorly than the control adults on all of the administered measures of articulation, expressive language, and receptive language. Results obtained from a screening of nonverbal reasoning ability were equivocal. On a questionnaire measure of personality, both groups scored well within the normal range for the dimensions of extroversion and neuroticism when compared to the test's normative sample. These results have been interpreted as suggesting that although many adults with a childhood history of delayed phonological development will continue to experience linguistic outcomes that are less favorable than those of controls, their performance in selected nonlanguage domains (e.g., nonverbal reasoning, personality) will be far more typical of the general population.     

塞音构音障碍个案研究

本研究通过对一例塞音构音障碍患者进行干预,采用单一被试基线A-B实验设计和A—B—A实验设计,进行了塞音／t／与／k／的评估和治疗,并跟踪评估其治疗效果,旨在为塞音构音障碍患者建立一套系统、科学的治疗方案,为治疗师提供有效的治疗手段。研究结果表明,治疗后患者／t／、／k／的发音正确率有显著性提高：患者《塞音构音语音评估表》的主观评估得分有显著性提高,从而证实了塞音构音语音治疗方法是科学有效的,在临床上具有显著性效果,为研究者后续的研究指明了方向。     

Feature characteristics of spontaneous speech production in young deaf children

Sixty-five 6-yr-old deaf children from state supported schools were given an adaptation of the Goldman Fristoe test of articulation to assess their spontaneous speech production. Responses were measured in terms of features of manner, place, voice visibility, position, and error type and compared to imitative samples. A rank order of difficulty for each phoneme, error type, and word position is presented. Results show that of the phonemes, low back vowels, diphthongs, laterals, and voiced consonants were more easily produced. A relationship could be found between fundamental frequency, formant frequency, intensity, and phoneme production, suggesting that these variables and features may be providing the governance underlying the phonological rules in the development of speech in the deaf. Suggestions for training are given.     

Assessment of information processing in children with functional articulation disorders

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the information processing skills in children who have functional articulation disorder by using a cognitive-linguistic test battery. MATERIAL-METHODS: Thirty-three children with functional articulation disorder were enrolled in this study. They ranged in age from 6 to 10 years. A control group without articulation disorders was composed of 160 children with similar properties. In the first stage of this study, both groups were administered the Ross Information Processing Assessment Test-Primary. In this test, the scores obtained from eight subtests; namely immediate memory, recent memory, recall of general information, spatial orientation, temporal orientation, organization, problem solving and abstract reasoning, was calculated for both groups. The scores of the eight subtests are combined to form the four composites. These composites are memory quotient, orientation quotient, thinking and reasoning quotient and information processing quotient. Information processing quotient is the best and the most comprehensive estimate of a child's overall information processing ability. In the second stage of the study the articulation-disordered group was divided into two subgroups according the number of the mistakes, which was done at the level of the phoneme. The scores obtained from both subgroups were compared with the scores of the control group. RESULTS: The overall statistical analysis of the scores revealed that; the study group had significantly lower scores than the control group from memory quotient, thinking and reasoning quotient and information processing quotient. When compared to control group, the subgroup who cannot pronounce one phoneme had similar scores from all four composites. Moreover, the children who cannot pronounce multiple phonemes had significantly lower scores from memory quotient, thinking and reasoning quotient and information processing quotient. The results obtained from this study seem to be suggesting that information processing skills of children with functional articulation disorder are significantly low as compared to normal children. CONCLUSIONS: These results are revealing that the information processing skills of children with functional articulation disorder should be investigated in a detailed manner. According to the results obtained from this investigation these children should be put on deficit oriented education programs in addition to articulation therapy.     

早产儿语言评价及干预训练疗效观察

目的探讨语言干预训练对早产儿语言障碍的影响。方法将101例因早产致语言障碍的患儿分为语言发育迟缓．功能性构音障碍．自闭症伴语言发育迟缓和器质性构音障碍4类，对其实施语言干预治疗，定期进行语言评定。采用SPSS11．0软件进行数据整理，X^2检验进行数据统计。结果 语言障碍通过系统治疗后的效果较好。经检验，早产儿语言障碍治疗前后的差异具有显著的意义（P〈0．05）。功能性构音障碍治疗效果最好，显效率为93．75％；语言发育迟缓治疗效果介于功能性构音障碍和自闭症伴语言发育迟缓两者之间，显效率为68．42％；自闭症伴语言发育迟缓治疗效果相对较差，显效率为37．5％。结论语言干预治疗可促进语言障碍早产儿语言发育，并促进其认知及社交能力的发展，提高患儿生活质量，减少家庭与社会负担。