Characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in pseudophakic and phakic eyes

AimsTo investigate whether pseudophakic and phakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) patterns differ.MethodsRetrospective review of electronic database of patients, aged 50 years or over, presenting to our vitreoretinal service. Data included baseline characteristics, digital drawings, and outcomes. Retinal drawings were analysed in a masked fashion for site, size, and number of retinal breaks. Comparisons were made between the following groups and subgroups: pseudophakic eyes, phakic eyes, phakic eyes with cataract, and phakic eyes without cataract.ResultsOf 500 eyes included, 146 were pseudophakic; 177 of the phakic eyes had cataract. The following were significant by univariate analysis: pseudophakic patients were older than phakic patients in general, but the same age as patients with cataract; in the pseudophakic group, there were lower proportions of females and of patients presenting with vitreous haemorrhage or with large or superotemporal breaks; higher proportions of pseudophakic eyes had small breaks and inferonasal breaks. Some differences remained significant when comparing pseudophakia eyes with cataract. Multivariate analysis comparing pseudophakia with phakia confirmed a lower chance in pseudophakia of large breaks, vitreous haemorrhage and superotemporal breaks, but higher chance of detached inferior breaks. Some variables were age dependent.ConclusionDifferences were found between pseudophakic and phakic RRD patterns. These suggest special pathogenetic mechanisms in pseudophakic retinal detachment, which could help explain increased incidences of RRD after cataract surgery.     

Primary retinal reattachment surgery: anatomical and functional outcome in phakic and pseudophakic eyes

AIM: To compare the anatomical and functional success of primary scleral buckling, performed either alone or in combination with vitrectomy, for primary retinal detachment (RD) in phakic eyes and in eyes had undergone uneventful phacoemulsification and had received posterior chamber lens implantations. METHODS: A total of 243 consecutive patients were included in this retrospective, nonrandomized comparative study. In all, 165 phakic and 78 pseudophakic individuals with primary RD underwent scleral buckling alone or in combination with vitrectomy and were followed up for 6 months. Pre-, intra- and postoperative findings including anatomical success, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), complications, and the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), macular pucker, or secondary cataracts were recorded. Cases requiring more than one surgical intervention were defined having failed, although further surgical intervention might have led to success. RESULTS: At 6 months after scleral buckling alone, the anatomical success was similar in phakic (88.98%) and pseudophakic (87.65%) eyes (log rank=0.310). The corresponding results after scleral buckling with vitrectomy were 82.13 and 77.63% for phakic and pseudophakic eyes, respectively (log rank=0.799). At 6 months after scleral buckling alone, BCVA was similar in phakic and pseudophakic eyes (0.62+/-0.30 vs 0.70+/-0.29; P=0.227). Likewise, after scleral buckling with vitrectomy, BCVA did not differ significantly (P=0.322) between phakic (0.34+/-0.32) and pseudophakic eyes (0.50+/-0.27). CONCLUSION: The anatomical and functional outcome of primary retinal reattachment surgery, involving scleral buckling alone or in combination with vitrectomy, is similar in phakic and pseudophakic eyes.     

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the fellow phakic eyes of patients with pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To determine the risk and clinical characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) in the fellow phakic eyes of patients with a pseudophakic retinal detachment (PPRD) in one eye. METHODS: The authors conducted a computer-generated chart review to find 64 consecutive patients with a PPRD in one eye and were phakic in the fellow eye. The clinical information was collected on all patients to investigate the risk and clinical characteristics of RD in the fellow eyes while still phakic. Information was also obtained on the fellow eyes that underwent cataract surgery and developed a PPRD. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients with a PPRD in one eye were phakic in the fellow eye. During an average follow-up of 57.4 months, five (7.8%) fellow eyes developed retinal detachment while still phakic. In addition to the five eyes with a phakic RD, 10 originally phakic fellow eyes underwent cataract surgery. Of these, one (10%) suffered an RD. CONCLUSION: Fellow eyes of patients with a PPRD have a significant risk of RD even if they do not undergo cataract surgery.     

Analysis of risk factors for the outcome of primary retinal reattachment surgery in phakic and pseudophakic eyes

BACKGROUND: To compare the preoperative risk profiles of phakic and pseudophakic eyes with primary retinal detachment and to assess their impact on the outcome of primary reattachment surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 220 consecutive patients with primary retinal detachment, 165 phakic and 55 pseudophakic eyes were operated with scleral buckling alone or additional vitrectomy and followed up for 6 months. Pre-, intra- and postoperative risk factors were recorded and their impact on anatomical outcome after primary surgery in phakic and pseudophakic eyes was then compared in a multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: The cumulative probability of anatomical success 6 months after surgery was similar in phakic (88.5 %) and pseudophakic eyes (86.3 %; log rank = 0.340). The most important risk factor for a different surgical outcome between phakic and pseudophakic eyes was the size of retinal detachment (p = 0.035). In phakic eyes the size of retinal detachment had no significant impact on surgical outcome (1 vs. 4 quadrants; log rank = 0.135); whereas in pseudophakic eyes a significant impairment on surgical outcome was found (1 vs. 4 quadrants; log rank < 0.001). The relative risk for failure of primary surgery due to retinal detachment of at least 3 quadrants was in phakic eyes 1.22 (CI: 0.71 - 1.70), in pseudophakic ones 1.81 (CI: 0.88 - 2.59). CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of primary retinal reattachment surgery in phakic and pseudophakic eyes is similar for retinal detachments up to 3 quadrants. In retinal detachments of more than 9 clock times, the size of retinal detachment impairs the surgical outcome in pseudophakic eyes more than in phakic ones. The combination of extraocular surgery with vitrectomy in pseudophakic eyes with retinal detachment of more than 9 clock times contributes to a better outcome.     

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after neodymium-YAG laser capsulotomy in phakic and pseudophakic eyes

A retrospective study of 18 eyes in 17 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments after neodymium-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was performed to determine operative settings and to describe anatomic changes after the procedure in an effort to assess their relationship to subsequent retinal detachment. The laser energy required to create a capsulotomy did not appear to be excessive and the capsulotomy openings were not unusually large. The time between YAG capsulotomy and diagnosis of retinal detachment ranged from four to 82 weeks (mean, 28 weeks). The characteristics of the retinal detachments were similar to those after routine cataract extraction. Retinal reattachment surgery was ultimately successful in all 18 eyes. Both YAG laser and knife-needle posterior capsulotomies may increase the risk of subsequent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment as a result of opening the capsule.     

玻璃体切割术后原晶状体眼和人工晶状体眼屈光的长期变化

目的探讨玻璃体切割术后原晶状体眼和人工晶状体眼屈光的长期变化及临床意义。方法对34例（其中21只眼为原晶状体,13只眼为晶状体摘除及人工晶状体植入术后）玻璃体切割术后的屈光变化经过术后1年的随访观察。结果经过随访观察,原晶状体眼明显近视化改变,其中6只眼因白内障进行性发展而于玻璃体切割术后一年进行了白内障手术;然而人工晶状体眼却没有明显的屈光变化。结论由于玻璃体切割术后很容易发生白内障及近视,可在玻璃体切割术同时做晶状体摘除及人工晶状体植入术。     

Implantation of verisyse phakic intraocular lens to correct myopic refractive error after penetrating keratoplasty in pseudophakic eyes

PURPOSE: We report 2 cases in which a Verisyse phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) was used to successfully treat high myopia after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in pseudophakic patients. METHODS: Case 1 involved a 69-year-old pseudophakic man with a manifest refraction (MR) of -6.50 + 1.75 x 048 and a best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of 20/40 approximately 16 months after PK in the right eye. Case 2 was a 78-year-old pseudophakic man who had an MR of -9.00 + 5.75 x 132 with a BSCVA of 20/100 approximately 24 months after PK in the left eye. RESULTS: In case 1, 10 months after Verisyse PIOL implantation, the MR was pl +2.00 x 135 with a BSCVA of 20/30. Endothelial cell density (ECD) in this patient decreased from 1926.1 to 815.3 cells/mm over 17 months. In case 2, 24 months after Verisyse PIOL implantation, the MR was -3.25 + 3.50 x 105 with a BSCVA of 20/60. ECD in this patient decreased from 2108.4 to 753.8 cells/mm in 30 months. CONCLUSION: The Verisyse PIOL may provide an alternative method to correct high myopia for anisometropia in pseudophakic patients after PK. In this report, PIOL implantation was associated with a decrease in ECD. Further studies are required to determine the long-term effects and ultimate safety of PIOL placement on the integrity of the cornea endothelium after corneal transplant in pseudophakic patients.     

Functional and anatomic outcome of retinal detachment surgery in pseudophakic eyes

PURPOSE: To determine the long-term anatomic and functional visual outcome of retinal detachment (RD) surgery in pseudophakic eyes after uncomplicated cataract surgery. DESIGN: An interventional, retrospective noncomparative case series PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty-eight consecutive patients who had undergone uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation followed by rhegmatogenous RD between 1990 and 1995. METHODS: One hundred one eligible patients were examined (inclusion ratio, 73%) a median of 4.3 years after last RD surgery. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual fields, retinal status, and patient-rated visual outcome were recorded, the latter by a questionnaire that included self-reported satisfaction, trouble with vision, a modified Cataract Symptom Score, and the VF-14 Visual Functioning Index. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: BCVA, retinal attachment, diameter of visual field, modified Cataract Symptom Score, VF-14 score. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of enrolled and nonenrolled patients were comparable, except that nonenrolled patients were older. When RD developed, 55 eyes had an intact posterior capsule, and 46 had a laser posterior capsulotomy (LCT). The BCVAs before (median, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [-logMAR] 1.2 versus 1.1, Snellen equivalent 0.063 versus 0.08) and after retinal surgery (median, -logMAR 0.46 versus 0.4, Snellen equivalent 0.35 versus 0.4) were comparable for eyes with and without LCT (P = 0.86). The retina was reattached with one procedure in 75 eyes (74%), with two procedures in 98 eyes (97%), and with three to five procedures in all eyes. The retina remained attached long term in 92 eyes (91%). Redetachment rate (9% versus 9%, P = 1.0) and visual field diameters were comparable for eyes with and without LCT. Overall, 80% of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with their binocular vision, and 62% had no or only a little trouble with binocular vision. Visual performance was similar regardless of presence or absence of LCT (median Cataract Symptom Score, 3.0 versus 3.0, P = 0.76; and median VF-14 score, 87.5 versus 87.5, P = 0.81). CONCLUSIONS: Nine in 10 pseudophakic retinal detachments remain attached long term, and 8 in 10 patients are satisfied with their binocular vision after surgery. Even though secondary cataract and posterior capsulotomy can cause problems for the retinal surgeon, the anatomic and functional outcomes of pseudophakic RD are not influenced by capsulotomy.     

Experience with the Artisan phakic intraocular lens in Asian eyes

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of implantation of an iris-claw phakic intraocular lens (PIOL), Artisan Myopia, in Asian eyes. SETTING: Minamiaoyama Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan. METHODS: Forty-four eyes of 32 Japanese patients and 1 Korean patient with high myopia had Artisan Myopia lens implantation to correct their refractive errors. Lens models, 5/8.5 or 6/8.5 (optic diameter/overall diameter), were chosen as standard lens model. A smaller lens model (5/7.5-Artisan Myopia Small) was implanted in eyes with corneal diameter less than 11.0 mm. Postoperative examinations were performed on 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), manifest refraction, corneal endothelial cell counts, intraocular pressure, and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Artisan Myopia Small lenses were implanted in 4 eyes (9.1%) and 8.5 mm diameter lenses were implanted in 40 eyes. Preoperative UCVA (logMAR) improved from 1.57 to 0.09 at 1 month after surgery and no regression was observed thereafter. Postoperative manifest refraction was -1.02 +/- 0.87 D (-3.25 to -0.00 D), and within 1.0 D in 20 eyes (55.6%), within 2.0 D in 32 eyes (88.9%) at 1 month after surgery, and stable during the follow-up period. The final BCVA decreased 2 lines in 2 eyes (4.5%) due to progression of age-related cataract. No serious complications such as angle closure or progressive endothelial cell loss were observed. CONCLUSION: Implantation of an Artisan iris-claw PIOL implantation may be a safe and effective procedure for Asian eyes.     

虹膜夹型有晶状体眼人工晶状体植入术后的调节功能变化

目的 评价虹膜夹型有晶状体眼人工晶状体(IFPIOL)植入治疗高度近视术后患者调节功能的变化,为IFPIOL植入术后患者的生活质量评估提供临床依据.方法 病例对照研究.试验组为IFPIOL植入术治疗高度近视患者12例(23只眼),对照组选择年龄、性别匹配的正视眼11例(22只眼),试验组在术前、术后1个月及术后3个月时检查调节幅度、单眼调节灵活度和双眼正和(或)负相对性调节.对照组也做同样检查.采用随机区组设计定量资料方差分析对试验组手术前后调节功能的数据进行分析;试验组和对照组之间的比较行两独立样本t检验.结果 术后1个月和3个月时调节幅度分别为(8.90 ±2.13)D、(9.10 ±1.72)D,明显高于术前(7.35 ±2.20)D,差异有统计学意义(F=19.88,P<0.01),且术后3个月时与对照组(10.10 ±2.09)D相比,差异无统计学意义(t=-1.76,P=0.09).调节灵活度在术后1个月和3个月时分别为(8.17±2.09)cyc/min、(8.67±1.80)cyc/min,明显高于术前(5.67±1.53)cyc/min(F=64.27,P<0.01),且术后3个月时低于对照组的(14.51 ±3.81)cyc/min,差异有统计学意义(t=-6.29,P<0.01).正相对性调节术后3个月时为(2.45±0.81)D,明显高于术前(1.61±0.80)D(F=6.10,P=0.01),且术后3个月时显著低于对照组(3.89 ±1.49)D(t=-2.83,P=0.01).结论 IFPIOL植入术后患者保留了正常的调节功能,而且有一定程度的提高,并随着时间的推移保持稳定,但与正视眼相比仍有差距,较长期的影响尚有待进一步观察.     

单眼多焦点人工晶状体植入术眼与对侧透明晶状体眼的视功能对照研究

目的 评价不同年龄的单眼白内障患者植入ReSTOR多焦点人工晶状体(MIOL)后的视功能状况及患者的主观满意度.方法 前瞻性对照研究.研究对象为行超声乳化白内障吸除联合ReSTOR MIOL植入的单眼白内障患者24例,按年龄分为2组:老视组,年龄≥45岁,17例;非老视组,年龄＜45岁,7例.研究参数:裸眼及远矫正状态下的远(4 m)、中(80cm,60 cm)、近视力,对比敏感度和问卷调查.统计学方法采用秩和检验.结果 老视组患者ReSTOR MIOL植入眼近视力优于对侧透明晶状体眼(Z=2.864,Z=2.911;=0.004),远视力、中距离视力及对比敏感度与对侧透明晶状体眼相比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=0.183～1.417,P=0.855～0.156);主观满意度为7～10分,70.6%(12/17)的患者满意度9分以上,双眼脱镜率58.8%(10/17).非老视组患者ReSTOR MIOL植入眼近视力及中距离视力均低于对侧透明晶状体眼(Z=2.197～2.371;=0.028～0.018),MIOL植入眼的对比敏感度普遍低于对侧眼,其中夜晚眩光(3 cd/m2+28 Lux)低频(1.5 c/d)对比敏感度,差异有统计学意义(Z=1.997,P=0.046);主观满意度为6～9分,14.3%(1/7)的患者满意度9分以上,双眼脱镜率85.7%(6/7).结论 伴有老视的单眼白内障患者,MIOL植入眼近视力优于对侧透明晶状体眼,远、中距离视力及对比敏感度差异不明显,主观满意度较高,因此较适合植入ReSTORMIOL;不伴有老视的年轻的单眼白内障患者,MIOL植入眼近、中距离视力均低于对侧透明晶状体眼,远视力差异不明显,主观满意度偏低(与老视患者相比较),因此可以植入ReSTOR MIOL,但是术前需要与患者进行更加详细的沟通.     

波前像差技术在人眼和人工晶状体眼研究中的应用

白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术是目前临床治疗白内障的常规手术方式。虽然手术技术、人工晶状体的材料和设计均已明显提高和改进,但术后与视觉相关的问题,如眩光、夜视力差等仍难以避免,影响手术效果。波前像差技术可以帮助揭示术后出现相关视觉问题的原因。本文就近年来波前像差技术在人眼研究中的应用成果进行历史回顾,并就该技术在提高白内障摘除手术疗效方面的作用和研究进展进行综述。     

Outcome of simultaneous phakic implantable contact lens removal with cataract extraction and pseudophakic intraocular lens implantation

PURPOSE: To assess the outcome of simultaneous implantable contact lens (ICL) removal and cataract extraction with pseudophakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. SETTING: CODET Aris Vision Institute, Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS: This retrospective noncomparative interventional case series evaluated 14 eyes of 12 patients with ICL implantations who developed a cataract and simultaneously had ICL removal and cataract extraction with IOL implantation. The follow-up time was at least 6 months (range 6 to 24 months). Visual acuity (logMAR), manifest refraction, intraocular pressure, and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 12 patients (14 eyes), 10 patients (12 eyes) had ICL surgery to correct high myopia and 2 patients (2 eyes), to correct hyperopia. The mean uncorrected visual acuity after ICL implantation (before cataract development), before cataract surgery, and after cataract surgery were 0.48 +/- 0.32, 0.83 +/- 0.34, and 0.40 +/- 0.27, respectively. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before ICL implantation, after ICL implantation, and after cataract surgery were 0.31 +/- 0.21, 0.28 +/- 0.19, and 0.27 +/- 0.21, respectively. The mean final manifest spherical equivalent was 0.30 diopters (D) +/- 1.07 (SD) (range +2.38 to 2.0 D). Ten eyes (71.4%) were within +/-1.0 D of the calculated target. One eye had a tear in the posterior capsule with vitreous loss during cataract surgery. No other intraoperative, perioperative, or postoperative complications were observed. No loss of BCVA was recorded at the last postoperative visit. CONCLUSIONS: Lens opacities and cataract formation are a potential complication of ICL surgery. The removal of the ICL and the cataract with IOL implantation was found to be safe, with predictable refractive results.     

特发性黄斑裂孔术后有晶状体眼与人工晶状体眼视力恢复比较

目的 比较特发性黄斑裂孔术后有晶状体眼与人工晶状体眼视力的恢复情况.方法 选择术后黄斑裂孔闭合的特发性黄斑裂孔患者45例(45眼),按照患者术后晶状体状况,分为有晶状体眼组(32例32眼)和人工晶状体眼组(13例13眼).所有患眼均行玻璃体切割+内界膜剥离+C3F8填充术,术中使用吲哚菁绿溶液辅助剥离内界膜.术后随访6个月,记录术前、术后两组患者的视力情况及术后有晶状体眼组的晶状体混浊进展情况.结果 人工晶状体眼组术后视力提高率为76.9%.有晶状体眼组术后视力提高率为43.8%,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.028).人工晶状体眼组术后平均最佳矫正视力(LogMAR视力)为0.30±0.20,有晶状体眼组为0.58±0.32,两组相比差异亦有统计学意义(P=0.009).术后有晶状体眼组14眼出现晶状体混浊进展.结论 特发性黄斑裂孔术后晶状体混浊可明显影响患者的视力恢复,白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入可使特发性黄斑裂孔患者术后得到进一步的视力恢复.     

Comparison of objective accommodation in phakic and pseudophakic eyes between age groups

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To compare objective accommodation of phakic and pseudophakic eyes between two different age groups. Eighty-three eyes (83...     

Comparison of anterior chamber depth measurement methods in phakic and pseudophakic eyes

PURPOSE: To compare anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements in phakic and pseudophakic eyes using a slit-beam photographic technique (IOLMaster, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) with those obtained with the laboratory prototype version of partial coherence interferometry (PCI) and with conventional applanation ultrasound in phakic eyes. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna University, Vienna, Austria. METHODS: Thirty-three ACDs of 28 patients with age-related cataract were measured preoperatively with a slit-beam photographic technique (IOLMaster) and the prototype version of PCI. In 24 eyes, the ACD was also assessed with applanation ultrasound. In addition, 34 ACDs of 18 pseudophakic patients in a different study population were examined postoperatively with the IOLMaster and PCI. RESULTS: The median ACD in the phakic eyes was 3.06 mm (range 1.93 to 3.90 mm) with the IOLMaster, 3.09 mm with PCI (range 1.49 to 4.06 mm), and 2.87 mm (range 2.18 to 3.33 mm) with applanation ultrasound. The precision was 0.005 mm for PCI and 0.015 mm for IOLMaster measurement. The median difference between the IOLMaster and PCI ACD biometry was 0.01 mm +/- 0.14 (SD) (range -0.44 to 0.17 mm) (P =.71). In pseudophakic eyes, the 2 methods showed a median difference of -0.22 mm (range -0.45 to 1.99 mm) (P >.1) and did not correlate (r = 0.21; P >.2). CONCLUSIONS: In phakic eyes, the difference between IOLMaster and PCI measurements was small and not statistically significant. In pseudophakic eyes, the difference was larger and the methods did not correlate.     

人工晶状体眼伪调节研究进展

许多白内障术后患者可以获得比实际预期要好的近视力,其中原因在于人工晶状体眼伪调节的存在。人工晶状体眼伪调节的测量方法主要包括:推进法、离焦法、动态检影法、红外线可视验光仪、视觉诱发电位法及利用A型超声或超声生物显微镜测量调节前后前房深度的变化间接测定调节幅度。人工晶状体眼伪调节的影响因素主要包括景深、人工晶状体位移、近视散光、像差、角膜的多焦性等。