口服阿托伐他汀、阿司匹林预防缺血性脑卒中的临床观察

目的 观察口服阿托伐他汀、阿司匹林预防缺血性脑卒中的作用.方法 将100例首发缺血性脑卒中患者分为阿托伐他汀组和阿托伐他汀+阿司匹林组.阿托伐他汀组予口服阿托伐他汀20 mg/d,阿托伐他汀+阿司匹林组予口服阿托伐他汀20 mg/d,肠溶阿司匹林片100mg,1次/d.三组均治疗2年,观察两组患者缺血性脑卒中的血脂水平、急性脑梗死发生率和不良反应.结果 阿托伐他汀+阿司匹林组治疗后血脂水平明显下降,与其他两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);急性脑梗死发生率和不良反应发生率低于其他两组(P<0.05).结论 阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林预防缺血性脑卒中临床疗效肯定,副作用小.     

阿托伐他汀防治急性缺血性脑卒中42例疗效评价

目的观察阿托伐他汀防治急性缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效及安全性。方法随机将同期收治的84例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分为观察组和对照组各42例,对照组给予基础治疗及口服肠溶阿司匹林片,每天1次,每次剂量100 mg;观察组在常规治疗及口服肠溶阿司匹林片的同时,给予口服阿托伐他汀,每天1次,每次20 mg,两组均以1个月为1疗程。观察两组疗效及治疗前后血脂水平变化,记录患者在服药期间发生的不良反应,包括胃肠道反应、肝功能异常、口腔出血、脑出血、皮疹等。结果对照组总有效率为69.0%(29/42);观察组总有效率达88.1%(37/42),观察组总有效率明显高于对照组,两组患者治疗前后的血脂水平比较,观察组的TG、TC及LDL-C等指标改善幅度大于对照组(P<0.05),对照组的血脂水平改善程度不明显;观察组42例中急性脑梗死2例(4.8%),低于对照组的5例(11.9%)。结论阿托伐他汀在急性缺血性脑卒中的防治上具有疗效突出、安全性高等优点,并能够显著改善血脂水平,且不良反应发生率低,值得临床应用。     

烟酸缓释剂与阿托伐他汀联合治疗急性冠脉综合征合并高脂血症患者100例疗效分析

目的：探讨应用烟酸缓释片与阿托伐他汀联合治疗急性冠脉综合征合并高脂血症患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法：入选急性冠脉综合征合并高脂血症患者100例，随机分为阿托伐他汀组（10mg／d，n=50）、联合治疗组（烟酸缓释片500mg／d＋阿托伐他汀10mg／d，n=50），疗程3个月。观察治疗前后主要血脂水平的变化情况及不良反应发生率。结果：①两组血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）和三酰甘油（TG）水平均有不同程度的改善，但联合治疗组中血脂水平的变化幅度更大，尤其是高密度脂蛋白（HDL—C）水平明显优于阿托伐他汀组（P〈0．05）。②联合治疗组与阿托伐他汀组不良反应的发生率相比，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：研究结果提示，烟酸缓释片（500mg／d）与阿托伐他汀（10mg／d）联合治疗可以更全面地改善急性冠脉综合征合并高脂血症患者的血脂异常，减少严重心血管事件的发生，并且具有良好的安全性和耐受性。     

阿托伐他汀治疗剂量对高脂血症的临床疗效观察

目的观察阿托伐他汀对治疗冠心病伴高血脂症的临床疗效及安全性。方法将64例冠心病伴高血脂症患者随机分另观察组和对照组各32例。对照组给予阿托伐他汀20mg／d口服,观察组给予阿托伐他汀10mg／d口服,对两组患者的临床疗效、血脂达标率、并发症和不良反应发生率。结果两组TC、LDL—C较治疗前均明显降低（P〈0．01）,HDL—C较治疗前也有升高（P〈0．05）。两组血脂达标率、并发症和不良反应发生率无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论阿托伐他汀10mgl次／d给药剂量治疗轻中度的高血脂症疗效好,相对费用低,值得推广。     

阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林预防脑梗死复发的临床观察

目的 观察阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林预防脑梗死复发的疗效.方法 采用回顾性分析方法对首发脑梗死口服阿托伐他汀＋阿司匹林的患者进行总结分析,并设对照组,观察两组患者的血脂水平、急性脑梗死复发率等情况.结果 观察组治疗后血脂水平明显低于治疗前,P ＜ 0.05;对照组血脂水平治疗后与治疗前无明显差异,P ＞ 0.05;观察组脑梗死复发率明显低于对照组,P ＜ 0.05.结论 阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林预防脑梗死复发的临床疗效肯定,不良反应轻微,值得临床推广应用.     

强化降脂对冠心病患者的疗效及安全性

目的观察强化降脂对冠心痛疗效及安全性。方法选择78例50-75岁的冠心病患者合并高脂血症患者。随机分为两组：治疗组（阿托伐他汀10mg）40例。强化治疗组（阿托伐他汀40mg）38例。两组之间一般资料及血脂各项指标无显著差别（P〉0．05），具有可比性。两组在常规冠心痛治疗基础上（包括肠溶阿司匹林、硝酸脂类、β-受体阻滞刑），治疗组阿托伐他汀10mg／a，强化治疗组40mg／a。治疗前后4周、8周分别在早晨（空腹12h以上）做血液检查。观察调脂疗效、肝肾功能损害、肌溶解等不良反应。结果治疗6周时，10mg和40mg组间及治疗前TCLDL—C下降明显差异（P〈0．05），有统计学意义。两组达标率比较，不同刑量阿托伐他汀在治疗6周及12周后TCLDL—C达标差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。说明阿托伐他汀40mg可显著提高血脂达标率，疗效与剂量相关。姑论对于冠心痛合并高血脂症患者，尤其对有舍并症较多的，多支血管病变的病人，强化阵脂治疗阿托伐他汀40mg能安全有效的降低血脂，不良反应少，提高达标率，并能减少主要心血管事件，使k患者获得更大益处。     

急性冠脉综合症患者较大剂量他汀药物干预结果分析

目的观察急性冠脉综合症（ACS）患者应用不同剂量阿托伐他汀治疗的效果。方法选取ACS患者90例,按给予阿托伐他汀剂量不同分为对照组和观察组,各45例,所有患者均给予硝酸酯类、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、-受体阻滞剂、阿斯匹林、波立维及低分子肝素等常规治疗。对照组在常规治疗基础上给予阿托伐他汀20 mg/d睡前口服;观察组在常规治疗基础上给予阿托伐他汀40 mg/d睡前口服;分别测定治疗前后的高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）及血脂水平,并记录缺血性事件发生次数及不良反应发生率。结果对照组与观察组治疗后血脂差异无统计学意义（均〉0.05）;两组治疗后hs-CRP水平明显下降、缺血性事件发生率也明显减少,差异均有统计学意义（均〈0.05）。结论较大剂量他汀药物早期干预能明显抑制ACS的炎症反应,降低血浆hs-CRP水平,减少缺血性事件的发生率。     

阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者C-反应蛋白及血脂影响的研究

目的研究阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者C-反应蛋白及血脂的影响。方法61例急性脑梗死患者给予阿托伐他汀10mg口服，1次／d，4周为1疗程，观察治疗前后血清C-反应蛋白及血脂水平的变化。结果使用阿托伐他汀治疗后，患者C-反应蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白显著降低，高密度脂蛋白上升。结论阿托伐他汀能够降低脑梗死患者的血脂及C-反应蛋白，从而降低脑血管病的发生率。     

阿托伐他汀在缺血性脑卒中预防中的作用

目的探讨阿托伐他汀片在缺血性脑卒中预防中的作用疗效.方法选取2008年8月-2011年8月我院收治的缺血性脑卒中患者60例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,对照组口服阿司匹林100mg,治疗组在口服阿司匹林100mg基础上服用阿托伐他汀40mg,每晚1次,连续治疗6个月,分别于治疗前、治疗后6个月检测血脂、双侧颈动脉B超,对伴有颈动脉斑块者测量斑块面积.结果治疗组总有效率(83%)高于对照组(65%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论阿托伐他汀片能够起到调控血脂作用,稳定动脉粥样斑块的作用.     

短疗程瑞舒伐他汀和阿托伐他汀治疗高脂血症的疗效观察

目的：观察瑞舒伐他汀和阿托伐他汀治疗高脂血症的疗效。方法：将84例血脂异常患者随机分为2组（治疗组48例,对照组36例）,治疗组给予瑞舒伐他汀10mg／d口服,对照组给予阿托伐他汀20mg／d口服,治疗前、治疗第1周和第2周后分别检测血总胆固醇（TＣ）、低密度胆固醇（LDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）和高密度胆固醇（HDL-C）,并对两组患者的临床疗效、血脂达标率和不良反应发生率进行比较。结果：治疗第1周和第2周后,两组TC、LDL-C、TG均较治疗前明显降低（P〈0．05）,治疗组TC比对照组降低更明显（P〈0．05）;两组HDL—C治疗前后无明显改变（P〉0．05）。治疗第1周后,治疗组LDL-C达标率明显高于对照组（56．3％VS25．0％,P〈0．01）,两组不良反应发生率无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：应用瑞舒伐他汀和阿托伐他汀短期内即有明显的降脂效果,而瑞舒伐他汀降脂疗效优于阿托伐他汀。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.