Comparison of immunoreactivity between two different monoclonal antibodies recognizing peptide and polysialic acid chain epitopes on the neural cell adhesion molecule in normal tissues and lung tumors.

A comparative immunohistochemical study of two different monoctonal antibodies against different epitopes on the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) was performed. Various normal tissues and lung tumors were examined for reactivity with NCC-LU-243, a monoclonal antibody which recognizes a peptide epitope on N-CAM, and monoclonal antibody 735 (MoAb 735), which reacts with a polysialic acid chain epitope on N-CAM. When acetone-fixed normal tissues were used, the immunoreactivities of MoAb 735 and NCC-LU-243 were not identical. In lung tumors, almost all small cell cancers (SCLC) and carcinoid tumors, and some non-SCLC were stained by both monoclonal antibodies. NCC-LU-243 stained the cell membrane only of almost all SCLC cells and clusters of non-SCLC cells. MoAb 735 stained the cell membrane of SCLC in a patchy manner and not only the cell membrane but also the cytoplasm of some non-SCLC. However cytoplasmic staining was evaluated as ‘not positive’. The number of positive cases and the size of the positive tumor cell population determined by cell membrane staining with MoAb 735 were smaller than those determined with NCC-LU-243 in both SCLC and non-SCLC cases. In routinely formalin-fixed materials, the immunoreactivity of both monoclonal antibodies, especially of NCC-LU-243, decreased after prolonged fixation as in surgically resected and autopsy materials. However, both monoclonal antibodies were found to be useful when materials were fixed for a short period of time as in biopsy specimens.     

Immunocytochemical study of small round cell tumors in routinely processed specimens

Fourteen commercially available monoclonal antibodies were used to examine, by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, 20 formaldehyde solution-fixed, routinely processed bone marrow biopsy and surgical biopsy specimens from a group of small round cell tumors with bone marrow involvement, including 6 neuroblastomas, 4 rhabdomyosarcomas, 3 Ewing's sarcomas, 3 Burkitt's lymphomas, and 4 small-cell carcinomas of the lung. Eight of 14 monoclonal antibodies worked well on the routinely processed sections. Antidesmin (D33) (Dako Corp, Santa Barbara, Calif) and anti-muscle actin (HHF35) showed specific immunostaining in all 4 rhabdomyosarcomas included in this study. Anti-epithelial membrane antigen immunoreactivity was positive in all small-cell carcinomas of the lung. Anti-leukocyte common antigen (Dako) showed positive immunostaining in lymphomas and did not immunoreact with nonhematopoietic tumors. However, it was important to be aware that some lymphomas may not have been labeled with anti-leukocyte common antigen. All 6 neuroblastomas showed a positive immunoreactivity with anti-chromogranin A (LK2H10) and a weak reaction with antisynaptophysin (SY38). Panels of commercially available monoclonal antibodies, including anti-leukocyte common antigen, anti-epithelial membrane antigen, antidesmin (Dako), anti-muscle actin, and anti-chromogranin A, appear to be most useful in the differential diagnosis and staging of small round cell tumors on routinely processed biopsy specimens.     

Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Nonspecific Cross-reacting Antigen in Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) were studied immunohisto-chemically in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues of 73 cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC) using 2 polyclonal antibodies (CEA antisera cross-reactive with or without NCA), 3 monoclonal antibodies recognizing epitopes only on CEA, and one monoclonal antibody against NCA. The staining patterns of the 5 antibodies against CEA in MTCs were not different, and they reacted with 86.3% of all cases. With regard to the effects of fixatives on the staining patterns, samples fixed with formalin or 4% paraformaldehyde demonstrated CEA immunoreactivity in both the cell membrane and cytoplasm. In Bouin fixed tissue, the immunoreactivity was predominant on the cell membrane, whereas cytoplasmic positivity predominated in alcohol fixed specimens. Thus the difference in fixatives used in previous studies does not appear to be a major reason for the difference in the reported incidence of CEA positive MTCs. It is concluded that CEA is still a useful tumor marker for MTC and that it is detectable only in thyroid tumors originating from C cells, as seen in our series. The epitope defined by monoclonal antibody F106 88, present only on NCA, was found in 42.5% of all cases (49.2% of CEA positive MTCs). The NCA immunoreactivity was located in the tumor cell cytoplasm as globular aggregates, which were also labeled for CEA.     

Carcinoembryonic antigen and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) were studied immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 73 cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC) using 2 polyclonal antibodies (CEA antisera cross-reactive with or without NCA), 3 monoclonal antibodies recognizing epitopes only on CEA, and one monoclonal antibody against NCA. The staining patterns of the 5 antibodies against CEA in MTCs were not different, and they reacted with 86.3% of all cases. With regard to the effects of fixatives on the staining patterns, samples fixed with formalin or 4% paraformaldehyde demonstrated CEA immunoreactivity in both the cell membrane and cytoplasm. In Bouin-fixed tissue, the immunoreactivity was predominant on the cell membrane, whereas cytoplasmic positivity predominated in alcohol-fixed specimens. Thus the difference in fixatives used in previous studies does not appear to be a major reason for the difference in the reported incidence of CEA-positive MTCs. It is concluded that CEA is still a useful tumor marker for MTC and that it is detectable only in thyroid tumors originating from C cells, as seen in our series. The epitope defined by monoclonal antibody F106-88, present only on NCA, was found in 42.5% of all cases (49.2% of CEA-positive MTCs). The NCA immunoreactivity was located in the tumor cell cytoplasm as globular aggregates, which were also labeled for CEA.     

Immunohistochemical demonstration of lacto-N-fucopentose III in lung carcinomas with monoclonal antibody 624A12

Bronchopulmonary carcinomas were analyzed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibody 624A12. The antibody was raised against a human "small cell carcinoma" cell line NCI-H69. It recognizes a particular sugar sequence in lacto-N-fucopentose III, which is preserved in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue. Various bronchopulmonary carcinomas revealed characteristic patterns of immunoreactivity. Forty nine/50 adenocarcinomas were immunoreactive either diffusely or focally. The immunostaining was usually limited to the cell membranes with occasional intracytoplasmic immunostaining in large cells. The only negative case had been irradiated before surgical resection. Twenty seven/38 squamous cells carcinomas did not immunostain while the remaining 11 displayed focal immunoreactivity in areas of "loose cellular apposition" associated with necrosis and, rarely, in squamous pearls. All of six adenosquamous carcinomas showed immunoreactivity focally. Eleven/30 large cell carcinomas and 10/11 bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas were either diffusely or focally immunoreactive. Seven/26 intermediate cell neuroendocrine carcinomas were focally immunoreactive while none of 33 typical small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 21 carcinoids, and 10 well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas was immunoreactive. An adenoid cystic carcinoma was diffusely immunoreactive, and a mucoepidermoid carcinoma was focally immunoreactive. We conclude that various bronchopulmonary neoplasms have characteristic patterns of distribution of this antigen, and that monoclonal antibody 624A12 may be useful for the differential diagnose among bronchopulmonary carcinomas, and their differential diagnosis from pleural mesotheliomas.     

Detection of highly pathogenic influenza and pandemic influenza virus in formalin fixed tissues by immunohistochemical methods

Tissues infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses such as H5N1 and H7N7 are normally required to be fixed in formalin or paraformaldehyde before examination in order to inactivate the virus. In this study commercially available monoclonal antibodies to the influenza nucleoprotein (NP) were evaluated in order to determine which antibodies would identify positive cells in tissues fixed in formalin or paraformaldehyde. An assessment of which antigen retrieval process would unmask antigens blocked by formalin fixation was also made. Of six commercially available monoclonal antibodies tested, only one (HB65, European Veterinary Laboratories) was able to identify all formalin fixed avian, swine and human influenza virus infected tissues, and this was after pronase induced epitope retrieval. This monoclonal antibody is recommended for routine diagnostic use for the detection of influenza A infected tissues that have been fixed in formalin or paraformaldehyde.     

Expression of epithelial and neural antigens in small cell and non small cell lung carcinoma

Seventy-one lung carcinomas from 66 different patients were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Twenty-nine were small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), 15 adenocarcinomas, 17 squamous carcinomas and 10 large cell carcinomas. Three of the monoclonal antibodies recognize different cytokeratins, three recognize other epithelial antigens and one recognizes a neural antigen. Both formalin-fixed and cryopreserved tumours were studied using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. 23/29 SCLC reacted with all but one of the antibodies which recognize epithelial antigens. This staining was similar to that seen in non small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and provides further evidence that SCLC are true epithelial tumours. All but one of the SCLC stained with the antibody recognizing a neural antigen. This antibody did not stain squamous or adenocarcinomas. However, four of the large cell carcinomas stained well with this antibody, suggesting that SCLC and some large cell carcinomas share a common pathway of differentiation. There were variations of staining seen both within and between tumours. This has obvious implications if immunotargetting with monoclonal antibodies is to be used diagnostically or therapeutically.     

Hematopoietic cell surface markers on metastatic small cell carcinoma detected with monoclonal antibodies

Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, cells from lymph node biopsies have been examined in three patients with small cell carcinoma presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy. Two patients had small (oat) cell carcinoma of the lung; in the third patient, a primary tumor was not found. Two lymph node biopsies showed typical small (oat) cell carcinoma, and one was an intermediate cell variant; in the last, lung biopsy showed small (oat) cell carcinoma. Electron microscopy demonstrated desmosomes in all three tumors. In each case, lymph node cell suspensions were examined by indirect immunofluorescence with the use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to antigens usually associated with lymphoid or myeloid cells. In two of the three cases malignant cells were positive with the lymphoid marker BA-2; in two cases malignant cells were positive with OK1a1, a marker for the Ia-like antigen (HLA-DR); and in one case malignant cells were positive with My-1. Caution is needed in the interpretation of cell surface marker studies in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors.     

Expression in normal adult, fetal, and neoplastic tissues of a carbohydrate differentiation antigen recognised by antigranulocyte mouse monoclonal antibodies.

The distribution in paraffin fixed human tissues of a carbohydrate antigen defined by two monoclonal antibodies raised against human granulocytes has been studied by means of an immunoperoxidase technique. In addition to granulocytes, the antigen has been detected in adult tissues on identifiable cell types of the stomach, kidney, adrenal medulla, and brain and on the mucins of the gastrointestinal tract and other secretions. In fetal tissue, epithelial cells of the alimentary tract, lung, brain, and kidney express the antigen. Adenocarcinoma of the colon, stomach, breast, and lung are stained strongly, as are other types of lung cancer. The monoclonal antibodies give a staining pattern similar but not identical to other monoclonal antibodies raised against granulocytes or neoplastic cell lines which recognise the antigen 3-fucosyl N-acetyllactosamine. The use of antibodies against this oncofetal antigen in the study of differentiation and as tumour markers is discussed.     

Absence of SV-40 large T antigen (Tag) in malignant mesothelioma effusions: an immunocytochemical study

Simian Virus 40 (SV 40) was recently implicated in the pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma. The oncogenic capacity of SV-40 is a function of a nuclear protein, the large T antigen (Tag). SV-40 Tag DNA sequences are detected by the polymerase chain reaction in 40-80% of malignant mesothelial proliferations. However, the role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in demonstrating the nuclear localization of Tag is controversial. We sought to determine the clinical utility of SV-40 Tag IHC in pleural effusion cytology as an ancillary tool in the cytologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma (MM). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell block sections from 100 pleural effusions (32 MMs, 25 benign reactive, 43 metastatic adenocarcinomas) were immunostained for the SV-40 anti-Tag, using two primary monoclonal SV-40 Tag antibodies: clone Pab 416 and clone Pab 101. Despite strong and consistent immunoreactivity in positive controls, no nuclear immunostaining was observed in any case. We believe the small sample size in cytology cell block sections, the low viral copy number in infected cells, and the effect of formalin fixation may have resulted in absence of immunoreactivity. The role of SV-40 Tag IHC in diagnostic cytopathology remains unclear unless further studies reliably show its detection.     

Polyclonal anti-PSA is more sensitive but less specific than monoclonal anti-PSA: Implications for diagnostic prostatic pathology

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) production by nonprostatic tissues has been reported, casting doubts on its specificity. The immunohistochemical relative specificity and sensitivity of PSA expression using monoclonal and polyclonal anti-PSA was analyzed on 60 prostate carcinomas, 40 normal seminal vesicles, and 310 nonprostatic tumors. All nonprostatic tumors proved negative with both antibodies. However, 13 (32%) seminal vesicles showed immunoreactivity with polyclonal anti-PSA, but none showed immunoreactivity with the monoclonal antibody. The sensitivity of the 2 antibodies for prostate cancer varied with tumor grade. In Gleason pattern 3, both antibodies showed diffuse immunostaining in all cases. In Gleason pattern 5, polyclonal anti-PSA showed diffuse (>95%) tumor cell positivity in 18 cases (90%), while with the monoclonal antibody, 7 cases (35%) showed only focal (<10%) tumor cell immunoreactivity. Thus, monoclonal anti-PSA seems to be useful in small gland proliferations in which the differential diagnosis includes seminal vesicle, while for poorly differentiated neoplasms, polyclonal anti-PSA is considered superior. Sections of high-grade prostate cancer should be included as positive controls for PSA immunostaining.     

Effect of formalin fixation and epitope retrieval techniques on antibody 34betaE12 immunostaining of prostatic tissues.

Basal cell-specific, anti-high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMCK) antibody is often used to confirm the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma, particularly if limited amounts of tissue are available. HMCK is formalin sensitive and requires pretreatment by enzymes or heat if formalin-based fixatives are used. To date, the effect of prolonged formalin fixation on HMCK immunoreactivity has not been systematically studied; this is critical, because the diagnosis of malignancy is based on a negative immunoreaction. In this study, 5 tissue blocks obtained from each of 10 radical prostatectomy specimens were fixed in formalin from 6 hours to 1 month. HMCK immunostaining was performed with monoclonal antibody clone 34betaE12 after pretreatment of the sections by either enzymatic predigestion with pepsin, heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) with a microwave, or HIER with a hot plate. For scoring, the staining intensity at 6 hours of formalin fixation was considered as the baseline for that particular antigen retrieval technique. After pepsin predigestion or microwaving, there was progressive loss of HMCK immunoreactivity from 1 week or longer of formalin fixation. HIER with a hot plate yielded consistent results with no decrease in HMCK immunoreactivity with as long as 1 month of formalin fixation. The staining intensity was consistently stronger at all periods of formalin fixation when the hot plate method was used, compared with pepsin predigestion or microwaving. Generally weak HMCK positivity was observed in rare neoplastic cells of 3 of 10 specimens after hot plate HIER but not with pepsin predigestion or microwave antigen retrieval. This sporadic immunostaining of malignant cells was quantitatively and qualitatively distinct from the pattern seen in benign epithelium. We conclude that formalin fixation affects HMCK immunoreactivity over time and might impact its diagnostic usefulness. Efficacies of different antigen unmasking/epitope retrieval techniques vary and must be standardized for individual laboratories.     

Immunohistochemistry of neurone specific enolase with gamma subunit specific anti-peptide monoclonal antibodies.

AIMS--To investigate the application in immunohistochemistry of gamma-subunit specific anti-peptide monoclonal antibodies to human neurone specific enolase (NSE); and to determine their reactivity with formalin fixed, wax embedded sections of normal tissue and neuroendocrine tumours. METHODS--Immunohistochemical staining was performed on sections of formalin fixed, wax embedded tissue with two monoclonal antibodies (NSE-P1 and NSE-P2) raised against different synthetic peptides specific for the gamma subunit of human enolase (neurone specific enolase). RESULTS--Both antibodies gave strong immunostaining in normal tissues and cells known to contain NSE. There was no immunoreactivity in tissues containing either the alpha alpha or beta beta isozymes of enolase. The reactivity of the antibodies with a range of neuroendocrine tumours was also studied and both antibodies gave strong immunostaining of tumour cells in the different tumours. CONCLUSIONS--The use of synthetic peptides from defined regions of a molecule as immunogenes provides antibodies of high specificity. These monoclonal antibodies to NSE are ideally suited for immunohistochemical studies and they should be particularly useful in histopathology as they react with epitopes which are resistant to formalin fixation and wax embedding.     

Binding characteristics of monoclonal antibodies raised against bovine growth hormone

Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against pituitary bovine growth hormone using the hybridoma procedure. The binding characteristics of the seven selected monoclonal antibodies toward the antigen molecule in its native, chemically or enzymatically treated form have been studied. The reactivities of the monoclonal antibodies with growth hormones from other species and bovine prolactin have also been investigated. The epitopes recognized by four of the produced monoclonal antibodies are conformational, whereas two other monoclonal antibodies bind to sequential determinants. Three antibodies define immunological sites located between residues 6-124 of the bovine growth hormone molecule, and one of this antibody shows higher affinity to human than bovine growth hormone. The immunoreactivity of one monoclonal antibody is enhanced by the previous binding of the antigen to polyclonal antibodies, probably because of a localized conformational change of the bovine growth hormone molecule. This antibody also shows cross-reactivity with all the homologous hormones tested, indicating to recognize a highly conserved antigenic determinant.     

Leu-M1 immunoreactivity in nonhematopoietic neoplasms and myeloproliferative disorders. An immunoperoxidase study of paraffin sections

Leu-M1 is a differentiation antigen present on human myelomonocytic cells, which also has been identified in Reed-Sternberg cells and variants of Hodgkin's disease. This study further defines the tissue distribution of Leu-M1, with immunoreactivity observed for neoplastic cells in 14 of 28 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded nonhematopoietic neoplasms. With the use of monoclonal antibodies and an indirect immunoperoxidase technic, Leu-M1 was detected in adenocarcinomas of various sites (breast, lung, colon, thyroid, pancreas, and stomach), in squamous cell and transitional cell carcinomas, and in a small-cell anaplastic carcinoma. Evaluation of a wide variety of myeloproliferative disorders indicated that Leu-M1 effectively characterized mature and immature monocytic cells and myeloid cells at late stages of granulopoiesis, but it was not a reliable marker for early myeloid cells including blasts. Leu-M1 monoclonal antibodies are a useful diagnostic reagent, particularly in the assessment of lymphoproliferative disorders, but must be used with extreme caution and full awareness of its staining profile.     

Antigen retrieval and primary antibody type affect sensitivity but not specificity of CD117 immunohistochemistry

Aims:  To investigate the effects of antigen retrieval and primary antibody selection on specificity and sensitivity of CD117 immunohistochemistry.
Methods and results:  A survey and literature review were performed to determine the most commonly used CD117 antibodies. Of six such antibodies, three (Neomarkers polyclonal RB-1518, Novocastra monoclonal T595 and Santa Cruz polyclonal C19) were rejected as only suboptimal immunoreactivity was produced despite the use of various immunohistochemical protocols. Immunohistochemistry using the three remaining antibodies (Cell Marque polyclonal CMC766, Dako polyclonal A4502 and Epitomics monoclonal YR145) was performed, with and without (for Dako and Epitomics antibodies) antigen retrieval, on 32 gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) and on 139 neoplasms (comprising 24 neoplasm types) that are differential diagnoses for GIST and/or have been reported to express CD117. Antigen retrieval generally increased the sensitivity but did not alter the specificity of immunoreactivity with the three antibodies. The different antibodies showed variations in sensitivity, but did not stain different spectrums of neoplasm type. A small number of neoplasms showed scattered nuclear immunopositivity (particularly seen without antigen retrieval), which was regarded as representing cross-reactivity.
Conclusions:  Antigen retrieval and changing between the three antibodies tested affect sensitivity but not specificity of CD117 immunohistochemistry. Antigen retrieval does not produce false-positive CD117 immunostaining.     

Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Cell Cycle-Associated Antigens Ki-67 and Retinoblastoma Protein in Parathyroid Carcinomas and Adenomas

The morphologic distinction between parathyroid carcinoma and adenoma can be a difficult diagnostic problem. We analyzed nuclear immunoreactivity for the cell cycle-associated antigen Ki-67 with monoclonal antibody (MAb) MIB-1 and for retinoblastoma (RB) protein with two polyclonal antisera in 24 parathyroid carcinomas and 35 adenomas, which were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded to determine if these antibodies could assist in distinguishing between carcinomas and adenomas. In addition, 10 cases of parathyroid hyperplasia and 5 cases of normal parathyroids were examined as control tissues. The Ki-67 labeling index was significantly higher in parathyroid carcinomas compared to adenomas (7.1 ± 1.0% vs 2.4 ± 0.2%,p<0.001). No patient with a parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, or normal parathyroid gland had a Ki-67 labeling index >5.3%. Analysis of the primary tumors from patients with recurrent carcinomas and from those with nonrecurrent carcinomas showed a higher mean Ki-67 labeling index (7.8 ± 1.5% vs 5.2 ± 1.1%), in the former group, although these differences were not statistically significant. The RB protein immunoreactivity was not useful in distinguishing between parathyroid carcinomas and adenomas in paraffin-tissue sections. These results indicate that nuclear immunoreactivity for the cell cycle-associated antigen Ki-67 may be another useful method to assist in distinguishing parathyroid carcinomas from adenomas.     

Immunocytochemistry of angiosarcomas. A study of 19 cases with special emphasis on the applicability of endothelial cell specific markers to routinely prepared tissues

Since the advent of endothelial cell specific antibodies, immunocytochemistry has become an increasingly used tool in the diagnosis of malignant endothelial tumors or tumors of an alleged vascular nature. In surgical pathology the most frequently applied markers are anti-Factor VIII-related antigen (anti-FVIII-R:AG) and Ulex europeus I agglutinin (UEA I) because of their ability to work on routinely formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. However, these markers label angiosarcomas inconstantly, which has prompted the search for more reliable markers, especially monoclonal antibodies specific for endothelial cell specific antigens. BMA 120 (formerly designated BW 200) is an endothelial cell specific monoclonal antibody detecting an epitope of a formalin resistant antigen. This marker labels a considerable number of angiosarcoma cells and it was compared with the staining patterns of anti-FVIIIR:Ag and UEA I in 19 angiosarcomas. Special regard was given to the distribution of antibodies in different parts of angiosarcomas.     

Epithelial membrane antigen expression by the perineurial cell: further studies of peripheral nerve lesions

We have previously shown that a range of anti-epithelial membrane antigen monoclonal antibodies show immunoreactivity with the perineurial fibroblast, both in normal nerves and within a range of common peripheral nerve tumours. We have extended these observations by studying a further collection of peripheral nerve lesions, including some which have previously been thought to have an origin from the perineurial cell. The results provide further evidence that these antibodies reliably stain perineurial cells and that in conjunction with antisera to S-100 protein and neurofilaments, the relative contributions of the perineurial fibroblast, Schwann cell and neurone can be assessed within a nerve-related tumour/lesion. The perineurial fibroblast is an important component of some peripheral nerve lesions.     

肺腺癌和正常肺组织中抗p21ras单克隆抗体KGH-R1、KGH-R2、KGH-R3的免疫反应性比较

目的比较抗p21ras的单克隆抗体KGH-R1、KGH-R2、KGH-R3在肺腺癌和正常肺组织中的免疫反应性,为该抗体的临床应用奠定基础。方法用本实验室制备的广谱抗p21ras单克隆抗体KGH-R1、KGH-R2、KGH-R3对30例肺腺癌和30例正常肺组织进行免疫组化SP法染色,计算各样本的阳性细胞百分率和HSCORE分值,比较两组间的免疫反应性差异。结果单克隆抗体KGH-R1、KGH-R2、KGH-R3与肺腺癌发生免疫反应的百分率分别为83.33%(25/30)、93.33%(28/30)、63.33%(19/30);阳性样本的平均阳性细胞百分数均为100%;平均HSCORE评分分别为127.50分、280.25分、158.50分。与正常肺组织发生免疫反应的百分率分别为26.67%(8/30)、16.67%(5/30)、33.33%(10/30);阳性样本的平均阳性细胞百分数分别为7.75%、7.50%、8.05%;平均HSCORE评分分别为7.75分、7.50分、8.05分。单克隆抗体KGH-R1、KGH-R2、KGH-R3与肺腺癌免疫反应阳性样本的平均阳性细胞百分数比较,3者之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3者阳性样本的平均HSCORE分值比较:KGH-R2比KGH-R1、KGH-R3有更强的免疫反应性(P<0.05)。结论 KGH-R1、KGH-R2、KGH-R3单克隆抗体与肺腺癌组织的免疫反应性强于正常肺组织,其中KGH-R2免疫反应性最强,可进一步开发为肺腺癌的治疗性抗体。