Antibiotics resistance rate of Helicobacter pylori in Bhutan

AIM:To survey the antibiotic resistance pattern of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)strains isolated from Bhutanese population.METHODS:We isolated 111 H.pylori strains from the gastric mucosa of H.pylori-infected patients in Bhutan in 2010.The Epsilometer test was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of amoxicillin(AMX),clarithromycin(CLR),metronidazole(MNZ),levofloxacin(LVX),ciprofloxacin(CIP),and tetracycline(TET).RESULTS:Nineteen of the isolated H.pylori strains were susceptible to all antibiotics tested.The isolated strains showed the highest rate of antibiotic resistance to MNZ(92/111,82.9%).Among the 92 MNZresistant strains,74 strains(80.4%)showed high-level resistance(MIC≥256 g/mL).Three strains were resistance to LVX(2.7%).These strains were also resistance to CIP.None of the strains showed resistance to CLR,AMX and TET.CONCLUSION:CLR-based triple therapy is a more effective treatment approach over MNZ-based triple therapy for H.pylori infection in Bhutan.     

左氧氟沙星体外诱导马耳他布鲁杆菌耐药后gyrA基因的变异

Objective To study on the drug-resistance mechanism of Brucella resistance to Quinolone antibiotics to guide the selection and use of antimicrobial agents in clinical practice. Methods Six strains of Brucella melitensis(Bru1, Bru2, Bru3, Bru4, Bru5, Bru6) were selected to be induced resistance to levofloxacin in vitro respectively. The MICs of the 6 strains of Brucella melitensis and induced resistant strains were measured by agar dilution method. The sensitivity to Quinolone antibiotics (Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Norfloxacin, Fleroxacin, Ofloxaein) of 6 strains of Brucella melitensis and induced resistant strains was measured by K-B method. The gyrA of the 6 strains of Brucella melitensis and induced resistant strains was amplified by PCR, then the nucleotide sequence of the genes were analyzed. Results The MICs of Bru1,Bru2,Bru3,Bru4, Bru6 were 0.50 μg/ml and Bru5 was 0.25 μg/ml. The strains Bin3, Bru4 were induced into drug-resistant strains by Levofloxacin, then were named LEVR3 and LEVR4 respectively. The MICs of LEVR3 and LEVR4 were 64,128 μg/ml with 128 and 256 times higher than that of the parental strains. The 6 strains of Brucella melitensis were sensitive to Quinolone antibiotics, LEVR3 and LEVR4 were resistant to Quinolone antibiotics. Neucleotide sequence analysis and comparison of the derived amino acid sequence revealed that Quinolone resistance-determing region of GyrA had a substitution at position Ala87 and Asp91 in laboratory resistant strains. Conclusion The results of in vitro experiments show that acquired resistance of Brucella melitensis strains to Levofloxacin could beinduced when exposed to high level of some antibacterial agents for short term. Two drug-resistant strains occur mutations in gyrA and have cross-resistance to other Quinolones.     

Timing,distribution, and microbiology of infectious complications after necrotizing pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute abdominal disease worldwide,and its incidence rate has increased annually.Approximately 20%of AP patients develop into necrotizing pancreatitis(NP),and 40%to 70%of NP patients have infectious complications,which usually indicate a worse prognosis.Infection is an important sign of complications in NP patients.AIM To investigate the difference in infection time,infection site,and infectious strain in NP patients with infectious complications.METHODS The clinical data of AP patients visiting the Department of General Surgery of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 1,2014 to December 31,2018 were collected retrospectively.Enhanced computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with NP were included in the study.Statistical analysis of infectious bacteria,infection site,and infection time in NP patients with infectious complications was performed,because knowledge about pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns is essential for selecting an appropriate antibiotic.In addition,the factors that might influence the prognosis of patients were analyzed.RESULTS In this study,539 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 162 patients with NP infection,including 212 strains from pancreatic infections and 327 strains from extrapancreatic infections.Gram-negative bacteria were the main infectious species,the most common of which were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The extrapancreatic infection time(9.1±8.8 d)was earlier than the pancreatic infection time(13.9±12.3 d).Among NP patients with early extrapancreatic infection(<14 d),bacteremia(25.12%)and respiratory tract infection(21.26%)were predominant.Among NP patients with late extrapancreatic infection(>14 d),bacteremia(15.94%),respiratory tract infection(7.74%),and urinary tract infection(7.71%)were predominant.Drug sensitivity analysis showed that P.aeruginosa was sensitive to enzymatic penicillins,thirdand fourth-generation cephalosporins,and carbapenems.Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were sensitive only to tigecycline;Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecium were highly sensitive to linezolid,tigecycline,and vancomycin.CONCLUSION In this study,we identified the timing,the common species,and site of infection in patients with NP.     

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients in Shiraz, Southern Iran

AIM: To improve our understanding of Iranian regional variation in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) antibiotic resistance rates to find the best antibiotic therapy for eradication of H. pylori infections.METHODS: A total of 266 patients undergoing endoscopy in Shiraz, Southern Iran, were included in this study. H. pylori strains were isolated from antral biopsies by culture and confirmed by the rapid urease-test and gram staining. Antibiotic susceptibility of H. pylori isolates was determined by E-test.RESULTS: A total of 121 H. pylori strains were isolated, 50 from male and 71 from female patients. Data showed that 44% (n = 53), 20% (n = 24), 5% (n = 6), and 3% (n = 4) of all strains were resistant to the antibiotics metronidazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and tetracycline, respectively. When the antibiotics were considered together we found 11 sensitivity patterns for the strains. Resistance to metronidazole was significantly higher in female than in male patients (P < 0.05). In about 71% of the metronidazole-resistant isolates, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) exceeded 256 μg/mL.CONCLUSION: We found a moderate rate of primary resistance to metronidazole. However, a high MIC (> 256 mg/L) which was found in 71% of the isolates is considerable. In the case of amoxicillin, an increased resistance rate of 20% is worrying. Resistance to clarithromycin and tetracycline is also emerging among the H. pylori strains in our region.     

幽门螺杆菌临床分离株耐药特性分析及嗜酸乳杆菌对耐药幽门螺杆菌的抑制作用

目的 对84株临床分离幽门螺杆菌 (Helicobacter pylori,Hp)菌株进行耐药特性分析,并同时观察抗Hp嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus,La)4和La6对不同抗生素耐药Hp的抑制效应.方法 从84例不同胃病(慢性胃炎25例,胃溃疡24例,十二指肠溃疡19例,胃癌16例)患者胃黏膜中分离培养Hp菌株,采用E-test法测定甲硝唑、克拉霉素和阿莫西林3种常用抗生素对临床Hp菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC值),了解临床Hp菌株对3种抗生素的耐药状况.以标准La作对照,将抗Hp La4和La6上清液加入含不同Hp菌株培养板的孔中,固体培养72 h,记录抑菌环;抗Hp La菌液加入含不同Hp 菌株的培养液中,液体培养,于不同时间点(4、8、12、24和48 h)分别取培养液,计算菌落形成单位和测定尿素酶活性.结果 84株临床分离Hp菌株中对甲硝唑、克拉霉素和阿莫西林的耐药率分别为67.9%、17.9%和1.2%.其中11株为混合耐药,包括 10株甲硝唑和克拉霉素混合耐药和1株甲硝唑和阿莫西林混合耐药.在固体培养条件下抗Hp La4和La6上清液对抗生素耐药和非耐药Hp菌株均产生明显的抑菌效应.液体培养条件下抗Hp La4和La6菌液能抑制抗生素耐药和非耐药Hp菌株的增殖,其拮抗Hp的作用明显强于标准La菌株(P<0.01).抗Hp La4和La6在混合培养4 h就能抑制抗生素耐药Hp菌株尿素酶活性,随着培养时间的延长Hp尿素酶活性逐渐降低,其抑制作用明显强于标准La组(P＜0.05).结论 84株临床分离Hp菌株中甲硝唑耐药株为常见,其次为克拉霉素耐药和甲硝唑克拉霉素混合耐药株.抗Hp La4和La6在体外对抗生素耐药和非耐药Hp菌株均具有明显的抑制作用.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the drug resistant characteristics of 84 clinical isolated Helicobacter pylori (Hp) strains, and to observe the inhibitory effects of anti-Hp Lactobacillus acidophilus (La)4 and La6 on different antibiotic-resistant Hp strains. Methods Hp strains were isolated and cultured from gastric mucosa of 84 different gastropathy patients (20 patients with chronic gastritis, 24 with gastric ulcer, 19 with duodenal ulcer and 16 with gastric cancer). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin were tested by E-test in order to determine the resistance of these three antibiotics in clinical isolated Hp strains. With standard La as control, the supernatant of anti-Hp La4 and La6 was added into Hp strains culture wells. Hp strains were cultured in solid media for 72 hours, and then inhibition ring were recorded. Anti-Hp Lactobacillus acidophilus liquid was also added to culture medium of different Hp strains, which were in liquid culture, culture medium were taken at different time points (4,8,12,24,48 hrs) to calculate bacteria colony number and test urease activity. Results In 84 clinical isolated Hp strains, the resistant rates of metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin resistance rates were 67.9%, 17.9% and 1.2% respectively. Of those 11 strains were mixed drug resistance, which included 10 strains of metronidazole and clarithromycin mixed drug resistance, and one of metronidazole and amoxicillin mixed drug resistance. In solid culture conditions, supernatant of anti-Hp Lactobacillus acidophilus La4 and La6 had obvious inhibitory effect on antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant Hp strains. In liquid culture conditions, anti-Hp Lactobacillu acidophilus La4 and La6 bacterium liquid could inhibit the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant Hp strains, the antagonistic role was significantly stronger than the standard Lactobacillus acidophilus strains (P<0.05). The urease activity of antibiotic-resistant Hp strains was inhibited since mixed cultured with anti-Hp Lactobacillu acidophilus La4 and La6 for 4 hours, the urease activity gradually decreased as culture time extended, and the inhibitory role was significantly stronger than the standard Lactobacillus acidophilus strains (P<0.05). Conclusions In 84 Hp strains, most were metronidazole resistant strains, followed by clarithromycin resistant strains, metronidazole and clarithromycin mixed resistance strains. In vitro, anti-Hp Lactobacillu acidophilus La4 and La6 had obvious inhibitory effects on antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant Hp strains.     

Prevalence of hepatitis C infection among intravenous drug users in Shanghai

AIM:To characterize the prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection among Chinese intravenous drug users(IDUs).METHODS:A total of 432 adult IDUs(95 women and337 men)in Shanghai were included in the study.The third-generation Elecsys Anti-HCV assay(Roche Diagnostics GmbH,Sandhofer Strasse 116,D-68305,Mannheim,Germany)was used to screen for antibodies against HCV.The RIBA strip,a supplemental antiHCV test with high specificity,was performed on all of the samples that tested positive during the initial screening.All of the anti-HCV positive samples were analyzed with a Cobas TaqMan 48 Analyzer(Roche Diagnostics)for direct detection of HCV RNA.All of the HCV RNA-positive samples were sequenced for genotype determination.RESULTS:The preliminary screening identified 262(60.6%)subjects who were seropositive for HCV.Of the 62 females and 200 males seropositive subjects,16(16.7%)and 65(19.3%),respectively,were confirmed by RIBA,yielding an overall HCV seropositive rate of18.8%.Four female(6.5%)and 14 male(7.0%)subjects tested positive for HCV RNA,indicating an active infection rate of 4.2%for the entire study population.The 18 HCV RNA-positive serum samples were genotyped.Seven individuals were genotype 1b,and four were genotype 1a.One individual each was infected with genotypes 2a,2b and 3a.Four subjects were coinfected with multiple strains:two with genotypes 1a and 2a,and two with genotypes 1b and 2a.The active infection rate among HCV-seropositive individuals was22.2%,which was significantly lower than most estimates.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of HCV is relatively low among IDUs in Shanghai,with a spontaneous recovery rate much higher than previous estimates.     

Some pathogenic characters of paratyphoid Salmonella enterica strains isolated from poultry

Objective: To investigate some pathogenic characters of Salmonella enterica strains isolated from poultry.Methods: Twenty-three genetically distinct Salmonella enterica strains, of different serovars and pulsotype, were examined for virulence traits. Resistance to gastric acid environment was estimated by measuring the percentage of survived bacterial cells after exposure for 2 h to a synthetic gastric juice. Strains were analyzed with PCR for the presence of the following virulence genes: mgtC and rhu M located on SPI-3, sopB and pipB located on SPI-5, Salmonella virulence plasmid(spv)R(spvR), spvB and spvC located on Salmonella plasmid virulence and sodCI, sopE, and gipA located on prophage.Finally, resistance to 21 antibiotics was tested with Kirby–Bauer method.Results: A percentage of 82.60% of strains were resistant to gastric environment after induction and 60.87% of the strains exhibited constitutive resistance too. Nineteen different virulence profiles were detected. The phage related genes sodCI and sopE and the plasmid mediated operon spvR, spvB and spvC(spvRBC) were detected in 82.60%,47.82% and 52.17% of strains, respectively. Typhimurium and Enteritidis strains showed the highest number of virulence genes. Twenty-one different antibiotic resistance profiles were obtained and two isolates(Typhimurium and Enteritidis) resulted sensible to all the tested molecules. The ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance profile was detected in seven isolates(30.43%).Conclusion: Our results show that paratyphoid Salmonella strains with several characters of pathogenicity, that may be cause of severe pathology in animals and humans, are circulating among poultry.     

New mutation points in 23S rRNA gene associated with Helicobacter pyloriresistance to clarithromycin in northeast China

AIM:To investigate the resistance rate of Helicobacterpylori(Hpylori)to clarithromycin,metronidazole,amoxicillin andtetracycline to guide clinical practice,and to study themechanism of Hpyloriresistant to clarithromycin.METHODS:Thirty Hpylori strains were isolated from themucosa of peptic ulcer,gastric tumor and chronic gastritispatients,then the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)toclarithromycin,metronidazole,amoxicillin and tetracyclinewas evaluated by E-test method.The sequence analysis ofPCR fragments was conducted in 23S rRNA gene of Hpyloriresistant to darithromycin to get the resistance mechanismof the bacteria.RESULTS:Among 30 Hpyloristrains,7 cases were resistantto clarithromycin,12 to metronidazole,2 to tetracycline andno strain was found to be resistant to amoxicillin.Theresistance rates were 23.3%,40%,6.7% and 0%,respectively.Three new mutation points were found to berelated to the clarithromycin resistance in Hpyloriisolates,which were G2224A,C2245T and T2289C.CONCLUSION:In northeast China,Hpylorishows highresistance to metronidazole,while sensitive to amoxicillin.The mechanism of resistance to clarithromycin may be relatedto the mutation of G2224A,C2245T and T2289C in the 23SrRNA gene.     

Seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in elderly people in the Beijing region,China

AIM:To investigate seroepidemiology of cagA+and vacA+strains of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)in an elderly population in Beijing and to determine risk factors for seropositivity.METHODS:A total of 2006 elderly persons(>60years)were selected using a random cluster sampling method in different parts of the Beijing area(urban,suburban and mountainous districts).Structured questionnaires were completed during home visits,including history of H.pylori infection,history of gastrointestinal diseases,diet types,hygiene habits,occupation and economic status.Blood samples(2 mL)were collected from each participant,and serum IgG antibodies to cagA,vacA and H.pylori urease antigens were measured by immunodetection.RESULTS:The prevalence of H.pylori infection in elderly subjects was 83.4%and the typeⅠH.pylori strain infection rate was 56%.The seroprevalence for typeⅠH.pylori strain infection in urban and suburbandistricts was higher than that in the mountainous areas(P<0.001).Elderly subjects who had previously performed manual labor or were in the young-old age group(age<75 years)had a higher seroprevalence of H.pylori infection than those who had previously performed mental labor or were in the oldest-old age group(age≥75 year)(P<0.05).The typeⅠH.pylori strain infection rate in the elderly with vegetarian diets was higher than in those eating high-protein foods(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of H.pylori strains between male and female elderly participants(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:TypeⅠH.pylori seroprevalence is higher in elderly people.The distribution of strains of H.pylori is significantly affected by age,area and dietary habits.     

2006—2008年鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性变迁分析

目的：通过分析鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性的变化,为临床治疗鲍曼不动杆菌感染提供帮助。方法：收集2006年1月—2008年12月我院所分离出的鲍曼不动杆菌,采用K-B琼脂扩散法进行药敏试验。结果：2006—2008年,呼吸道分离的鲍曼不动杆菌占分离的81.4%;鲍曼不动杆菌头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药性较低,亚胺培南和美诺培南的耐药性上升很快,ICU和非ICU病房对抗生素的耐药率有较大的差异。结论：鲍曼不动杆菌耐药现象呈明显上升趋势,特别是亚胺培南和美诺培南。非ICU病房鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药率低于ICU病房。     

Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and genomic diversity of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a teaching hospital in Malaysia

The resistance phenotypes and genomic diversity of 185 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained from the intensive care unit (ICU) of a local teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur from 2006 to 2009 were determined using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Antibiogram analyses showed that the isolates were fully resistant to β-lactam antimicrobials and had high resistance rates to the other antimicrobial agents tested. However, the isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B. Resistance to cefoperazone/sulbactam was only detected in strains isolated from 2007 to 2009. Some environmental isolates and an isolate from the hands of a healthcare worker (HCW) had identical resistance profiles and PFGE profiles that were closely related to patient isolates. Cluster analyses based on the PFGE profiles showed there was a persistent clone of endemic isolates in the ICU environment. The transmission route from HCWs to fomites to patients, which caused a long-term infection in the ICU of the University Malaya Medical Centre, was observed in this study. These data provide a better understanding of A. baumannii epidemiology within the hospital and the possible transmission routes. Knowledge of changes in the resistance rates of A. baumannii in our local hospital will improve antimicrobial therapy.     

监护室分离的鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药特征与同源性分析

目的 探讨ICU中鲍曼不动杆菌感染暴发的原因、耐药特征及其同源性,分析其可能的传播途径,为治疗和预防鲍曼不动杆菌院内感染提供依据.方法 收集解放军总医院某ICU2007年5-6月份收治的鲍曼不动杆菌感染患者的痰、血液、尿及创口分泌物等临床标本,同时采集同期医护人员手、呼吸机管路、患者皮肤和病床等部位的环境标本进行细菌培养、分离及鉴定;应用琼脂稀释法测定鉴定为鲍曼不动杆菌标本的MIC值,分析其耐药特征,并用脉冲场凝胶电泳进行分型,判断其同源性.结果 分离到的12株鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率达100%,对替加环素的敏感度为91.7%,对多黏菌素均敏感.12株菌株经脉冲场凝胶电泳分为A、B、C 3个类型,在医护人员手上分离到的鲍曼不动杆菌与患者体液中分离到的鲍曼不动杆菌同型.在1个月内,A型和B型菌株对米诺环素的药敏试验结果由中介变为耐药,A型菌株中出现1株替加环素耐药菌株.结论 ICU中出现的鲍曼不动杆菌为碳青霉烯类耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌,其耐药性在1个月内发生了改变.带有致病菌的医护人员的手可能为ICU中鲍曼不动杆菌感染的媒介.     

综合医院ICU院内感染鲍曼不动杆菌耐药现状分析

目的:了解鲍曼不动杆菌在医院感染的分布及耐药现状,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法:收集2012-01-12月综合ICU住院患者送检的各类标本进行细菌培养分离,采用法国生物梅里埃公司ATB微生物分析系统及配套鉴定卡进行菌种鉴定,药敏试验采用K-B法,实验方法和判定标准按照CLSI2012规定进行。结果:分离鲍曼不动杆菌87株,对常用抗菌药物均出现较高的耐药率,耐药率最低的是米诺环素(13.8%),其次是头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(40.2%)。结论:鲍曼不动杆菌已成为综合ICU医院感染的主要致病菌,感染率和耐药率不断上升,应加强对鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性的监测,合理选择使用抗菌药物,对ICU采取有效的控制措施,有效控制耐药菌株在ICU的定植和传播。     

Infections due to Acinetobacter baumannii in the ICU

Acinetobacter species are widespread environmental, nonfermentative, aerobic, gram-negative coccobacilli. Most infections due to this organism are opportunistic in nature and occur in patients who spend extended time in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to severe underlying disease, and who need prolonged therapy with mechanical ventilation and antimicrobial agents. Because the only factor amenable to prevention in this setting is antimicrobial therapy, avoidance of unnecessary antibiotics should be a high priority in management of such patients. Nosocomial spread of A. baumannii in the ICU setting has often been attributed to ventilatory equipment and to colonized nursing and respiratory personnel via hand transmission. In fact, the epidemiology of nosocomial respiratory colonization and/or infection with A. baumannii is now commonly much more complex due to the coexistence of epidemic cases with unrelated sporadic cases caused by different strains. This underscores the necessity to use molecular typing to improve the detection of microepidemics amenable to early control. Crude mortality rates of 30 to 75% have been reported for nosocomial infection due to Acinetobacter species, with the highest rates reported in ventilator-dependent patients. As with many other opportunistic gram-negative bacilli, increasing antibiotic resistance has hindered the therapeutic management of nosocomial infection due to Acinetobacter species. A. baumannii are now frequently resistant to most available antibacterial drugs, with some centers reporting up to 80% of strains resistant to all aminoglycosides. Even resistance to imipenem, which was for several years the most effective drug in treating Acinetobacter nosocomial infections, has now been described in several reports. Unfortunately, the unique propensity of Acinetobacter species to develop resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents reinforces concerns about the imminence of a post-antimicrobial era where no effective antibiotics will be available to treat this type of infection.     

二级医院鲍曼不动杆菌感染的临床特征和同源性分析

目的：研究二级医院鲍曼不动杆菌感染患者的临床特征,对耐碳青霉烯鲍曼不动杆菌进行同源性分析,为临床治疗和医院感染控制提供依据。方法收集临床分离的115株非重复性鲍曼不动杆菌,回顾性分析患者的临床资料和细菌药敏资料。采用 Vitek2 Compact 对115株鲍曼不动杆菌进行19种抗菌药物的敏感性检测。采用肠杆菌科基因间一致重复序列聚合酶链技术(ERIC-PCR)对其中的耐碳青霉烯鲍曼不动杆菌进行基因分型和同源性分析。结果115例患者主要集中在 ICU、干部病房和呼吸科病房。患者的平均年龄为(75±16)岁。平均住院时间52.1 d。最常见的合并症为COPD 和糖尿病。72例(62.61%)患者曾接受侵入性操作。86例(74.78%)患者病程中使用过2种及以上的抗生素。48例(41.74%)患者接受机械通气。115株鲍曼不动杆菌对多黏菌素 B 耐药率最低,为0%,其次为替加环素,耐药率7.83%。仅头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星耐药率低于40%,对其他常用抗生素的耐药率均高于50%。对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别达56.52%和58.26%。ERIC-PCR 技术将67株耐碳青霉烯鲍曼不动杆菌分为9个基因型。结论二级医院鲍曼不动杆菌感染患者的临床特征为：高龄,住院时间长,合并基础疾病,接受侵入性操作,接受机械通气及使用多种抗生素。对常用的抗生素高度耐药。多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌及广泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌存在院内接触传播的现象,因此应该提高医护人员消毒意识,加强耐药性监测及合理使用抗菌药物。     

224例鲍曼不动杆菌感染的临床特征及耐药性分析

目的了解我院224例鲍曼不动杆菌感染的临床特征及耐药性。方法采用常规方法进行细菌培养、菌株鉴定及药敏检测。结果 201名患者共分离出224株鲍曼不动杆菌,患者主要集中在ICU(33.8%)、外科(25.9%)、呼吸内科(14.4%)、骨科(6.1%),基础疾病以呼吸系统疾病(64.2%)、心血管系统疾病(30.8%)、神经系统疾病(29.8%)及糖尿病(22.9%)多见,与手术治疗及有创检查治疗(56.7%)、联合使用≥2种抗生素(80.6%)及使用时间≥15天(38.8%)可能存在相关性。224株鲍曼不动杆菌对米诺环素敏感性最高(66.1%),对美罗培南、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感性超过55%。结论鲍曼不动杆菌感染与患者有基础疾病、有创性检查治疗及使用广谱抗生素及时间过长有关,其耐药情况严重,多重耐药及泛耐药菌株日益增多,目前对米诺环素、舒巴坦、碳青酶烯类抗生素仍保持相对敏感性,临床应根据药敏结果合理选择使用抗生素。     

医院感染鲍氏不动杆菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的:了解2008-01-20120-12临床分离的221株鲍氏不动杆菌(ABA)的标本来源、感染科室分布及耐药状况,为临床预防和治疗感染性疾病提供参考依据。方法:采用临床微生物学检验的常规方法对感染性标本进行细菌培养、鉴定和药敏试验,调查221株ABA的标本来源和感染科室,统计ABA对12种常用抗菌药物的耐药率。结果:221株ABA中有182株来自痰液,占82.4%;其次是脓液和手术切口引流物、血液等。医院感染ABA主要分布在重症监护病房(ICU),占51.6%;其次是呼吸内科24.4%和神经外科19.5%。药敏结果显示:ABA对临床常用抗生素的耐药性逐年增长,ABA耐药率最低的抗生素是头孢哌酮/舒巴坦,其次是亚胺培南、美洛培南。对青霉素类、氨基糖苷类、氟喹诺酮类、氨曲南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦等呈高度耐药(90%),且表现出多药耐药性。结论:ABA医院获得性感染率逐年增加,并对多种抗菌药物耐药,且多药耐药性明显,应引起临床尤其是ICU病房和呼吸内科高度重视,应严格做好各种侵入性操作的无菌技术,合理使用抗生素,以降低医院感染率、提高治愈率,延缓细菌耐药性的产生。     

鲍曼不动杆菌感染的危险因素及耐药性分析

目的 了解我院鲍曼不动杆菌的感染危险因素及耐药性.方法 经采用常规方法进行细菌培养、菌株鉴定及药敏检测.结果 158例患者共分离出238株鲍曼不动杆菌,患者主要集中在老年科(27.8％)、呼吸内科(26.6％)、神经内科(24.1％)、ICU( 16.5％),基础疾病以肺部疾病(77.8％)、神经系统疾病(51.9％)、心血管疾病(43.0％)、糖尿病(32.9％)多见,与有创检查或治疗(64.6％)、使用广谱抗生素(86.1％)可能存在相关性.对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感性(66.4％)较高.对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药性逐年上升,由20.4％上升至40.2％.结论鲍曼不动杆菌耐药情况严重,对碳青霉烯类耐药率逐年上升,可能与患者基础疾病、有创性检查或治疗、使用广谱抗生素有关.     

下呼吸道感染患儿肺泡灌洗液的病原菌分布及其耐药模式

目的:了解2016年至2018年我国下呼吸道感染患儿的肺泡灌洗液病原菌分布及其对抗菌药物的耐药情况。方法:采集2016年1月至2018年12月10家三级医院收治的年龄<18岁的下呼吸道感染患儿的肺泡灌洗液标本,培养分离获得病原菌。采用纸片扩散法或最低抑菌浓度法对分离菌株进行药物敏感试验,分析病原菌的分布情况,以及菌株来...