应激性高血糖和急诊冠状动脉介入治疗后造影剂肾病的相关性研究

目的 了解应激性高血糖对行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术的非糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者造影剂肾病(CIN)发生情况的影响.方法 2008年10月至2011年5月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术的非糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者共318例,患者均应用低渗非离子造影剂.根据入院血糖水平分为应激性高血糖组(63例)及非应激性高血糖组(255例),分析应激性高血糖与CIN的关系.结果 318例患者中,发生CIN共60例(18.9％),其中应激性高血糖组中CIN 18例(28.6％),其发生率明显高于非应激性高血糖组[16.5％(42/255)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).应激性高血糖组与非应激性高血糖组患者血中白细胞计数、高敏C反应蛋白及左心室射血分数差异有统计学意义[(10.4±2.8)×109/L比(9.6±2.5)×109/L,(9±5)mg/L比(7±3)mg/L,(47±15)％比(51±14)％,均P＜0.05]；应激性高血糖组再灌注时间长于非应激性高血糖组[(5.7±1.8)h比(4.5 ±2.1)h,P＜0.05].Logistic多因素回归分析显示,应激性高血糖是CIN发生的独立危险因素(OR=1.59,95％置信区间为1.32～1.86；P＜0.05).结论 应激性高血糖是行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术的非糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者CIN发生的独立危险因素.     

阿托伐他汀钙对高血压病患者血脂异常的疗效及对高敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的 观察阿托伐他汀钙对高血压病患者血脂异常的疗效和安全性及对高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的影响.方法 观察128例高血压伴有血脂异常的患者,其中治疗组68例,在降压治疗和低脂饮食的基础上,给予阿托伐他汀钙20 mg/d,睡前服,治疗12周;对照组60例,予降压治疗和低脂饮食.测定2组治疗前后的血压、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)、hs-CRP、Cr、ALT、肌酸激酶水平,并进行比较分析.结果 治疗组用药后与用药前比较,血压无明显改变,TG下降[(1.6±1.2)mmol/L比(2.0±0.9)mmoL/L,P＜0.05],HDL-C有升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义,TC下降[(4±1)mmol/L比(6±1)mmol/L,P＜0.01),LDL-C下降[(3±1)mmol/L比(4±1)mmol/L,P＜0.01],hs-CRP明显下降[(2.3±1.5)mg/L比(5.3±2.9)mg/L,P＜0.01].仅2例患者出现血清肌酸激酶的轻度升高,1个月后复查均恢复正常.与对照组治疗后比较,治疗组的TC、LDL-C、TG、VLDL-C和hs-CRP明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),SBP、DBP、Cr及ALT均差异无统计学意义.结论 阿托伐他汀钙可有效地改善高血压病患者血脂异常和炎症状态,而且是安全的.

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Objective To investigate the effect and safety of atovastatin calcium on dyslipidemia and hypersensitive C-reactive protein in hypertension patients. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight hypertensive patients with dyslipidedmia were divided into two groups: control group and treatment group. All patients were in low-fat and low-cholesterol diet and received antihypertensive treatment as usual. Patients in treatment group took atovastatin (20 mg/day) for 12 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), serum total glycerin (TG), total cholesterol ( TC ), low-dense-lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ), high-dense-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very low-dense-lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatinin (Cr), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured before and after the treatment. Results In patients with atovastatin treatment, TG was reduced 16%[(1.6 ±1.2)mmoL/L vs (2.0 ±0.9) mmol/L, P ＜ 0.05], TC was reduced 24% [(4 ± 1 ) mmol/L vs (6 ± 1 ) mmoL/L, P ＜ 0.01], LDL-C was reduced 34% [(3 ± 1 ) mmol/L vs (4 ± 1 ) mmol/L, P ＜ 0.01] and hs-CRP was significantly reduced [(2.3 ± 1.5 )mg/L vs (5.3 ± 2.9)mg/L, P ＜ 0.01]. CK increased lightly in two patients with atovastatin treatment and were in normal range in one month although the patients received atovastatin ( 10 mg/day) treatment. Compared to control group, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C and hs-CRP were significantly reduced in treatment group. There was no significant difference in HDL-C, SBP, DBP, Cr and ALT. Conclusion Atovastatin can decrease hypersensitive C-reactive protein in hypertension patients with dyslipidemia.     

2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白达标与血脂的相关性研究

目的 了解2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)达标对血脂的影响,探讨糖脂代谢的关联性.方法 完全随机抽取上海市殷行社区95例2型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白、血脂,按HbAlc≤6.5%和HbAlc≥7.0%分成2组,其中HBAlc达标组34例,HbAlc未达标组45例,比较2组的血脂情况,同时进行HbAlc与血脂的相关性分析.结果 未达标组患者TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C明显高于达标组[分别为(5.42±1.04)mmol/L比(5.06±1.07)mmol/L、(2.90 ±1.59)mmol/L比(2.03±1.48)mmol/L、(1.09±0.14)mmol/L比(1.05±0.17)mmol/L、(3.16±0.58)mmol/L比(2.92±0.62)mmol/L],且TG升高有统计学意义(P<0.05).达标组TC,TG,LDH-C达标率明显高于未达标组[分别为5例(14.7%)比3例(6.7%)、17例(50.0%)比10例(22.2%)、6例(17.6%)比3例(6.7%),P<0.05].单因素分析结果表明HbAlc与TC、TG、LDH-C呈正相关(r=0.208、0.438、0.222,均P<0.05).结论 降低HbAlc可有效降低,TC、TG、LDL-C,同时HbAlc达标可以明显提高TG的达标率,2型糖尿病患者应定期监测HbAlc,控制HbAlc在正常水平.

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Objective To understand the influence of lipid by up to standard type 2 diabet glycated hemogloobin and to discuss the relationship of saccharide metabolism and lipid metabolism.Methods Ninty-five patients with type 2 diabetes in Shanghai Yin-line Community were divided into two groups(HbAlc≤6.5 and HbAlc>7.0),the level of blood lipid in the two groups were compared.Meanwhile,95 patients in the glycosylated hemo globin and the corre8ponding blood were analyzed. Results TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C of substandard group [(5.42±1.04)mmoL/L vs(5.06±1.07)mmol/L,(2.90±1.59)mmol/L vs(2.03 ±1.48)mmol/L,(1.09±0.14)mmoL/L vs(1.05±0.17)mmol/L,(3.16 ±0.58)mmol/L vs(2.92±0.62)mmol/L,respectively J were higher than those in standard group.TG of substandard group was significantly elevated(P<0.05).The standard rate of TC,TG,HDL-C in standard group were higher than those in substandard group[5 cases(14.7%)vs 3 cases(6.4%),17 cases(50.0%)vs 10 cases(22.2%),6 cases(17.6%)vs 3 cases(6.7%),P<0.05].Univariate analy8is showed that HbAlc and TC,TG,LDH-C was positively correlated(r=0.208,0.438,0.222,both P<0.05).Conclusions HbAlc reduction can effectively reduce TC,TG,LDL-C,while the standard of HbAlc can significanty improve the standard rate of TG.Type 2 diabetes should have regular monitoring of glycated hemoglobin and HbAl c should be controlled at normal levels.     

氨溴特罗口服液佐治小儿肺炎支原体肺炎疗效分析

目的 观察氨溴特罗口服液协助治疗小儿肺炎支原体肺炎的临床疗效,探讨肺炎支原体肺炎发病机制.方法 将96例肺炎支原体肺炎住院患儿完全随机分为治疗组48例、对照组48例,2组患儿均采用阿奇霉素治疗,治疗组在此基础上联合氨溴特罗口服液,连续治疗7 d.观察2组临床总有效率和不良反应率并记录病情好转时间.结果 治疗组总有效率93.8%(45/48)明显好于对照组的85.4%(41/45)(x2=11.68,P＜0.05),住院期间治疗组患儿肺部哮鸣音消失时间、止咳时间、肺部啰音消失时间及住院时间均比对照组明显缩短[分别为(2.3±1.1)d比(4.2±1.6)d,(3.4±1.1)d比(6.0±2.3)d,(3.3±1.2)d比(4.9±2.1)d,(5.8±1.0)d比(7.8±2.4)d].2组不良反应率较小,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 氨溴特罗口服液联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎疗效确切,安全,有助于缩短疗程.

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Objective To study the effect of ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution in treating mycoplasma pneumonia pneumonia, and to explore the possible immunopathogenesis. Methods Ninety-six hospitalized children with mycoplasma pneumonia were randomly divided in two groups. The treatment group (n=48) received ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution in addition to conventional therapy and the control group (n=48) received routine therapy. Results The curative effect of the treatment group was superior to that of the control group[93.8% vs 85.4%, P＜0.05]. The disappearance time of the lungs wheeze, cough time, pulmonary rales disappeared time and length of stay of children in the treatment group were significantly shorter than that in the control group [(2.3 ±1. 1)d vs(4.2 ± 1. 6)d, (3.4 ± 1. 1)d vs(6. 0 ±2. 3)d, (3.3±1.2)d vs(4.9 ±2.1)d, (5.8±1.0)d vs(7.8±2.4)d]. Conclusion Oral administration of ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution combined azithromycin is effective, secure and convenient for treatment of patients with mycoplasma pneumonia.     

老老年与青年高血压病患者血压水平差异的研究

目的 探讨老老年与青年高血压病患者的血压水平差异,以指导老老年患者的临床治疗.方法 选择我院2009年4月至2010年6月高血压科住院的18岁≤年龄≤30岁患者49例作为青年组,≥80岁患者31例作为老老年组.2组患者均做诊室血压测量和24 h动态血压监测,并进行比较.结果 青年组患者诊室测量的舒张压明显高于老老年组[(102±14)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133 kPa)比(80±14)mm Hg.P<0.05],老老年组中单纯收缩压升高者明显多于青年组[19例(61.3%)比0例,P<0.01].青年组24 h平均舒张压、24 h平均心率、白昼平均舒张压、夜间平均舒张压均高于老老年组[(81±11)mm Hg比(67±10)mm Hg,(73±11)次/min比(64±15)次/min,(75+28)mm Hg比(59±25)mm Hg,(66±25)mm Hg比(55±23)mm Hg,P<0.05或P<0.01],而24 h脉压低于老老年组[(11±2)mm Hg比(24±4)mm Hg,P<0.01].结论 老老年高血压病患者舒张压、心率低于青年患者,脉压高于青年患者,单纯收缩压升高者明显多于青年患者.老老年高血压病患者应该进行降压治疗,降压药可以首选钙离子拈抗剂和利尿剂.

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Objective To discuss the difference of ambulatory blood pressure levels between very elderly and young hypertensives. Methods Eighty inpatients in hypertension department at Anzhen Hospital were enrolled and divided into two groups by age;the young group(49 cases, with age≤30 years old)and very elderly group(31 cases, with age ≥80 years old). Both groups had clinical blood pressure tests and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure tests, and the outcomes were compared. Results The diastolic blood pressure ( DBP) in the young group is significantly higher than the very elderly group[(102 ±14)mm Hg(l mm Hg =0.133 kPa)vs(80 ±14)mm Hg, P< 0.05]. People simply elevated systolic blood pressure of the very elderly group is significantly more than young group[19 cases(61.3% ) vs 0(0.0% ) , P <0. 01]. The 24 h mean DBP, 24 h mean heart rate, day mean DBP and night mean DBP in young group are higher than the very elderly group[(81 ±11) mm Hg vs(67 ±10) mm Hg, (73 ±ll)beats per minute vs(64 ±15)beats per minute,(75 ±28)mm Hg vs(59 ±25)mm Hg,(66 ±25)mm Hg vs(55 ±23)mm Hg, P<0.05 or P<0.01] , but mean pulse pressure is lower than the very elderly groupf (11 ± 2)mm Hg vs(24 ±5)mm Hg, P<0.01]. Conclusions The DBP and heart rate in the very elderly patients are lower than those in the young patients, while isolated systolic hypertension is significantly higher in the very elderly patients than that in the young patients. The very elderly patients with hypertension should have antihypersive treatment and calcium antagonist as well as diuretic should be the first choices.     

营养支持对急性脑血管病患者预后的影响

目的 探讨营养支持对急性脑血管病患者预后的影响.方法 选择急性脑血管病住院患者98例,完全随机分为营养支持组(46例)及对照组(52例),分别测定患者入院时、入院后2周时CH、TC、血红蛋白、血清白蛋白情况,并对2组感染性并发症发生率及神经功能康复程度进行比较.结果 入院后2周对照组CH、TC、血清白蛋白、血红蛋白值明显低于营养支持组[(3.2±1.2)mol/L比(4.5±1.2)mol/L;(1.4±0.3)mol/L比(1.6±0.3)mol/L;(35±6)g/L比(38±5)g/L;(108±11)g/L比(120±9)g/L,P<0.01],各营养指标与入院时相比,亦明显下降(P<0.05).营养支持组肺感染、尿路感染的发生率低于对照组[10.8%(5/46)比12.2%(18/52);9.4%(4/46)比10.6%(16/52),P<0.05],神经功能康复程度好于对照组[(13.6±5.5)分比(8.1±4.1)分,P<0.01].结论 营养支持治疗可改善急性脑血管病患者的营养状况,减少并发症的发生,改善其预后.

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Objective To explore the effect of nutritional support on the prognosis of patients with acute cerebrovascular disease.Methods Ninety-eight cases of hospitalized patients with acute cerebrovascular disease were selected and divided into 46 cases of the nutritional support group and 52 cases of the control group,the condition of triglycefides,cholesterol,hemoglobin,serum albumin were contrasted when admission,2 weeks after admission and the incidence of infectious complications and the degree of neurological function recovery were compared between the two groups.Results Two weeks after admission,various nutritional indicators of the control group were significantly lower than the nutritional support group[(3.2±1.2)mmol/L vs(4.5±1.2)mo]/L;(1.43±0.31)mol/L vs(1.62±0.33)mol/L;(35±6)g/L vs(38±5)g/L;(108±11)g/L vs(120±9)g/L,P<0.01].The infection rate of pulmonary and urinary tract of the nutritional support group was lower than the control group[10.8%(5/46)vs 12.2%(18/52);9.4%(4/46)vs 10.6%(16/52),P<0.05];the degree of neurological function recovery was better than the control group[(13.6±5.5)scores vs(8.1±4.1)scores,P<0.01].Conclusion Early nutritional support can improve the nutfiture status of patients,reduce the incidence of complications and improve the prognosis.     

喉罩通气全身麻醉辅助臂丛神经阻滞在上肢手术中的应用

目的 探讨喉罩通气全身麻醉辅助臂丛神经阻滞在上肢手术中的应用.方法 择期行上肢骨折手术患者30例,完全随机分为2组,各15例:喉罩通气全麻辅助臂丛神经阻滞组(A组)和单纯喉罩通气全麻组(B组).A组先予1.6%利多卡因20～25 ml注入患侧肌间沟行臂丛神经阻滞.2组皆以芬太尼1μg/kg、异丙酚2.5 mg/kg诱导后置入喉罩.术中根据患者自主呼吸频率、心率和无创血压以及体动反应调整异氟醚吸人浓度.观察入室(T0)、诱导前(T1)、喉罩置入后3 min(T2)、切皮后1 min(T3)各时点心率、血压、血氧饱和度(SpO2)变化.比较术中潮气量、呼吸频率、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)、异氟醚呼气末浓度(ET)、异氟醚最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC)及维持芬太尼用量.记录术后疼痛程度.结果 T2和T3时点A组潮气量[(443.83±52.98)和(450.25±53.92)ml]明显高于B组[(219.00±53.24)和(301.44±60.48)ml,均P＜0.01].T3时点A组呼吸频率值[(12.00±0.74)次/min]明显低于B组[(15.11±3.76)次/min,P＜0.01],A组PETCO2[(41.5±4.34)mm Hg]低于B组[(46.22±5.73)mm Hg(P＜0.05)].T2时点A组异氟醚ET[(1.04±0.37)%]和异氟醚MAC[(0.97±0.33)%]显著低于B组(1.53±0.21)%和(1.44±0.14)%(P＜0.01).T3时点A组异氟醚ET[(1.12±0.24)%]和异氟醚MAC[(0.98±0.21)%]低于B组[(1.29±0.15)%和(1.13±0.12)%,P＜0.05].A组术后镇痛优于B组(P＜0.01).B组拔罩时有3例躁动、1例反流.结论 喉罩通气全麻辅助臂丛神经阻滞在上肢手术麻醉中能有效降低术中吸入麻醉剂浓度,减少术后并发症发生.

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Objective To evaluate the advantage of laryngeal mask airway(LMA) inspiration anesthesia combined with brachial plexus blockage (BPB) in upper limb orthopaedic surgeries. Methods Thirty patients were divided randomly into two groups (n = 15). In group A,LMA combined with BPB was adopted,while LMA was used only in group B. In group A,a dosage of 20-25 ml 1.6% lydocaine was adopted in BPB before indution. Then LMA was inserted by 1 μg/kg fentanyl and 2.5 mg/kg propofol. Isoflurane inhaled concentration and fentanyl dose was adjusted according to the change of spontaneous respiratory rate (RR),heart rate (HR),noninvasive blood pressure (SBP,DBP)and moving. The changes of HR,SBP,DBP and pulse blood oxygen saturation(SpO2) were observed at four time points when patients went into the operation room(T0),before induction(T1),3 minutes after LMA insertion(T2) and 1 minute after skin incision(T3). Ttide volume(TV),RR,end-tidal carbon dioxide(PET CO2),expiratory concentration(ET) of isoflurane,minimum alveolar concentration(MAC) of isoflurane and fentanyl dose were compared between two groups. The ache degree was recorded after operations. Results At T2 and T3,TV in group A was higher than that in group B(P ＜ 0.01). At T3,RR in group A (12 ± 0.74) bpm was apparently lower than that in group B (15.11 ± 3.76) bpm (P ＜ 0.01). PET CO2 in group A (41.5 ± 4.34) mm Hg was lower than that in group B(46.22 ±5.73)mm Hg(P＜0.05). At T2,ET of isoflurane(1.04 ±0.37)% and MAC of isoflurane(0.97 ±0.33)% in group A were significantly lower than ET of isoflurane(1.53 ±0.21)% and MAC of isoflurane(1.44 ± 0.14)% in group B(P ＜ 0.01). At T3,ET of isoflurane(1.12 ± 0.24) % and MAC of isoflurane (0.98 ± 0.21) % in group A were lower than ET of isoflurane (1.29 ± 0.15)% and MAC of isoflurane(1.13 ±0.12)% in group B (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion LMA combined with BPB can effectively degrade the anesthetic gases inhalation consistency during operations and reduce the incidence rate of postoperative complications.     

脱细胞真皮基质和聚丙烯补片修补大鼠腹壁疝的实验研究

目的 探讨复合消蚀法制备的脱细胞真皮基质(ADM)和聚丙烯补片(Marlex网)修补大鼠腹壁疝的应用价值.方法 用全厚猪皮制备ADM,选用SD雄性大鼠45只,完全随机分为腹壁疝组7只、Marlex网组10只和ADM组28只,观察3组术后1周时有无腹壁疝的发生,术后第5周Marlex网组和ADM组随机选取6只用于抗张力试验.结果 术后1周时,ADM组与Marlex网组腹壁疝发生率均明显低于腹壁疝组(分别为0.04%、0.00%、100.00%,P＜0.01),但ADM组与Marlex网组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).将单独ADM片与Marlex网行抗张力试验,Marlex网的抗张力远高于ADM[(417±44)N比(111±27)N,P＜0.01].但植入体内5周后,ADM-筋膜组织的抗张力高于Marlex-筋膜组织[(103±27)N比(71±19)N,P＜0.05].结论 复合消蚀法制备的ADM可能比聚丙烯补片更适合作为疝修补材料.

Abstract：

Objective To study the value of porcine acellular dermal matrix(ADM) made by complex maceration and Marlex mesh as ventral hernia-repairing material. Methods ADM was made from the full thick skin of the back of swines by complex maceration. The male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups including ventral hernia group(n =7), ADM group(the ventral hernia repaired by ADM, n =28) and Marlex mesh group (the ventral hernia repaired by Marlex mesh group, n = 10). The occurrence of ventral hernia was observed on postoperative 1 week. Six rats were respectively selected from the Marlex group and ADM group and tension resistance at 5weeks after surgery was observed. Results The occurrence of ventral hernia in ADM group and Marlex mesh group was significantly lower than that of ventral hernia group(0.04%, 0.0%, 100.0%, P ＜ 0. 01 ) in postoperative 1week, but there was no difference between ADM group and Marlex mesh group ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Marlex had a significantly higher breaking strength than ADM[(417 ±44)N vs( 111 ±27)N,P ＜0.01]. But 5 weeks after surgery, the tension resistance of ADM-fascial interface was higher than that of the Marlex-fascial [( 103 ± 27 ) N vs(71 ± 19 ) N,P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusion As a material of repairing ventral hernia, ADM prepared by the complex maceration may be superior to Marlex mesh.     

七氟烷与丙泊酚用于门诊宫腔镜手术麻醉的对比研究

目的 比较七氟烷吸入麻醉与丙泊酚静脉麻醉在门诊宫腔镜手术中的作用.方法 40例宫腔镜手术患者完全随机分为丙泊酚组和七氟烷组,每组各20例.患者入室后常规监测心率、平均动脉压、呼吸频率等,同时应用Narcotrend监测仪监测麻醉深度.2组均在麻醉前静脉注射舒芬太尼.丙泊酚组静脉注射丙泊酚麻醉诱导,术中麻醉维持采用丙泊酚恒速输注,维持麻醉深度在D2-E0.七氟烷组通过面罩吸入七氟烷诱导,术中以七氟烷维持麻醉深度在D2-E0.记录2组患者术前、术中、术毕即刻各项监测数据及不良反应.结果 七氟烷组和丙泊酚组患者麻醉深度至D:时平均动脉压较术前均下降[(74±2)mm Hg比(89±3)mm Hg;(68±2)mm Hg比(88±3)mm Hg,P<0.05,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa],2组麻醉深度至D2时平均动脉压相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).七氟烷组患者的苏醒时间明显短于丙?自酚组的[(3.1±0.4)min比(3.6±0.4)min,P<0.05];七氟烷组和丙泊酚组患者各项不良反应(躯体不自主运动、头晕、恶心)的发生率[3例(15.0%)比20.O%(4例),10.0%(2例)比15.O%(3例),15.0%(3例)比20.0%(4例)]差异均无统计学意义(P>O.05).结论 在门诊宫腔镜手术中七氟烷吸入麻醉与丙泊酚静脉麻醉相比,对循环的影响小,苏醒平稳、迅速.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the effect of sevoflurane aneshthesia and propofol aneshthesia in outpatient hysteroscopy.Methods Fourty women (ASA class Ⅰ-Ⅱ) undergoing hysteroscopy were randomly divided into propofol group(group P)and sevoflurane group(group S).Routine patient monitoring included heart rate, resplratory rate and non-invasive aterial pressure.All patients were given sufentany before the operation. In group P, patientshad intravenous induction and maintained with propofol to achieve a Narcotrend level of D2-E0.In group S,patients received sevoflurane for induction and maintenance to achieve a Narcotrend level of D2-E0.Hemodynamic date of mean atrial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),respiratory rate(RR);recovery time and adverse effect were recorded.Resuits When the depth of anesthesia reached the Narcotrend level of D2,mean arterial pressure Was decreased significantly in group S and group P.Mean arterial pressure in group P was decreased significantly during operation in group S(P<0.05).The recovery time was shorter in group S than that in group P[(3.1±0.4)min vs (3.6±0.4)min,P<0.05].The frequency of adverse events was similar between the two groups.Conclusion Sevoffurane anesthesia appears to be superior for outpatient hysteroscopic surgery to propofol anesthesia, with regards to recovery time from anesthesia and the hemodynamic stability.     

氨溴特罗口服液治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的临床观察

目的 观察氨溴特罗口服液治疗肺炎支原体肺炎的临床疗效.方法 106例哮喘患儿随机分为观察组52例和对照组54例,在静脉滴注红霉素的基础上观察组给予氨溴特罗口服液,对照组给予盐酸氨溴索糖浆.结果 观察组痊愈12例,有效16例,无效6例,总有效率88.5%(46例),对照组痊愈9例,显效17例,有效17例,总有效率79.6%(43例).观察组总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(X2=3.41,P＜0.01).观察组咳嗽、啰音消失时间、低氧血症纠正时间及住院天数较对照组明显缩短[分别为(10.3±3.6)d比(15.8±4.6)d、(3.8±1.9)d比(5.2±2.1)d、(2.5±0.7)d比(3.9±0.9)d、(10.8±4.8)d比(14.5±4.8)d,均P＜0.01].观察组治疗后较治疗前用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气量、呼气流量峰值、25%肺活量最大呼气流量和50%肺活量最大呼气流量明显改善,气道反应性明显减轻,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 氨溴特罗口服液能有效控制症状,降低气道高反应性,改善肺功能.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy of ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution for children with mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods Totally 106 cases of children with mycoplasma pneumonia were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Based on erythromycin, the observation group used ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution and the control group used the ambroxol. Results The total efficacy of observation group was higher than that of control group. Cough, rales disappearance time, hypoxemia recovery time and length of hospital stay in observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group[(10.3±3.6)d vs (15.8±4.6)d, (3.8±1.9)d vs (5.2±2.1)d, (2.5±0.7)d vs (3.9±0.9)d,(10. 8 ±4.8)d vs (14.5 ±4. 8)d, P＜0.01]. Pulmonary function parameters of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second, peak expiratory flow, maximal expiratory flow in 25% vital capacity (MEF25)and MEF50 were significantly decreased in observation group compared with control group (P＜0. 01). Conclusion Ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution can effectively control the symptoms, decrease degrade airway hyperresponsiveness and improve lung function.     

右美托咪定喷鼻对小儿室间隔缺损封堵术前镇静镇痛及术后躁动的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定(Dex)术前喷鼻在小儿室间隔缺损封堵术前镇静镇痛及术后躁动的影响.方法 择期行室间隔缺损封堵术的患儿共90例,年龄2～6岁,采用随机数字表法分成3组,每组30例.A、B和C组分别于麻醉诱导前30 min以咪达唑仑0.2 mg/kg、Dex 1.0μg/kg或2.0μg/kg喷鼻.记录3组基础值(T0)、给药后5 min(T1)、给药后15 min(T2)、给药后25min(T3)、麻醉诱导后10 min(T4)、手术开始后30min(T5)、术毕(T6)及术后30 min(T7)时的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)及脑电双频指数(BIS).于T0～3时对3组患儿进行警觉与镇静评分(OAA/S评分),记录3组患儿与家长分离时镇静情绪评分和静脉穿刺接受程度评分.记录3组患儿术后躁动评分及其他不良反应发生率.结果 与A组比较,C组T2～3时OAA/S评分[(5.6±0.7)vs.(4.5±0.9),F=24.43,P＜0.0001;(4.8±0.7)vs.(3.5±1.0),F=36.67,P＜0.0001]均降低,且T2～3、T6～7时HR、MAP及BIS均降低(P＜0.05).与A组和B组比较,C组患儿与家长分离时镇静情绪评分[(2.3±0.5)、(2.4±0.6)vs.(3.3±0.7),F=29.67,P＜ 0.000 1]及静脉穿刺接受程度评分[(1.9±0.6)、(2.1±0.7)vs.(3.2±0.8),F=35.19,P＜ 0.000 1]均升高,而麻醉诱导时间[(69.8±5.7)s、(72.3±6.8)s vs.(53.6±4.9)s,F=113.9,P＜0.000 1]、苏醒时间[(15.3±2.9)min、(13.5±2.6) min vs.(8.3±1.9) min,F=77.91,P＜0.000 1]和术后躁动评分[(2.9±0.7)、(3.1±0.6) vs.(1.6±0.7),F=56.92,P＜0.000 1;(2.3±0.6)、(2.5±0.7) vs.(1.5±0.6),F=26.53,P＜0.000 1;(2.1±0.4)、(2.3±0.5)vs.(1.3±0.3),F=64.13,P＜ 0.000 1]均减少.B组和C组患儿喷鼻刺激发生率均低于A组(0.0％、10.0％ vs.40.0％,x2=18.720,P＜ 0.000 1).结论 Dex (2.0μg/kg)术前喷鼻用于小儿室间隔缺损封堵术能提供更为满意的术前镇静效果,发挥较好的术后镇静和镇痛效应,并更有效地降低术后躁动的发生率.     

急性心肌梗死患者不同年龄阶段的临床特点分析

目的：探讨不同年龄阶段急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的危险因素和冠脉病变特点。方法序贯入选 AMI 患者250例,按年龄分成早发组、中老年组及高龄组。比较三组人群的临床特征和冠脉造影结果。结果三组的男性比例、吸烟率、腰围、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平、糖尿病率分别是95％ vs 80％ vs 52％（P ＜0．001）;84％ vs 72％ vs 35％（P ＜0．001）;（92．2±7．9）cm vs （89．6±9．6）vs （84．8±10．2）cm（P ＝0．03）;（3．5±1．4）vs （3．1±0．9）vs （2．8±0．80）mmol·L －1（P ＝0．04）;16．3％ vs 32．5％ vs 40．5％（P ＝0．04）。冠脉单支、双支和三支病变的比例在三组中分别为56．3％ vs 23．8％ vs 21．4％,12．5％ vs 40．5％ vs 14．3％,31．2％ vs 35．7％ vs 64．3％（P ＝0．04）。三组的冠脉内血栓抽吸率分别为44％,22．8％,6．9％（P＝0．005）。早发组和中老年组的心血管病家族史分别为16．7％和5％（P ＝0．02）。体重指数、高血压史、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、尿酸、血糖水平在三组间无明显统计学差异。结论早发 AMI 的主要危险因素是男性、吸烟、腹型肥胖、心血管病家族史以及 LDL-C。糖尿病是中老年后发生 AMI 的重要危险因素。早发 AMI 冠脉病变以单支为主,血栓负荷相对重,中老年以上的患者以多支病变为主,血栓负荷相对低。     

虫草素对高糖诱导脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡的保护作用研究

目的探讨虫草素对高糖环境下人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的保护作用及其机制。方法原代培养HUVECs,实验分为空白对照组、模型组、对照组、抑制剂A组、抑制剂B组、干预A组、干预B组和低、中、高浓度虫草素组。空白对照组给予正常糖浓度(5.5 mmol·L^-1);模型组给予40 mmol·L^-1高糖孵育48 h;对照组给予10μmol·L^-1白藜芦醇+高糖;低、中、高浓度虫草素组分别给予1,10,20μmol·L^-1虫草素+高糖;抑制剂A组给予1μmol·L^-1 CLI-095+高糖;抑制剂B组给予100 nmol·L^-1西罗莫司+高糖;干预A组给予1μmol·L^-1 CLI-095+20μmol·L^-1虫草素+高糖;干预B组给予100 nmol·L^-1西罗莫司+20μmol·L^-1虫草素+高糖。用5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷-酶联免疫吸附法检测光密度值观察细胞增殖能力,用Annexin V-异硫氰酸荧光素/碘化丙啶流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测沉默信息调节因子2同源蛋白1(SIRT1)mRNA的表达水平,用Western Blot检测SIRT1蛋白的表达水平。结果模型组、对照组和低、中、高浓度虫草素组以及干预A组、干预B组的增殖能力(光密度值)分别为(1.38±0.11),(1.86±0.06),(1.44±0.03),(1.60±0.05),(1.70±0.08),(1.85±0.04)和(1.85±0.06),细胞凋亡率分别为(6.72±1.00)%,(0.56±0.37)%,(3.86±0.16)%,(2.64±0.23)%,(2.16±0.15)%,(1.57±0.28)%和(0.86±0.20)%,SIRT1 mRNA表达相对倍数分别为(0.24±0.05),(2.97±0.41),(0.62±0.07),(1.37±0.18),(2.14±0.35),(3.45±0.76)和(3.02±0.79)。模型组、对照组、高浓度虫草素组、抑制剂B组和干预B组的SIRT1蛋白表达分别为(0.82±0.11),(1.14±0.29),(0.98±0.13),(0.74±0.19)和(1.30±0.20)。对照组和高浓度虫草素组的上述指标与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预A组和干预B组的细胞增殖力及SIRT1 mRNA表达水平与高浓度虫草素组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预B组细胞凋亡率与高浓度虫草素组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预B组SIRT1蛋白表达与抑制剂B组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论虫草素可能通过促进SIRT1表达,从而起到保护高糖损伤的内皮细胞作用。     

那格列奈对初诊2型糖尿病患者炎性反应状态的影响

目的探讨那格列奈治疗初诊2型糖尿病对患者炎性反应状态的影响。方法回顾性分析采用那格列奈治疗的74例初诊2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,观察患者治疗前、治疗后的空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后0．5h血糖（0．5hPG）、餐后1h血糖（1hPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、餐后0．5h胰岛素（0．5biNS）、餐后1h胰岛素（1bINS）、餐后2h胰岛素（2hlNS）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）及C反应蛋白（CRP）水平变化情况。结果治疗后,患者的FBG、0．5hPG、1hPG、2hPG、FINS、0．5hlNS、1hlNS、2bINS、IL-2及CRP分别为（8．0±1．5）mmol／L、（12．0±1．8）mmol／L、（10．2±1．3）mmol／L、（10．5±1．2）mmol／L、（168．2±11．5）pmol／L、（213．5±23．5）pmol／L、（197．0±21．5）pmol／L、（189．5±12．0）pmol／L、（14．0±1．5）斗g／／L、（13．5±1．5）mg／L,较治疗前的（10．5±1．0）mmol／L、（14．5±1．5）mmol／L、（12．5±1．4）rnmol／L、（11．6±2．0）mmol／L、（180．7±12．0）pmol／L、（229．8±26．0）pmol／L、（218．5±23．0）pmol／L、（197．0±14．5）pmol／L、（12．5±2．0）彬L、（22．8±2．0）mg／L均明显下降（t=11．9293、9．1785、10．3561、4．1115、6．4696、4．0009、5．8744、3．4279、5．2307、32．0006,均P〈0．05）,治疗过程中无严重不良反应发生。结论那格列奈治疗初诊2型糖尿病能够明显改善患者的炎性反应状态,且治疗过程中无严重不良反应。‘     

麝香保心丸治疗维持性血液透析患者无症状心肌缺血的疗效观察

目的 观察麝香保心丸治疗维持性血液透析患者无症状心肌缺血的临床疗效,探讨其作用机制.方法 78例维持性血液透析并发无症状心肌缺血患者按随机数字表法分为对照组(38例)和麝香保心丸组(40例).78例患者达到充分透析标准后,对照组给予常规治疗.麝香保心丸组在对照组治疗基础上加服麝香保心丸45 mg,3次/d;2组疗程均为2个月.2组治疗前后于透析前1天测量血压、心率,查血清肌酐、尿素氮、空腹血糖、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6和血常规,并于治疗前后透析前完成24h动态心电图监测,记录患者心肌缺血发作次数和心肌缺血持续时间.结果 ①治疗后麝香保心丸组和对照组患者血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平较治疗前均明显降低[(4.7±1.5)mg/L比(9.7±4.2)mg/L,(5.7±1.5)mg/L比(9.8±4.4) mg/L; (53±24) ng/L比(88±28) ng/L,(67±26) ng/L比( 89±27) ng/L,均P＜0.01];麝香保心丸组降低更明显,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).②治疗后麝香保心丸组和对照组患者无症状心肌缺血发作次数减少[(14.7±4.7)次/24 h比(22.8±7.8)次/24 h,(18.7±5.8)次/24 h比(23.5±6.9)次/24 h]、缺血持续时间明显缩短[(65.4±15.2) min比(128.1±37.3)min,(78.6±13.8)min比(131.1±35.4)min],麝香保心丸组改善更明显,2组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).③治疗后患者收缩压明显降低(P＜0.05),但2组之间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);舒张压、心率、血脂、空腹血糖、肌酐水平及贫血程度有所改善,但2组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 麝香保心丸治疗维持性血液透析患者无症状心肌缺血具有良好的临床疗效,机制可能与抑制炎症反应有关.     

心脏术后应激性高血糖患者糖代谢转归研究

目的 探讨心脏瓣膜或冠状动脉搭桥术后应激性高血糖患者术后3个月的糖代谢转归.方法 纳入95例无糖尿病且拟行心脏瓣膜或冠状动脉搭桥手术患者,分别于术前、术后3个月行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,测定术后第1天清晨随机静脉血浆血糖,根据应激性血糖值分为高血糖组和对照组,观察2组术后3个月糖代谢变化.结果 88例患者完成研究,其中39例纳入高血糖组,49例纳入对照组;高血糖组术前糖耐量减低患者较对照组多（62.2%比38.8%,P＜0.01）;术后3个月2组中共11例（12.5%）表现为糖尿病,和术前相比差异有统计学意义（12.5%比0,P＜0.01）且多发生在高血糖组（20.5%比6.1%,P＜0.01）.结论 应激性高血糖可能影响了患者术后3个月时的糖代谢变化,使术前糖调节受损的患者进展为糖尿病.     

高渗盐水对重症急性胰腺炎患者血流动力学及血清炎症因子水平的影响

目的 观察高渗盐水对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者的血流动力学及血清炎症因子水平的影响,为临床应用高渗盐水治疗SAP提供理论依据.方法 57例SAP患者完全随机分为对照组(28例)和高渗盐水组(29例).高渗盐水组患者入院后每天按4 ml/kg输入7.5％高渗盐水,对照组患者则在相同时段输入0.9％氯化钠溶液,余治疗相同.分别于入院时及治疗后1、3、7、14 d记录患者平均动脉压(MAP)、HR、中心静脉压(CVP)的变化;酶联免疫吸附法动态检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素10浓度,动态比浊法测定血清内毒素含量.结果 治疗后第1天和第7天,高渗盐水组MAP、CVP明显高于对照组[(130±48)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)比(104±43)mm Hg,( 129±36) mm Hg比(104±31) mm Hg;(8.39±2.91)cm H2O(1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa)比(5.92±2.84) cm H2O,(8.82±2.69) cm H2O比(6.41±3.10) cmH2O,P＜0.05],而治疗后第3天,高渗盐水组HR明显高于对照组[(98±19)次/min比(126±27)次/min,P＜0.05];治疗后第14天,高渗盐水组内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-10水平明显低于对照组[(2.70±0.13) ng/L比(3.25±0.30) ng/L,( 30.13±8.12) ng/L比(313.42±144.35) ng/L,( 586.45±14.54) ng/L比(412.72±48.55) ng/L,P＜0.01或P＜0.05].结论 高渗盐水可改善SAP患者的血流动力学状杰并能够抑制全身炎症反应,对SAP的治疗有积极的意义.     

曼月乐治疗子宫内膜异位症的效用分析

目的:探讨曼月乐对子宫内膜异位症的治疗效果。方法:选取98例我院在2015年12月—2018年12月收治的子宫内膜异位症患者进行研究,按照入院顺序分成对照组和观察组,各49例。对照组用妈富隆治疗,观察组用曼月乐治疗,比较两组治疗情况。结果:观察组疾病治疗总有效率高于对照组,不良反应发生率低于对照组(95.92%VS79.59%,6.12%VS22.45%)(P<0.05);两组治疗前疼痛程度、子宫内膜厚度、糖类抗原125水平对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组治疗后痛程度、子宫内膜厚度、糖类抗原125水平低于对照组[(4.98±1.09)分VS(5.72±1.32)分,(0.58±0.15)cmVS(0.68±0.16)cm,(59.34±1.81)U/mLVS(60.28±1.76)U/mL](P<0.05)。结论:在子宫内膜异位症的治疗中使用曼月乐,可提高治疗效果,缓解疼痛感,降低不良反应发生风险,推广应用价值高。     

螺旋CT肝脏血管成像质量影响因素探讨

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCTA）肝脏血管成像的显影参数及图像质量影响因素。方法分析80例健康者和90例肝硬化患者的肝脏血管成像技术参数，分别测量腹主动脉（AA）、门静脉（PV）、肝实质（L）的CT值，比较不同注射速率下AA、PV、L、PV—L的峰值、达峰值时间、域值、延迟时间及图象质量。结果不同注射速率（2．5ml／s、3．5ml／8、4．5ml／s）下各时间点：AA最大峰值[（223．9±16．7）Hu、（273．3±12．7）Hu、（301．3±14．6）Hu]高于PV—L[（65．1±9．5）Hu、（83．7±17．9）Hu、（96．5±15．6）Hu]（均P〈0．01）；AA达峰值时间[（46．6±3．8）s、（36．2±6．5）s、（31．4±5．8）s]低于PV-L[（56．6±4．2）s、（49．6±5．0）s、（41．6±5．8）s]（均P〈0．05）；在MSCTA图像上，注射速率4．5ml／s组显示（肝动脉：A级15例、B级4例、C级1例、D级0例，门静脉：A级15例、B级4例、C级1例）明显高于2．5ml／8组（肝动脉：A级4例、B级5例、C级10例、D级3例，门静脉：A级2例、B级12例、C级6例）（均P〈0．01）；肝硬化组的最佳预设阔值180～220Hu高于正常组150～180Hu（P〈0．05）。结论注射速率可影响MSCTA肝脏血管成像质量，健康者和肝硬化患者的MSCTA技术参数不同。     

β-蜕皮甾酮对高糖诱导的大鼠成骨细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的影响

目的探讨β-蜕皮甾酮对高糖诱导的大鼠成骨细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的影响及分子机制。方法将大鼠成骨细胞随机分为空白组(5.5 mmol·L-1葡萄糖)、模型组(25 mmol·L-1葡萄糖)、低、中、高剂量实验组(1,5,25μmol·L-1β-蜕皮甾酮+25 mmol·L-1葡萄糖)、p38 MAPK激活组(10μmol·L-1 anisomycin+25μmol·L-1β-蜕皮甾酮+25 mmol·L-1葡萄糖)、阴性对照组(与anisomycin等量的PBS+25μmol·L-1β-蜕皮甾酮+25 mmol·L-1葡萄糖)。细胞计数试剂盒8(CCK-8)检测细胞活性;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况;用蛋白质印迹法检测Run相关基因2(RunX2)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨钙素(OCN)和磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p-p38 MAPK)蛋白表达。结果空白组、模型组、低、中、高剂量实验组、阴性对照组、p38 MAPK激活组大鼠成骨细胞活性分别为(102.41±5.34)%,(68.57±5.25)%,(75.36±7.06)%,(79.13±8.24)%,(83.20±8.89)%,(83.17±8.93)%,(71.11±6.16)%;细胞凋亡率分别为(4.23±0.56)%,(18.57±1.96)%,(13.08±1.34)%,(10.30±0.95)%,(8.25±1.08)%,(8.36±1.12)%,(16.48±1.56)%;RunX2蛋白表达水平分别为0.81±0.07,0.31±0.04,0.45±0.06,0.55±0.04,0.61±0.08,0.63±0.07,0.41±0.05;ALP蛋白表达水平分别为0.75±0.08,0.38±0.05,0.49±0.07,0.59±0.05,0.65±0.08,0.68±0.07,0.44±0.06;OCN蛋白表达水平分别为0.69±0.05,0.28±0.03,0.34±0.05,0.47±0.04,0.45±0.05,0.46±0.05,0.31±0.04;p-p38 MAPK蛋白表达水平分别为0.22±0.04,0.84±0.09,0.59±0.06,0.41±0.04,0.32±0.04,0.32±0.07,0.74±0.07;模型组与空白组相比,低、中、高剂量实验组与模型组相比,p38 MAPK激活组与阴性对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论β-蜕皮甾酮可能通过抑制p38 MAPK信号通路促进大鼠成骨细胞增殖、分化,抑制细胞凋亡。