咳嗽变异性哮喘临床特征及诊断初步研究

目的深入研究咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）患者的临床特征以及治疗反应对临床诊断的意义,提高对CVA的诊治水平。方法 2009年10月到2010年8月期间在第三军医大学新桥医院门诊及涪陵中心医院就诊诊断为慢性咳嗽,并且支气管激发试验阳性拟诊为CVA的患者,记录其咳嗽的临床特点、伴随症状和咽部体征。并给予沙美特罗/氟替卡松干粉剂50/100μg,2次/d吸入,1-2周后门诊或电话随访,评价疗效和确定诊断。结果共46例患者入选本试验,41例完成随访研究。CVA患者大多数有夜间咳嗽（87.9%）和咽部瘙痒等症状（87.9%）,近半数患者咳嗽剧烈,干咳患者仅占39.0%,45.5%合并鼻炎或鼻窦炎。治疗有效率为80.5%（33/41）。治疗无效组与有效组患者的临床特征比较,显示两组患者夜间咳嗽情况和咽部阳性症状的比例无明显差异,但治疗无效组患者伴随的胃病或反流症状,清喉和咽部体征有明显高于有效组患者的趋势。结论夜间咳嗽和咽部瘙痒等是大多数CVA具有的症状特点,气道反应性测定和抗哮喘治疗反应是确诊CVA的主要依据。对抗哮喘治疗无效的患者,还需要深入研究影响疗效的原因,不宜简单地排除CVA诊断。     

诱导痰技术诊断咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床价值

咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）是指以咳嗽为主要临床症状的哮喘,目前对其研究多集中在临床表现、肺功能情况和非特异性气道反应及治疗方案等方面。2002年6月-2004年2月,我们采用诱导痰技术对42例可疑CVA患者的痰液进行分析,以探讨其在CVA诊断中的作用。     

老年咳嗽变异型哮喘的临床探讨

咳嗽变异型哮喘(CVA)以慢性咳嗽为主要临床表现,是哮喘的一种潜在形式、或哮喘的一种临床表现[1],临床上主要表现为持续咳嗽或反复发作咳嗽超过一个月,常伴夜间或清晨发作性咳嗽,痰少,运动后加重,由于没有喘息,不易被临床医师认识而诊为支气管炎或肺炎,导致误诊或误治,尤其是老年CVA,延误诊治的现象更突出,类似文献报道较少,为加强对老年CVA的认识,提高其诊断和治疗水平,现将我院2002年1月～2007年10月收治的32例患者的临床特点分析如下.     

咳嗽变异型哮喘42例临床分析

回顾性分析42例咳嗽变异型哮喘(CVA)患者的临床资料,探讨CVA的临床特点及诊断治疗.结果 显示,持续或反复咳嗽为惟一表现,或伴有胸闷、或伴少许白痰,呈刺激性、阵发性剧烈咳嗽,以夜间尤其是后半夜发作明显,双肺均无干湿性罗音,胸部X线检查均无异常,经抗皮质激素、支气管扩张剂治疗,均获得显著疗效.认为CVA是慢性咳嗽常见病因,症状不典型,临床上对顽固性咳嗽,在排除其他器质性疾病后首先考虑CVA,肾上腺糖皮质激素及支气管扩张剂治疗有效.     

支气管舒张试验在老年咳嗽变异型哮喘的应用

咳嗽变异型哮喘 (CVA)又名变异型哮喘 ,隐匿型哮喘 ,是一种近几年所认识的哮喘特殊类型 ,以顽固性的咳嗽为主要表现 ,常被误诊为慢性支气管炎 ,诊断往往较困难。本文旨在探讨肺通气功能和支气管舒张试验对 CVA的诊断价值。1　资料与方法1.1　 一般资料　 4 0例老年 CVA患者 (CVA组 ) ,男 2 8例 ,女12例 ,年龄 6 5～ 84岁 (平均 72 .5岁 )。均有无明显诱因以干咳为主的咳嗽 ,有夜间或凌晨的阵发性咳嗽 ,发病时间 1个月～ 3年。 X线胸片和五官科检查无异常发现 ,经抗炎止咳治疗无明显疗效。 30例慢性支气管炎患者 ,经临床询问病史、体检…     

咳嗽变异型哮喘31例临床分析

目的 探讨咳嗽变异型哮喘(cough variation asthma,CVA)的诊治特点.方法 对诊断明确的31例患者进行回顾性分析.结果 CVA主要症状为慢性咳嗽,80.6％表现为夜间刺激性咳嗽(25例),83.9％有季节性加重(26例),其中,84.6％表现为夏秋季节加重(22例);12.9％合并胃食管反流性咳嗽(GERC)(4例),70.9％合并变应性鼻炎(22例),12.9％合并鼻窦炎(4例).其主要治疗方法同哮喘,58.1％患者(18例)咳嗽症状在治疗10天后有部分改善,但完全缓解则需吸入糖皮质激素60天以上.结论 了解CVA的临床特点可以提高诊断和治疗效率.     

支气管激发试验在慢性咳嗽病因诊断中的运用价值

目的 探讨支气管激发试验(bronchial provocation test,BPT)在慢性咳嗽及咳嗽变异型哮喘(cough variant asthma,CVA)诊断中的应用价值.方法 对1 155例慢性咳嗽患者进行乙酰甲胆碱BPT,检测其气道高反应性.结果 1 155例慢性咳嗽患者中,各年龄组肺功能参数比较差异无统计学意义.BPT阳性584例,阴性571例,阳件率50.6%.确诊为CVA 547例;其余37例BPt阳性慢性咳嗽患者中25例为感染后咳嗽,12例为慢性支气管炎.BPT诊断CVA的特异度为93.6%.小于30岁年龄组CVA比例最高,占慢性咳嗽68.8%;≥60岁组CVA百分比最低,为23.5%.结论 CVA足慢性咳嗽的主要病因,对不明原因的慢性咳嗽患者应及时进行BPT,有助于早期明确诊断并施以正确治疗.     

青岛市亚急性、慢性咳嗽中咳嗽变异性哮喘的发病率及相关因素分析

目的调查青岛市亚急性、慢性咳嗽中咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)的发病率及相关因素,对其进行分析。方法选取2013年7月至2014年6月期间诊断亚急性及慢性咳嗽,胸片无异常的患者504例作为研究对象,回顾性分析所有研究对象的病史、检查及诊断结果,分析CVA的发病率及发病相关因素。结果青岛市亚急性、慢性咳嗽最常见原因均为CVA,CVA与过敏性鼻炎、哮喘家族史、个人过敏史、宠物相关(P0.05),CVA患者中男女发病率差异无统计学差异,男性CVA患者中13-30岁患病率较高,女性CVA患者中46-60岁患病率较高。结论 CVA是青岛市亚急性、慢性咳嗽最常见原因,临床医师应加强对本病的认识,早期诊断,规范治疗。     

咳嗽变异性哮喘诊断和治疗新认识

咳嗽变异性哮喘(cough variant asthma,CVA)是一种特殊类型的支气管哮喘(简称哮喘),咳嗽是其惟一或主要临床表现,无明显喘息、气促等症状或体征,但有气道高反应性.1972年Glauser[1]首先对CVA进行了描述,认为存在一组以咳嗽为主要表现的哮喘患者.文献报道CVA在欧美可占慢性咳嗽病因构成的24％～29％[2],在日本是慢性咳嗽的首位病因(44％)[3],国内研究报道CVA可占慢性咳嗽病因构成的14％～33％[4-5].中华医学会呼吸病学分会制定了咳嗽的诊断与治疗指南[6],对慢性咳嗽的规范化诊治起到了重要的推动作用.下面就近年来在CVA诊断和治疗方面的新认识进行概述.     

咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床特征及其与典型哮喘的关系

目的分析成年咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）患者的临床特征及其发展为哮喘的情况,探讨CVA进展为哮喘的危险因素。方法收集2002年1月至2010年1月于广州呼吸疾病研究所门诊就诊的CVA患者,记录患者的基本临床资料,包括咳嗽时相、咳嗽性质、诱发因素、伴随症状、过敏史、随访情况等。并行肺功能、支气管激发试验/PEF检测、诱导痰细胞学分类、皮肤过敏原点刺试验等检查。所有入选患者年龄≥18岁、符合我国《咳嗽的诊断与治疗指南》中CVA的诊断标准。同时给予规律吸入中等剂量的布地奈德或等效剂量的吸入激素,至少治疗8周。通过门诊及电话随访,若患者出现胸闷、喘息等典型哮喘症状或出现哮鸣音则确认其进展为哮喘,分为单纯CVA组和发展为典型哮喘组（哮喘组）;比较两组患者一般资料及实验室检查情况。结果 91例CVA患者咳嗽时相以夜间或清晨为主的发生率为74.7%,伴变应性鼻炎病史的比例为46.2%;咳嗽的主要诱发因素包括：烟雾63.5%、冷空气51.4%、上呼吸道感染47.3%、灰尘37.8%、咽喉发痒36.5%;CVA患者有74.7%诱导痰中嗜酸粒细胞（EOS）比例〉2.5%。58例患者平均随访4.2（1~8.5）年,其中8例患者（8/58,13.8%）进展为典型哮喘,单纯CVA组患者使用吸入激素时间显著长于哮喘组[12（20）周vs 6（4）周,P〈0.05],8例哮喘组患者中仅1例规律吸入激素12周以上,而其他50例单纯CVA患者中有33例规律吸入激素大于12周,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。单纯CVA组各项肺功能指标、痰EOS%、外周血EOS%、皮肤过敏原点刺试验阳性率与哮喘组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 CVA主要以夜间或清晨咳嗽为临床特征,并有近一半患者合并过敏性鼻炎,长期规范吸入激素治疗可减少CVA患者进展为典型哮喘。     

咳嗽变异性哮喘临床分析

目的探讨咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)的临床特征及诊治措施,以提高其诊断率,减少误诊误治。方法回顾性分析54例CVA患者的临床资料及治疗方法。结果本组病例均以慢性咳嗽为主要症状,临床表现不典型,误诊率高,确诊后经吸入糖皮质激素和β2-受体激动剂治疗有显效。结论 CVA是一种特殊类型的哮喘,临床表现不典型,极易被误诊,应提高对该病的认识,尽可能早期诊断,并给予规律治疗。     

慢性咳嗽87例分析 A3002

目的探讨慢性咳嗽病因。方法采用中华医学会呼吸病学分会制订的《咳嗽的诊断与治疗指南》中慢性咳嗽病因诊断流程,对2008年6月至2010年6月在我所就诊并确诊的87例X线胸片无明显异常的慢性咳嗽患者的临床资料进行研究。结果 87例慢性咳嗽患者中,检查确诊,咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)45例,占51.7%;鼻后滴注综合征(PNDS)12例,占13.8%;嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎(EB)7例,占8.0%。食管反流疾病(GERC)3例,占3.4%;ACEI类降压药致咳2例,占2.3%;支气管炎11例,占12.6%;支气管内膜结核6例占6.9%;心因性咳嗽1例,占1.1%。结论慢性咳嗽是呼吸系统常见症状,病因复杂,涉及多个临床学科,应作好诊断及鉴别诊断。     

咳嗽变异性哮喘与气道重塑

咳嗽变异性哮喘（coughvariantasthma,CVA）是指以慢性咳嗽为主要或唯一症状的一种特殊类型哮喘,其病理生理改变与典型哮喘相同,若未及时诊治,约30％～40％可发展成为典型哮喘。气道炎细胞浸润和气道重塑是CVA的病理基础。CVA可称之为一种隐匿性哮喘,常被临床医师所忽略,患者失去正确的诊断与治疗。正确认识CVA的病理生理特征,对临床诊断和治疗具有重要的指导意义,可降低典型哮喘的发病率。本文就CVA与气道炎性反应和气道重塑的关系作一综述。     

The Efficacy of Montelukast and Airway Mast Cell Profiles in Patients with Cough Variant Asthma

Background. Cough variant asthma (CVA) is characterized by chronic cough without apparent wheezing; its pathophysiology is considered to be similar to that of classic asthma. Objective. The clinical effects of montelukast, a cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist, on cough variant asthma were assessed, and the activation profile of airway mast cells was examined. Methods. Montelukast (10 mg/day) was given orally to 36 CVA patients (25 women and 11 men; median age, 37.5 years). Before treatment, the patients' bronchial mucosa underwent a biopsy with a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The biopsy specimens were double stained with anti-CD63 antibody and anti-human tryptase antibody. Results. After 2 weeks of montelukast treatment, cough symptoms improved in 22 patients (the effective group) but did not improve in 14 patients (the ineffective group); in the ineffective group, the symptoms disappeared 2 weeks after they were switched to fluticasone propionate (400 μg/day) inhalation therapy. In the effective group, the time interval from the onset of symptoms to the initiation of treatment was significantly shorter than in the ineffective group. The bronchial mucosa biopsy specimens showed that the proportion of CD63-positive cells in tryptase-positive mast cells was significantly higher in the effective group than in the ineffective group; although the total numbers of mast cells were not different between the two groups. Conclusion. There is a subgroup of CVA patients in whom leukotrienes are closely involved in the pathogenesis of their chronic cough; activation of airway mast cells may be an essential feature in these patients.     

Eosinophilic airway disorders associated with chronic cough

Chronic cough is a major clinical problem. The causes of chronic cough can be categorized into eosinophilic and noneosinophilic disorders, the former being comprised of asthma, cough variant asthma (CVA), atopic cough (AC) and non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB).Cough is one of the major symptoms of asthma. Cough in asthma can be classified into three categories; 1) CVA: asthma presenting solely with coughing, 2) cough-predominant asthma: asthma predominantly presenting with coughing but also with dyspnea and/or wheezing, and 3) cough remaining after treatment with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and β2-agonists in patients with classical asthma, despite control of other symptoms. There may be two subtypes in the last category; one is cough responsive to anti-mediator drugs such as leukotriene receptor antagonists and histamine H1 receptor antagonists, and the other is cough due to co-morbid conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux.CVA is one of the commonest causes of chronic isolated cough. It shares a number of pathophysiological features with classical asthma with wheezing such as atopy, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophilic airway inflammation and various features of airway remodeling. One third of adult patients may develop wheezing and progress to classical asthma. As established in classical asthma, ICS is considered the first-line treatment, which improves cough and may also reduce the risk of progression to classical asthma.AC proposed by Fujimura et al. presents with bronchodilator-resistant dry cough associated with an atopic constitution. It involves eosinophilic tracheobronchitis and cough hypersensitivity and responds to ICS treatment, while lacking in AHR and variable airflow obstruction. These features are shared by non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB). However, atopic cough does not involve bronchoalveolar eosinophilia, has no evidence of airway remodeling, and rarely progresses to classical asthma, unlike CVA and NAEB. Histamine H1 antagonists are effective in atopic cough, but their efficacy in NAEB is unknown. AHR of NAEB may improve with ICS within the normal range. Taken together, NAEB significantly overlaps with atopic cough, but might also include milder cases of CVA with very modest AHR. The similarity and difference of these related entities presenting with chronic cough and characterized by airway eosinophilia will be discussed.     

咳嗽变异型哮喘42例分析

目的探讨咳嗽变异型哮喘的诊断和治疗情况。方法回顾性研究42例咳嗽变异型哮喘患者的的临床特点，诊疗方法和治疗效果。结果主要症状为慢性干咳，支气管扩张剂与糖皮质激素能有效治疗，39例患者在治疗在治疗1周内症状缓解。结论该病易误诊，正确的诊断和激素治疗有利于预后。     

Prevalence and clinical features of cough variant asthma in a general internal medicine outpatient clinic in Japan

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were to examine the prevalence and clinical features of cough variant asthma (CVA) among patients with chronic and persistent cough at an outpatient clinic in Japan, and the efficacy of treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid. METHODOLOGY: This prospective study was conducted at a general internal medicine outpatient clinic in Japan over a 12-month period. CVA was diagnosed as chronic cough without wheezing or any apparent cause, that had persisted for more than 8 weeks, with a normal CXR and spirometry but with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, and relief of cough after bronchodilator treatment. We also examined the effects of inhaled beclomethasone propionate on symptoms and differences in PEF between early morning and evening. RESULTS: Of 55 patients suffering from chronic cough, 23 satisfied the criteria for CVA. Their cough occurred more frequently at night and early in the morning. Early morning PEF was significantly lower than evening PEF with a mean variability of 11.5 +/- 4.1%. Treatment with beclomethasone propionate improved coughing and significantly increased early morning PEF, reducing variability to less than 10%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CVA is most common among patients with chronic cough not due to any apparent cause. The efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid suggests that early intervention is effective in the treatment of CVA.