脑卒中急性期抑郁患者甲状腺功能变化的临床研究

目的　探讨脑卒中急性期抑郁患者甲状腺功能的变化。方法　对 10 9例急性脑卒中患者进行分组 (卒中后无抑郁组 6 6例和卒中后抑郁组 4 3例 )。收集两组发病第 2天及第 14天两次空腹血清 ,采用化学发光法进行甲状腺功能测定 ,并与 4 0例正常健康体检者 (对照组 )进行比较。结果　第 2天甲状腺功能变化情况 :卒中后抑郁组和卒中后无抑郁组比对照组血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (FT3)水平明显下降 ,而血清游离甲状腺素 (FT4 )水平显著增高 ,卒中后抑郁组比卒中后无抑郁组的变化程度更显著 ;卒中后无抑郁组血清促甲状腺素 (TSH)水平比对照组显著增高 ,但卒中后抑郁组TSH水平升高不明显。第 14天甲状腺功能变化情况 :卒中后无抑郁组FT3、FT4 、TSH均恢复接近正常 ,与对照组比较无差异 ;卒中后抑郁组FT3、FT4 虽有恢复但不明显 ,与对照组比较有显著差异 ;3组的TSH水平比较均无差异。结论　脑卒中患者甲状腺功能发生变化 ,而卒中后抑郁患者比无抑郁患者FT3、FT4 变化更明显 ,且恢复慢。     

脑卒中后抑郁的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能变化的研究

目的　探讨脑卒中后抑郁的下丘脑 垂体 肾上腺轴 (HPA轴 )功能的变化。方法　选择 70例急性脑卒中患者 ,经流调中心用抑郁量表 (CES D)筛选 ,按精神障碍诊断统计手册第四版 (DSM Ⅳ )标准确定脑卒中后抑郁诊断 ,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)评定病情程度 ,分为卒中后抑郁组、卒中后无抑郁组并设正常对照组 ,于脑卒中后两周测定血浆基础皮质醇含量 ,进行地塞米松抑制试验 (DST)。结果　脑卒中后抑郁患者血浆皮质醇含量增加 ,地塞米松抑制试验阳性率显著高于卒中后无抑郁组及正常对照组 ,而且神经功能缺损程度也明显比卒中后无抑郁组严重。结论　脑卒中后抑郁存在HPA轴功能异常。DST可以反映脑卒中患者HPA轴的异常及神经功能缺损程度 ,尤其对于脑卒中后抑郁的早期诊断具有重要价值。     

首发单一病灶脑卒中后抑郁患者氧化应激的研究

目的 探讨氧化应激在首发单一病灶脑卒中后抑郁患者的可能致病机制.方法 (1)将患者分为卒中后抑郁组和非抑郁组,分别行汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分及SOD、MDA、P-LPO、P-VitC、P-NO的检验.(2)卒中后抑郁组按抑郁程度又分为轻、中、重度抑郁患者,并比较它们之间的SOD值和MDA值.结果 (1)卒中后抑郁组SOD、P-LPO、P-NO值较非抑郁组增高,MDA、P-VitC值较非抑郁组低;(2)重度抑郁患者SOD值高于轻、中度抑郁患者(P<0.05),而MDA值低于轻、中度抑郁患者(P<0.05).结论 (1)氧化应激效应可能参与了卒中后抑郁的发病机理;(2)重度抑郁组可能存在更剧烈的氧化应激反应.     

老年卒中后抑郁与非抑郁患者人格特征分析

目的调查卒中后抑郁的影响因素、临床结局及采用明尼苏达多相人格测验研究老年卒中后抑郁患者的心理特征。方法对160例老年卒中患者进行回顾性病例对照研究,根据有无卒中后抑郁分为2组,采用logistic回归分析卒中后抑郁的影响因素,并统计分析卒中后抑郁患者的人格特征。结果抑郁人格、疑病人格、精神衰弱人格量表分值差异显著(P0.05);疑病分值、抑郁分值与老年卒中后抑郁呈正相关;配偶支持、卒中部位、简易智能评分量表分值和美国国立卫生研究院卒中评分量表分值与老年卒中后抑郁发生相关。老年卒中后抑郁组卒中后30 d Bathel生活能力评分比对照组显著降低(P0.05),30 dRankin评分0-1级抑郁组人数显著减少(P0.001)。结论老年卒中后抑郁患者人格以抑郁人格、疑病人格、精神衰弱人格为主;缺乏配偶支持、前循环病变、认知障碍和卒中严重的患者更易发生老年卒中后抑郁;老年卒中后抑郁的发生延长平均住院时间、影响卒中的临床康复。     

卒中后抑郁的中医研究进展

近年来卒中后抑郁(PSD)发病率逐年上升,卒中后抑郁不仅会降低病人生活质量,且将大大阻碍康复进程。因此对卒中后抑郁进行及时干预和治疗,对病人的康复将起到至关重要的作用。本文针对卒中后抑郁近年来中医研究进展做简要综述。     

卒中后抑郁的危险因素

根据 JAMA Psychiatry 发表的一项研究,卒中发病后最初3 个月内发生抑郁的风险较对照人群增高8 倍. 丹麦哥本哈根大学的Osler 等使用来自7 个丹麦全国注册系统的数据对卒中患者与对照人群的抑郁风险、危险因素以及抑郁对死亡的影响进行了对照研究. 在135417 例卒中患者中,34346 例(25.4%)在卒中发病后2 年内诊断为抑郁,其中超过半数(17690 例) 在卒中发病后最初3 个月内出现. 相比之下,在145499 名无卒中的对照人群中,11330 例(7.8%)在进入研究后2 年内诊断为抑郁,其中不足1/4(2449 例)在最初3 个月内出现. 在卒中发病后最初3 个月内,患者的抑郁风险比无卒中的对照人群增高8 倍.     

理气法治疗卒中后抑郁的研究进展

卒中后抑郁(PSD)是卒中后常见的并发症,其症状通常为情志方面的表现,这严重影响了病人神经功能的恢复,也对病人卒中后的康复治疗造成了很大的影响。目前中医药治疗卒中后抑郁有较好的疗效,对近年来用理气法治疗卒中后抑郁的研究进行综述。     

无心房颤动的缺血性卒中患者抑郁状态与血管危险因素的关系

目的:探讨无心房颤动的缺血性卒中患者抑郁状态与血管危险因素之间的关系。方法:对59例无心房颤动的缺血性卒中患者随访12-18个月(平均13个月),采用24项Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD)对患者进行评分,得分<8分为无抑郁症状,8-17分为抑郁状态,>17分为抑郁。收集患者单项血管危险因素、血管危险因素总数以及三项血管危险因素数目之和(高血压、心脏病及糖尿病),分析卒中后抑郁与血管危险因素的关系。结果:抑郁的发生与心脏病家族史、既往卒中史以及三项血管危险因素数目之和有关(P<0.05)。结论:无心房颤动的缺血性卒中患者卒中后抑郁的发生与血管危险因素有关,但相关性不强。     

老年卒中后抑郁患者血浆DPP4和8-iso-PGF2α水平的变化及其临床意义

目的 探究血浆二肽基肽酶4 (DPP4)与8-异前列腺素F2α(8-iso-PGF2α)水平在老年卒中后抑郁患者中的变化情况及其测定价值.方法 前瞻性选择2019年8月-2021年4月于中国解放军联勤保障部队第904医院常州医疗区收治的102例脑卒中患者,根据卒中后抑郁发生情况分为卒中后术抑郁组[汉密尔顿抑郁评分量表(...     

血浆神经递质与出血性卒中急性期抑郁相关性研究

目的 探索血浆神经递质与出血性卒中急性期抑郁相关性.方法 从连续住院急性卒中患者中筛选研究对象.在入院第2天取空腹血样,液相色谱-高分辨质谱测定血浆神经递质.在发病后2周根据第四版美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册诊断抑郁.在卒中发病后1年随访改良神经功能评分(mRS).Pearson相关分析血清神经递质浓度与汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)-17项评分相关性.logistic回归分析神经递质浓度与抑郁和卒中后1年结局关系.结果 181例患者纳入本研究.伴抑郁的出血性卒中患者γ氨基丁酸(GABA)显著降低[6.1(5.0,8.2)μg/L比8.1(6.3,14.7)μg/L,P＜0.05],谷氨酸(GAA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)差异无统计学意义.GABA浓度与HAMD-17评分呈负相关(r=-0.131,P＜0.05);GABA每增加1μg/L,出血性卒中急性期抑郁患病风险降低5.6％(OR0.944,95％ CI0.893～0.997).GAA每增加1μg/L,卒中后1年不良结局风险增加0.1％,但显著水平处于边缘状态(OR 1.001,95％CI 1.000 ～ 1.002).结论 脑出血急性期血浆GABA降低者,发生抑郁的风险增加,该递质可能对出血性卒中后抑郁发生具有保护作用.GAA浓度升高可能会增加卒中后1年不良结局风险.     

卒中后失语患者抑郁问卷(医院版)在卒中后失语患者中应用的信度和效度检验

目的 建立标准化的中文版卒中后失语患者抑郁问卷(医院版)(Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire Hospital Version,SADQ-H),并评价其在卒中后失语患者中应用的信度和效度.方法 在取得英文版卒中后失语患者抑郁问卷原作者授权同意书后,将SADQ-H修订成中文版本;以符合纳入标准的住院卒中后失语患者为试验组,以卒中后非失语患者为对照组;经过汉语失语检查法(Aphasia Battery of Chinese,ABC)评测,将试验组再分为听理解障碍组和非听理解障碍组;由经过培训的医护人员对所有患者进行SADQ-H评测,非听理解障碍组同时行Hamilton抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale,HAMD)和Beck抑郁问卷(Beck Depression Iventory,BDI)检查;部分患者1周后复测SADQ-H.结果 信度检验显示,重测信度为0.840,内部一致性检验Cronbach α系数为0.787;效度检验显示,效标效度为0.590(以HAMD为效标)和0.495(以BDI为效标),结构效度的因素累积方差贡献率为77.123%,区分效度为2.078.结论 SADQ-H中文修订版具有良好的信度和效度,可作为中国卒中后失语患者抑郁情绪评定的有效工具.     

两条目患者健康问卷抑郁量表在卒中后抑郁筛查中的应用

目的探讨两条目患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-2)在卒中后抑郁(PSD)筛查中的应用价值。方法选取286例卒中后3～6个月的患者为研究对象。以中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)为诊断PSD的标准,评估PHQ-2(≥3分)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD,≥8分)诊断PSD的效能。结果①以CCMD-3为诊断标准,286例卒中患者中,PSD85例(发生率为29.7%),其中PHQ-2诊断PSD75例(26.2%),HAMD诊断PSD71例(24.8%)。②PHQ-2和HAMD量表诊断PSD的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积分别为0.827和0.838。③以CCMD-3为标准,PHQ-2诊断PSD的灵敏度为88.2%、特异度为77.1%、假阳性率为22.9%、假阴性率为11.8%、阳性预测值为88.2%、阴性预测值为77.1%、诊断符合率为80.4%。HAMD量表诊断PSD的上述指标分别为83.5%、84.1%、15.9%、16.5%、83.5%、84.1%、83.9%。结论 PHQ-2具有较好筛检价值,是早期发现卒中后抑郁患者简单、快速的筛查工具。     

Self-rated depression scales and screening for major depression in the older hospitalized patient with medical illness

Until now, no self-rated depression scale had been validated as a screening measure for major depression in the older patient hospitalized with medical illness. The present report establishes the validity of two brief, easily administered depression screening tests, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Brief Carroll Depression Rating Scale (BCDRS), in this population. Structured psychiatric interviews were performed and self-rated depression measures administered to 128 men, aged 70 and over, consecutively admitted to medical and neurological services of a VA hospital. The GDS and BCDRS were both shown to have high sensitivity and specificity for detecting major depression in this setting. Optimal cut-off scores determined by the receiver operating curve characteristics of these tests were 11 for the GDS and 6 for the BCDRS. At a cutoff score of 11, the GDS had a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 89%, and a negative predictive value of 99%; lowering the break point to 8 did not increase sensitivity. At a cutoff score of 6, the BCDRS achieved a 100% sensitivity, 93% specificity, and 100% negative predictive value. Whether clinicians decide to implement either of these depression screens in their practice will depend to a large degree on the importance ascribed to the detection of these disorders and on attitudes toward the benefits of treatment.     

搏动指数和神经元特异性烯醇化酶对心肺复苏后自主循环恢复患者的预测价值

目的 探讨经颅多普勒(transcranial Doppler,TCD)测得的搏动指数和血清神经元特异烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NES)对成功心肺复苏患者的预测价值.方法 心肺复苏恢复自主循环仍处昏迷状态的患者分为生存组和死亡组.心肺复苏恢复自主循环后48 h行TCD监测和血清NSE检测...     

Screening for major depression in vietnamese refugees

Objectives: 1) Using standard cutoffs, to determine the accuracy of two Vietnamese-language depression screening instruments for major depression in a nonpsychiatric setting, 2) to examine the utility of other cutoffs, and 3) to compare the instruments’ overall accuracies. Design: 1) A research assistant administered the Vietnamese Depression Scale (VDS) and the Indochinese Hopkins Symptom Checklist Depression Subscale (HSCL-D) to all subjects. 2) The “gold standard” was determined by a native Vietnamese-speaking psychiatrist using a written translation of a standard semistructured clinical interview. Setting: A health screening clinic at a large public hospital. Patients: A convenience sample of 206 newly arrived adult Vietnamese refugees undergoing routine, mandatory health screening. Results: The psychiatrist diagnosed7% of the refugees as having major depression. At standard cutoffs, the VDS had a 64% sensitivity, a 98% specificity, a 75% positive predictive value, and a 97% negative predictive value. Corresponding results for the HSCL-D were 86%, 93%, 48%, and 99%. More than half of the patients who had false-positive results had other clinical disorders. For each instrument, adjusting the cutoff improved sensitivity and positive predictive value. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed no difference in accuracy between the two instruments. Each instrument took approximately 5–10 minutes to administer. Conclusions: These instruments accurately identified Vietnamese refugees with major depression and should be of use to clinicians in primary care settings. Standard cutoffs may need to be adjusted in nonpsychiatric settings.     

Usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in predicting the presence of autonomic neuropathy in type I diabetic patients

This study investigated whether nondipping (defined as a day-night change in blood pressure (BP) 相似文献   

评价血小板相关抗体定量测定法对特发性血小板减少性紫癜的诊断价值

目的 :评价血小板相关抗体 (PAIg)定量测定法对诊断特发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP)的价值。 方法 :应用酶联免疫竞争抑制试验 (ELISA)定量测定血小板相关抗体 ,计算试验的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值 ,绘制受试者ROC曲线进行诊断价值的评价。结果 :根据常用判断PAIg阳性的临界值 ,血小板相关抗体试验诊断ITP的灵敏度较高 (95 % ) ,但特异度低 (48.8% ) ,准确度低 (5 7.5 % ) ,阳性预测值低 (30 .2 % )。用ROC曲线寻找诊断ITP的最佳临界值 ,用新的临界值 (PAIgG >16 0ng/10 7血小板或PAIgA >2 5ng/10 7或PAIgM >35ng/10 7)时 ,可提高诊断试验的特异度 ,从 4 8.8%提高到 6 2 .8% ,可确诊更多的患者 ;但准确度和阳性预测值仍低 ,分别为 6 7.9%和 36 .0 %。结论 :PAIg试验诊断ITP的特异度、准确度、阳性预测值较低 ,帮助诊断ITP的临床价值有限 ,即使用新的临界值提高了试验的特异度 ,但诊断ITP的价值仍不大。     

大籽蒿花粉变应原皮试液诊断大籽蒿花粉过敏的临床评价

目的评价应用蒿属花粉变应原注射液原液1：1000稀释液进行皮内试验诊断蒿属花粉过敏的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年2月至7月于北京协和医院变态反应科就诊的1043例患者皮内试验结果,将蒿属花粉变应原注射原液1：1000稀释液皮内试验结果分别与变态反应专科医生临床综合特异性诊断及血清特异性IgE（specificIgE,sIgE）诊断结果进行对比,评价皮内试验诊断蒿属花粉过敏的特异度和敏感度及与变态反应专科医生临床综合特异性诊断和血清sIgE诊断结果的一致性。同时评价蒿属花粉变应原注射原液1：1000稀释液用于皮内试验的安全性。结果以变态反应专科医生临床综合特异性诊断结果作为金标准,将蒿属花粉皮内试验结果≥“＋”作为诊断界值,蒿属花粉变应原注射原液1：1000稀释液皮内试验灵敏度为95．99％,特异度为84．36％,阳性预测值为85．01％,阴性预测值为95．79％,准确度为89．95％,ROC曲线下面积为0．956,95％的可信区间为（0．943—0．970）。当以蒿属花粉皮内试验结果≥“＋＋”为诊断界值时,蒿属花粉皮内试验灵敏度为79．29％,特异度为97．33％,阳性预测值为96．48％,阴性预测值为83．57％,准确度为88．66％。次要评价指标以PhadiaUni-CAP系统血清蒿属花粉变应原sIgE诊断结果作为标准,将蒿属花粉皮内试验结果≥“＋”作为诊断界值时,蒿属花粉变应原注射原液1：1000稀释液皮内试验的灵敏度为95．23％,特异度为45．98％,阳性预测值为88．97％,阴性预测值为67．80％,准确度为86．39％。如以蒿属花粉皮内试验结果≥“＋＋”为诊断界值时,则皮内试验灵敏度78．89％,特异度为96．55％,阳性预测值为99．05％,阴性预测值为50．00％,准确度为82．06％。蒿属花粉血清sIgE阳性组中,血清sIgE水平与蒿属花粉变应原注射原液1：1000稀释液的阳性反应程度的等级相关系数为0．68728。1043例受试者中,与蒿属花粉变应原有关的局部不良反应为7．01％（73／1043）;仅有1例患者出现全身不良反应,该患者同时合并律草花粉、圆柏花粉过敏。结论使用蒿属花粉变应原注射原液1：1000稀释液进行皮内试验,可以有效、安全地诊断蒿属花粉引起的过敏性疾病。     

Screening for depression in the older adult: criterion validity of the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)

BACKGROUND: The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) has been widely used in studies of late-life depression. While the CES-D is convenient to use in most settings, it can present problems for elderly respondents who may find the response format confusing, the questions emotionally stressful, and the time to complete burdensome. A briefer 10-item version has been proposed, but there are few data on its properties as a screening instrument. METHODS: The 10-item CES-D was administered in 2 studies. In study 1, a stratified sample of middle-aged depressed patients (n = 40) and comparison controls (n = 43) were administered the CES-D to determine an optimal cutoff score. In study 2, the accuracy of the CES-D optimal cutoff score was tested in a sample of adults older than 60 years (n = 68). Major depression diagnoses were derived from the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition, with consensus diagnoses using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. RESULTS: Reliability statistics with the 10-item CES-D were found to be comparable to those reported for the original CES-D. Using an optimal cutoff score of 4 in study 1, the sensitivity of the 10-item CES-D was 97%; specificity, 84%; and positive predictive value, 85%. In the study 2 sample of older adults, the sensitivity of the CES-D was 100%; specificity, 93%; and positive predictive value, 38%. CONCLUSION: The 10-item CES-D has excellent properties for use as a screening instrument for the identification of major depression in older adults.     

A pilot project examining the predicted preferences of patients and physicians in the primary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage

Diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) may be challenging. However, early diagnosis is important because immunosuppression is life-saving. Diagnostic criteria of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) were complex and purely meant for scientific purposes. This study of the IAIHG aims to define simplified diagnostic criteria for routine clinical practice. Candidate criteria included sex, age, autoantibodies, immunoglobulins, absence of viral hepatitis, and histology. The training set included 250 AIH patients and 193 controls from 11 centers worldwide. Scores were built from variables showing predictive ability in univariate analysis. Diagnostic value of each score was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The best score was validated using data of an additional 109 AIH patients and 284 controls. This score included autoantibodies, immunoglobulin G, histology, and exclusion of viral hepatitis. The area under the curve for prediction of AIH was 0.946 in the training set and 0.91 in the validation set. Based on the ROC curves, two cutoff points were chosen. The score was found to have 88% sensitivity and 97% specificity (cutoff > or =6) and 81% sensitivity and 99% specificity (cutoff > or =7) in the validation set. CONCLUSION: A reliable diagnosis of AIH can be made using a very simple diagnostic score. We propose the diagnosis of probable AIH at a cutoff point greater than 6 points and definite AIH 7 points or higher.