支气管镜下高频电灼联合球囊扩张治疗结核炎性气道狭窄

目的 探讨支气管镜下高频电灼联合球囊扩张治疗结核炎性气道狭窄的疗效和安全性.方法 根据内镜治疗方法的不同,将55例结核炎性气道狭窄患者分成球囊扩张组(球囊组,26例)和高频电灼联合球囊扩张组(联合组,29例).两组患者每周接受内镜治疗1次,观察气道狭窄治疗有效率、需要治疗的次数,结核菌转阴时间以及术中和术后并发症;并于治疗结束后3个月复查纤维支气管镜,观察两组气道再狭窄率.结果 球囊组、联合组再通有效率分别为69.2%(18/26)、89.7%(26/29),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),达到再通有效的治疗次数分别为(3.5±1.3)、(1.5±1.1)次,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),术后结核菌转阴时间分别为(23.3±3.6)、(13.2±2.3)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).两组术中出血、严重缺氧、心律失常及气胸等发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后3个月气管再狭窄率分别是33.3%(6/18)、7.7%(2/26),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 支气管镜下高频电灼联合球囊扩张治疗结核炎性气道狭窄安全有效,并可减少介入治疗次数,缩短结核菌阴转时间,还有可能减少再狭窄率.

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Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of the bronchoscopic high frequency electrocoagulation combined with balloon dilatation in treating tuberculosis inflammatory airway constriction. Methods According to the different methods of treatment, 55 patients with tuberculosis airway constriction were randomly divided into two groups, the balloon dilatation group (26 cases) and combination group (29 cases). The patients in balloon dilatation group underwent bronchoscopic balloon dilatation and the patients in combination group underwent bronchoscopic balloon dilatation combined with high frequency electrocoagulation. The patients of the two groups accepted endoscopic therapy once a week. Effective rate of recanalization for the narrow airway, frequency of effective treatment and the time of tuberculosis bacterium vanishing was recorded. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also observed. Three months after the treatment, all patients accepted bronchoscopic to observe and assess the airway restenosis rate. Results After treatment, the effective rate in balloon dilatation group and combination group had no significant difference[69.2%(18/26) vs. 89.7% (26/29 )](P＞ 0.05 ),but frequency of effective treatment and time of tuberculosis bacterium vanishing had significant difference[(3.5 ±1.3) times vs. (1.5 ± 1.1) times, (23.3 ±3.6) d vs.(13.2 ±2.3) d](P<0.01). There was no significant difference on the intraoperative and postoperative complications between two groups (P＞0.05). The airway restenosis rate was 33.3%(6/18) in balloon dilatation group and 7.7%(2/26) in combination group after treatment for 3 months (P ＜0.05). Conclusions Combination of bronchoscopic balloon dilatation and high frequency electrocoagulation is an efficacy and safety way for the tuberculosis inflammatory airway stenosis. It can reduce the frequency of interventional therapy, shorten the time of tuberculosis bacterium vanishing, and may also decrease the airway restenosis rate.     

血液灌注对维持性血液透析患者微炎性反应状态的影响

目的 探讨血液灌注(HP)对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者微炎性反应状态的影响.方法 50例行MHD治疗的慢性肾衰竭患者(MHD组),按随机数字表法分为两组:HP联合血液透析(HD)组(HP+HD组,25例)和单纯HD组(HD组,25例),并设对照组(25例).检测治疗前及治疗24周后血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平.结果 与对照组比较,MHD组血清hs-CRP[(6.72±263)mg/L 比(1.35±0.92)mg/L]、IL-6[(348.83±64.41)ng/L比(54.49±2247)ng/L]、TNF-α[(7.52±317)ng/L比(2 53±0.88)ng/L]水平明显增高(P＜0.05).治疗前HP+HD组与HD组血清hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗后,与HD组比较,HP+HD组血清hs-CRP[(4.78±2.49)mg/L比(6.89±2.69)mg/L]、lL-6[(260.54±56.72)ng/L比(357.14±56.37)ng/L]、TNF-α[(5.36±241) ng/L比(7.49±2.87)ng/L]水平明显下降(P＜0.05).结论 HP可改善MHD患者微炎性反应状态.

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Objective To observe the effect of hemoperfusion on micro-inflammation in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods Fifty MHD patients (MHD group) and 25 healthy volunteers (control group) were involved in this study.The MHD patients were divided into two groups by random digits table:hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis group (HP + HD group,25 cases) and hemodialyais group (HD group,25 cases).The plasma levels of micro-inflammatory cytokines including high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis faetor-α (TNF-α ) were measured before and after treatment.Results The plasma levels of hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α in MHD group were significantly higher than those in control group [(6.72 ± 2.63) mg/L vs.(1.35 ± 0.92) mg/L,(348.83 ± 64.41) ng/L vs.(54.49 ±22.47) ng/L,(7.52 ± 3.17) ng/L vs.(2.53 ±0.88) ng/L](P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the plasma levels of hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF-α before treatment between HD group and HP+HD group (P＞0.05),Compared with those in HD group,the plasma levels of hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α after treatment in HP+HD group were significantly decreased [(4.78 ±2.49) mg/L vs.(6.89 ±2.69) mg/L,(260.54 ±56.72) ng/L vs.(357.14 ±56.37) ng/L,(5.36 ±2.41) ng/L vs.(7.49 ±2.87) ng/L] (P <0.05).Conclusion Hemoperfusion improves micro-inflammation in patients with MHD.     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂对血液透析患者贫血和促红细胞生成素用量的影响

目的 观察血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)对维持性血液透析患者贫血和促红细胞生成素(EPO)用量的影响.方法 90例维持性血液透析合并高血压和贫血的患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组45例,观察组使用ACEI降血压治疗,对照组使用钙离子拮抗剂(CCB)降血压治疗.比较两组患者在0、2、4、6、8、10、12个月时的血红蛋白、EPO用量、血清EPO.结果 观察组的血红蛋白逐渐下降,6个月及之后与对照组比较差异有统计学意义[6个月:(94.21±9.20)g/L比(105.55±9.16)g/L;12个月:(95.90±6.75)g/L比(105.81±4.45)g/L;P<0.05];观察组EPO用量逐渐上升,8个月及之后与对照组比较差异有统计学意义[8个月:(10090.75±1918.35)U/周比(7010.32±1600.15)U/周;12个月:(11 586.39±2009.76)U/周比(7068.48±1615.35)U/周,P<0.05].在整个研究期间,两组患者的血清EPO水平均保持稳定不变.结论 ACEI治疗会加重维持性血液透析患者的贫血和降低EPO的疗效.

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Objective To observe the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) on anemia and erythropoietin (EPO) requirements in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods Ninety maintenance hemodialysis patients with hypertension and anemia were divided into 2 groups by random digits table, observation group (45 cases, using ACEI as antihypertensive treatment), control group [45 cases,using calcium channel blocker (CCB) as antihypertensive treatment]. The follow-up period after starting ACEI or CCB therapy was one year. The hemoglobin concentration, serum EPO, EPO requirements were compared after 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 months' treatment. Results In response to ACEI, the mean hemoglobin value in observation group decreased progressively, reaching statistical significance after 6 months, and it had significant difference compared with that in control group [6 months: (94.21±9.20) g/Lvs. (105.55±9.16) g/L,12 months: (95.90±6.75) g/L vs. (105.81±4.45) g/L,P <0.05]. The EPO requirements experienced a progressive increase in observation group and reached statistical significance after 8 months, compared with those in control group [8 months: ( 10 090.75±1918.35) U/week vs. (7010.32±1600.15) U/week, 12 months: (11 586.39±2009.76) U/week vs. (7068.48±1615.35) U/week,P<0.05].Serum erythropoietin concentration remained stable during the study in two groups. Conclusion ACEI can worsen anemia and reduce the efficacy of EPO in maintenance hemodialysis patients.     

激光泪道成形联合药膏灌注术后冲洗时间对疗效的影响

Objective To investigate the curative effect of different time of irrigating after endolacrimal recanalisation surgery by Nd:YAG laser combining eye ointment stuffing. Methods Seventy-five cases (75 eyes) of lacrimal duct obstruction, which received endo-lacrimal recanalisation surgery by Nd:YAG laser combining eye ointment stuffing were divided into three groups by random digits table with 25 cases in each group. Group A received irrigating: the first day postoperative, consecutive 3 days,followed by once a week till a month. Group B received irrigating:the third day postoperative, consecutive 3 days,followed by once a week till a month. Group C received irrigating:the sixth day postoperative, consecutive 3 days, followed by once a week till a month. Followed-up survey for 12 months at the ophthalmologic outpatient clinic,the curative effect in each group was compared. Results In 6 months after surgery, the comparison of the curative effect was no statistical difference between group B and group C (P＞ 0.05), while the curative effects in group B and group C was superior to that in group A (P ＜ 0.05). In 12 months after surgery, the curative effect in group C was better than that in group A and B, the difference were statistically significant (P＜0.05). But there was no statistical significance compared with group A and group B (P＞0.05). Conclusions Properly delayed irrigating may improve the curative effect after endo-lacrimal recanalisation surgery by Nd:YAG laser combining eye ointment stuffing, while easier irrigating can increase the incidence of re-blockage of lacrimal duct and reduce the efficacy.     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀治疗急性冠状动脉综合征对可溶性CD105、高敏C反应蛋白及心率震荡的影响

目的 通过观察血清可溶性CD105.(sCD105)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及心率震荡参数的变化,探讨阿托伐他汀强化治疗急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)的效果及意义.方法 将106例ACS患者按随机数字表法分为治疗1组(38例,常规治疗+阿托伐他汀20 mg)、治疗2组(38例,常规治疗+阿托伐他汀40mg)和对照组(30例,仅给予常规治疗),测定三组治疗前及治疗4周后的心率震荡参数及sCD105、hs-CRP水平,并进行比较.结果 治疗前三组震荡初始(TO)、震荡斜率(TS)、sCD105、hs-CRP比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后三组TO、sCD105、hs-CRP均明显下降,TS明显升高(P＜0.05或＜0.01),而治疗2组改变最显著,治疗后治疗2组上述指标与治疗1组比较差异均有统计学意义[TO比较:(0.22±0.18)%比(0.66±0.23)%;TS比较:(6.22±0.83)ms/RR间期(RRI)比(3.90±0.73)ms/RRI;sCD105比较:(1.65±0.43)mg/L比(2.92±0.50)mg/L;hs-CRP比较:(1.68±0.55)mg/L比(2.08±0.61)mg/L](P＜0.01).相关分析表明,sCD105、hs-CRP水平与TO呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),而与TS呈显著负相关(P＜0.01).结论 ACS患者给予阿托伐他汀治疗,可稳定冠状动脉血管内皮及粥样斑块,改善自主神经功能,大剂量应用更能获益.

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Objective To investigate the clinical effects and significance of different-dose atorvastatin on soluble CD105(sCD105),high sensitive-C reactive protein(hs-CRP)and the parameters of heart rate turbulence in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Methods One hundred and six ACS patients were divided into three groups by random digits table: control group(30 patients, routine treatment),treatment group Ⅰ(38 patients, routine treatment + atorvastatin 20 mg), and treatment group Ⅱ(38patients, routine treatment + atorvastatin 40 mg). All patients were treated for 4 weeks. The levels of serum sCD105,hs-CRP,and the parameters of heart rate turbulence before and after treatment. Results Before treatment, the levels of turbulence onset(TO), turbulence slope(TS),sCD105 and hs-CRP in three groups had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05). After treatment, TO,sCD105 and hs-CRP decreased significantly,and TS increased significantly(P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). The change amplitude of treatment group Ⅱ was the most obvious, and the levels of above mentioned index showed significantly difference compared with that of treatment group Ⅰ[TO:(0.22 ±0.18)% vs.(0.66 ± 0.23)%;TS:(6.22 ±0.83)ms/RR interval(RRI)vs.(3.90 ±0.73)ms/RRI;sCD105:(1.65 ±0.43)mg/L vs.(2.92 ±0.50)mg/L;hs-CRP:(1.68 ±0.55)mg/L vs.(2.08±0.61)mg/L](P ＜0.01). Correlation analysis showed the levels of sCD105 and hs-CRP had significantly positive correlation with TO(P ＜ 0.01)and had negative correlation with TS(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The atorvastatin treatment in patients with ACS may stabilize coronary vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerotic plaque, and improve autonomic nerve function. Larger doses of atorvastatin may get more benefit.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗围手术期心肌保护作用

目的 观察大剂量阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围手术期的心肌保护作用.方法 120例择期行PCI的ACS患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,每组60例,A组术前3d口服阿托伐他汀80mg/d,B组术前3d口服阿托伐他汀20mg/d.两组患者均于术前、术后6 h、术后12 h测定肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6.于术前、术后3d测定总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),并进行比较.结果 两组术后6 h及术后12 h cTnI、CK-MB、hs-CRP、IL-6水平均明显高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后6 h A组cTnI、CK-MB水平明显低于B组[(0.35±0.18)μg/L比(0.48±0.16)μg/L,(3.78±0.45)μg/L比(4.56±0.55)μg/L],术后12 h A组hs-CRP、IL-6水平明显低于B组[(4.53±0.98)mg/L比(7.03±0.88)mg/L,(30.6±11.2)ng/L比(43.8±12.1)ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组患者术前、术后TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 择期行PCI患者术前3d口服阿托伐他汀80 mg/d,其心肌保护作用优于口服阿托伐他汀20 mg/d,可在临床应用.

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Objective To observe the perioperative myocardial protection of high-dose atorvastatin to acute coronary syndrome(ACS) patients during percutaneous coronary artery interventional therapy(PCI).Methods One hundred and twenty patients with ACS undergoing elective PCI were divided into group A and group B with different oral dose of atorvastatin ( 80 mg/d and 20 mg/d ) for 3 days before operation by random digits table. Troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase isozyme MB (CK-MB), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 levels were measured before operation, 6 hours, 12 hours after operation and total cholesterol (TC), triglyeride (TG), low desity lipeprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipeprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured before operation and 3 days after operation.Results cTnI,CK-MB,hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in the two groups were increased significandy 6 hours and 12 hours after operation (P <0.05). Six hours after operation, cTnI and CK-MB levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B [(0.35±0. 18 ) μg/L vs. (0.48±0. 16 ) μg/L, ( 3.78±0.45 )μg/Lvs. (4.56±0.55 )μg/L] (P < 0.05 ). Twelve hours after operation , hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B [(4.53±0.98 ) mg/L vs. (7.03±0.88 ) mg/L, ( 30.6±11.2) ng/L vs.(43.8±12.1) ng/L] (P <0.05). TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C levels in the two groups did not change significantly before and after operation (P >0.05). Conclusions Myocardial protective effects of ACS patients treated with atorvastatin 80 mg/d for 3 days are better than those treated with oral atorvastatin 20 mg/d. High-dose atorvastatin can produce more beneficial effects.     

冠心病患者血清前白蛋白及胆红素的临床意义

目的 探讨冠心病患者血清前白蛋白(PAB)和胆红素水平变化及其临床意义.方法 选取住院冠心病患者234例(冠心病组),其中稳定型心绞痛(SAP)80例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)84例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)70例;另选取同期住院的阵发性室上性心动过速患者77例作为对照组,分别测定血清PAB和胆红素水平并进行对比分析.结果 冠心病组血清总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)及间接胆红素(IBIL)水平分别为(11.8±6.1)、(4.8±1.0)和(7.7±2.7)μmol/L,均显著低于对照组[分别为(14.6±5.6)、(6.2±1.3)和(9.5±6.1)μmol/L](P＜0.05).在冠心病组中,TBIL、DBIL、IBIL水平从SAP、UAP到AMI逐渐降低,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).冠心病组血清PAB水平显著低于对照组[(205.55±5.68)mg/L比(229.78±9.62)mg/L](P＜0.05),在冠心病组中,SAP、UAP、AMI患者血清PAB水平分别为(215.73±7.98)、(214.12±3.79)和(195.75±7.07)mg/L,随病情逐渐加重,血清PAB水平逐渐降低,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 血清PAB和胆红素水平与冠心病患者的发生及其严重程度有关,在一定程度上可作为临床监测冠心病发病及严重程度的重要生化指标.

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Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum prealbumin (PAB) and bilirubin in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods The levels of serum PAB and bilirubin were measured respectively in 234 patients with CHD (CHD group) and 77 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT, control group), and the former group was divided into stable angina pectoris (SAP) group with 80 patients,unstable angina pectoris (UAP) group with 84 patients and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group with 70 patients,according to the chnical manifestation. Results The levels of total bilirubin (TBIL),direct bilirubin (DBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) in CHD group [ (11.8 ± 6.1 ), (4.8 ± 1.0) and (7.7 ± 2.7) μ mol/L] were significantly lower than those in control group [(14.6 ±5.6), (6.2 ±1.3) and (9.5 ±6.1)μmol/L] (P ＜0.05). The levels of TBIL, DBIL and IBIL decreased gradually from SAP group, UAP group to AMI group, but there was no significant difference among three groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). The levels of serum PAB in CHD group were also significantly lower than those in control group [(205.55 ±5.68) mg/L vs.(229.78 ± 9.62) mg/L] (P ＜ 0.05),and decreased gradually from SAP group,UAP group to AMI group [(215.73 ± 7.98), (214.12 ± 3.79) and (195.75 ± 7.07) mg/L],but there was no significant difference among three groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion The levels of serum PAB and bilirubin are related to the severity of CHD, and can be used as important biochemical indicators in monitoring the attack and severity in patients with CHD.     

颈动脉粥样硬化与不同类型冠心病的相关性分析

目的 探讨冠心病病人颈动脉粥样硬化程度与冠状动脉粥样硬化(CAAS)程度的关系及相关危险因素;总结不同类型冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)病理特点.方法 回顾性分析228例经冠状动脉动脉造影确诊为冠心病的病例冠状动脉造影结果、颈动脉超声检测结果及相关危险因素;根据颈动脉是否有粥样硬化分为粥样硬化组及非粥样硬化组;根据WHO诊断标准将病例分为稳定型心绞痛组、不稳定型心绞痛组及心肌梗死组;根据冠状动脉造影结果将病例分为单支病变组(组A)、双支病变组(组B)、三支病变组(组C)及左主干组(组D);对颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)程度进行积分处理.结果 发现228例冠心病病人中198例均有不同程度颈动脉粥样硬化,发病率86.8%;颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)与高血压显著相关,与年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟、嗜酒、高脂血症、高尿酸血症及糖尿病无明显相关;颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)程度随冠状动脉粥样硬化(CAAS)的程度加重而加重,但仅仅一支病变组总斑块数显著低于左主干组(P＜0.05);稳定型心绞痛组的颈动脉等级积分、Crouse积分均低于不稳定型心绞痛组;稳定型心绞痛组颈动脉等级积分(grading integral)较急性心肌梗死组低,而Crouse积分高于急性心肌梗死组;稳定型心绞痛组的总斑块数、扁平斑数及软斑数均低于不稳定型心绞痛组及急性心肌梗死组,三组的硬斑数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).三组均未发现溃疡斑.结论 颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病有相关性.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the relationship between the aggravation of CAAS and coronary atherosclerosis (CAS) ;and to summarize the pathologic character of CAAS of the patients with various coronary artery disease. Methods Review the result of coronary angiography and carotid artery ultrasonography and the related risk factors of the patients who were diagnosed as CAD through coronary angiography ( CAG). The patients were divided into the scleratheroma group and the non scleratheroma group. The patients were divided into stable angina pectoris( AP) group, unstable angina pectoris(UAP) group and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group according to the criterion of coronary artery disease of WHO. The patients were divided into group A (coronary artery of single vessel lession) ,group B( coronary artery of double vessel lession ) , group C( coronary artery of triple vessel lession )and group D(left main vessel lession ).The aggravation of CAAS was graded. Results There were 198 patients with various CAAS among 228 patients with coronary artery disease ( 86. 8%). CAAS was much related with hypertension and non-related with age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, hyperlipoidemia, hyperuricosuria and diabetes mellitus. The aggravation of CAAS much graver with much graver CAS. But only the plaque number of Group A was more than Group D( P ＜0. 05). The grading integral and Crouse integral of CAAS of AP group was not remarkable less than UAP group. The grading integral of CAAS of AP group was less than AMI group and the Crouse integral of AP group was more. But there was no remarkable difference. The number of all plaque,plaque and plaque of AP group was not remarkable less than UAP group and AMI group. There was the plaque among the three group. Conclusion Carotid artery atherosclerosis (CAAS) is relative to coronary artery disease ( CAD).     

脑卒中偏瘫后遗症期老年患者抑郁的治疗研究

目的 评价道家认知疗法对脑卒中偏瘫后遗症期老年患者抑郁及生活质量的影响.方法 77例脑卒中偏瘫后遗症期伴发抑郁的老年患者,按随机数字表法分为常规治疗组(38例)和综合治疗组(39例),常规治疗组采用抗抑郁剂联合一般支持性心理治疗,综合治疗组在此基础上进行道家认知治疗,两组均治疗8周,随访6个月.于治疗前,治疗后2、4、8周末及随访期末,采用汉密尔顿抑郁分级量表(HAMD)、脑卒中专用生活质量量表(SS-QOL)分别对患者的抑郁症状及生活质量进行评定,并进行统计学分析.结果 常规治疗组治疗后HAMD评分逐渐下降,治疗后8周[(22.35±4.69)分]与治疗前[(29.62±5.95)分]比较差异有统计学意义(t=6.425,P＜0.01);随访期末HAMD评分[(24.48±4.12)分]又升高,与治疗后8周比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.014,P＜0.05),但较治疗前HAMD评分仍显著降低(t=4.836,P＜0.01).常规治疗组SS-QOL评分在治疗后逐渐升高,治疗后8周[(105.39±25.84)分]与治疗前[(86.63±23.84)分]比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.933,P＜0.01);随访期末SS-QOL评分[(96.09±21.37)分]较治疗后8周又有所下降(t=2.543,P＜0.05),但较治疗前仍显著升高(t=2.790,P＜0.05).综合治疗组治疗后HAMD评分持续下降,治疗后8周[(20.08±4.60)分]及随访期末[(15.21±3.42)分]与治疗前[(30.14±4.92)分]比较差异均有统计学意义(t=8.341、15.443,P＜0.01),并且随访期末HAMD评分显著低于治疗后8周(t=4.724,P＜0.01).综合治疗组治疗后SS-QOL评分呈逐渐升高趋势,治疗后8周[(117.56±26.22)分]及随访期末[(126.57±21.82)分]较治疗前[(86.54±23.90)分]显著升高(t=6.716、8.916,P＜0.01);随访期末SS-QOL评分也较治疗后8周显著升高(t=2.378,P＜0.05).综合治疗组治疗后8周及随访期末HAMD评分显著低于常规治疗组同时间点评分(t=2.118,P＜0.05;t=8.405,P＜0.01),SS-QOL评分显著高于常规治疗组同时间点评分(t=3.123,P＜0.05;t=6.580,P＜0.01).结论 抗抑郁剂联合一般支持性心理治疗或在此基础上进行的道家认知治疗均可不同程度地改善脑卒中偏瘫后遗症期老年患者的抑郁症状,提高其生活质量.道家认知疗法起效虽慢,但远期疗效好.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effects of Taoist cognitive psychotherapy on depression of aged patients with cerebral stroke hemiplegia convalescence. Methods Seventy-seven hemiplegia convalescence patients with depression were divided into general treatment group (38 patients, received general back-up psychology therapy) and combined treatment group (39 patients, received general back-up psychology therapy and Taoist cognitive psychotherapy) by random digits table. All patients were treated for 8 weeks and followed up for 6 months. Two groups were evaluated with HAMD and SS-QOL before treatment and at the end of the 2 weeks,4 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months after treatment. The results were analyzed with statistics. Results In general treatment group, the HAMD scores were gradually decreased, and the HAMD scores of patients after 8 weeks' treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment[(22.35 ± 4.69)scores vs. (29.62 ± 5.95 ) scores,t = 6.425 ,P ＜ 0.01]. At the end of 6 months after treatment, the scores increased [(24.48 ± 4.12 ) scores vs. (22.35 ± 4.69 ) scores, t = 2.014, P ＜ 0.05], but they were lower than those before treatment(t = 4.836, P ＜ 0.01 ). At the end of 6 months after treatment, the SS-QOL scores were lower than those after 8 weeks' treatment (t =2.543,P ＜0.05),but they were higher than those before treatment (t = 2.790,P ＜ 0.05 ). In combined treatment group, the HAMD scores decreased continuously,and the scores after 8 weeks' treatment [(20.08 ± 4.60) scores] and 6 months' treatment [( 15.21 ± 3.42)scores] were significantly lower than those before treatment [( 30.14 ± 4.92 ) scores] (t = 8.341,15.443, P ＜0.01). Meanwhile,the HAMD scores after 6 months'treatment were significantly Iower than those after 8 weeks' treatment (t =4.724,P ＜ 0.01 ). The SS-QOL scores after 8 weeks' treatment [( 117.56 ± 26.22)scores] and 6 months' treatment [(126.57 ±21.82) scores] were significantly higher than those before treatment[(86.54 ± 23.90) scores] (t = 6.716,8.916,P ＜ 0.01 ) ,and there was significantly difference(t=2.378,P ＜ 0.05). The HAMD scores of combined treatment group after 8 weeks' and 6 months' treatment were significantly lower than those of general treatment group at the same time(t = 2.118, P ＜ 0.05 ;t = 8.405,P＜ 0.01 ) ,and SS-QOL scores were significantly higher than those of general treatment group at the same time (t = 3.123,P ＜ 0.05 ;t = 6.580,P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions General back-up psychology therapy combined with Taoist cognitive psychotherapy can improve depression and life quality of cerebral stroke hemiplegia convalescence in aged patients. The effects of Taoist cognitive psychotherapy is slower, but it is more beneficial in the long time.     

快速康复方案在肛肠外科围手术期的临床研究

目的 研究快速康复方案在肛肠外科围手术期的安全性及有效性.方法 将169例结直肠、肛管恶性肿瘤围手术期患者按随机数字表法分为快速康复治疗方案组(观察组)86例与传统治疗方案组(对照组)83例,比较两组患者术后开始下床活动时间、首次肠道排气时间、停止静脉输液时间、住院时间、治疗费用及术后并发症的发生情况.结果 观察组术后首次肠道排气时间(33.6±12.9)h,停止静脉输液时间(4.5±1.3)d,住院时间(5.6±1.2)d,治疗费用(1.5±0.3)万元,对照组分别为(81.7±20.1)h、(7.4±1.6)d、(8.9±2.7)d、(1.6±0.4)万元,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01或＜0.05);观察组术后并发症的发生率[5.8%(5/86)]明显低于对照组[16.9%(14/83)](P＜0.05).结论 快速康复方案在肛肠外科围手术期的应用安全、有效、有益.

Abstract：

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of fast track program in anorectal surgery perioperative period. Methods One hundred and sixty-nine cases of rectal cancer were divided into the study group of 86 patients with fast track program, and the control group of 83 patients with traditional programs by random digits table. Both groups were compared from the time out of bed, the first intestinal discharge time,intravenous fluids stopping time,length of hospital stay,total cost of treatment and the incidence of postoperative complications. Results The study group compared with the control group: the first intestinal discharge time [(33.6 ± 12.9) h vs. (81.7 ± 20.1) h], intravenous fluids stopping time [(4.5 ±1.3) d vs.(7.4 ± 1.6) d],and length of hospital stay [(5.6 ± 1.2) d vs.(8.9 ±2.7) d],the total cost of treatment [(15 000 ± 3000) yuan vs. (16 000 ± 4000) yuan], the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05),and had less incidence of postoperative complications in study group than that in control group [5.8% (5/86) vs. 16.9% (14/83)], the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Fast track program in anorectal surgery perioperative period is safe and effective, beneficial,conducive to rehabilitation of patients.     

2型糖尿病糖化血红蛋白的影响因素分析

目的 研究血糖、治疗方案、病程、年龄、糖尿病教育、文化程度、自我血糖监测对糖化血红蛋白的影响.方法 78例2型糖尿病患者分别按血糖、治疗方案、年龄、病程、糖尿病教育、文化程度、自我血糖监测这几项因素的不同程度分为两组,比较两组间糖化血红蛋白的变化.结果 空腹血糖≤6.1 mmol/L组(30例)较空腹血糖＞6.1 mmol/L组(48例),餐后2h血糖≤8.0 mmol/L组(32例)较餐后2h血糖＞8.0 mmol/L组(46例),胰岛素治疗组(27例)较非胰岛素治疗组(51例),联合口服降糖药治疗组(36例)较单一口服降糖药治疗组(15例),年龄≤65岁组(41例)较年龄＞65岁组(37例),病程≤10年组(39例)较病程＞ 10年组(39例),文化程度高中及以上组(34例)较文化程度高中以下组(44例),糖尿病教育频次≥2次/月组(20例)较糖尿病教育频次＜2次/月组(58例),自我血糖监测频次≥2次/周组(19例)较自我血糖监测频次＜2次/周组(59例),糖化血红蛋白均下降,分别为(6.7±1.5)％比(7.9±1.3)％、(6.8±1.1)％比(7.8±1.2)％、(6.7±1.5)％比(8.1±1.4)％、(6.8±1.0)％比(8.0±1.6)％、(6.9±1.7)％比(7.4±1.6)％、(6.5±1.2)％比(8.2±1.3)％、(6.9±1.0)％比(7.6±1.4)％、(6.1±1.7)％比(8.0±1.1)％、(6.7±1.1)％比(7.6±1.2)％,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.01或＜0.05).结论 血糖、治疗方案、年龄、病程、糖尿病教育、文化程度、自我血糖监测是影响糖化血红蛋白的重要因素.     

阿卡波糖对糖耐量减低患者血管内皮功能的保护

目的 观察阿卡波糖对糖耐量减低患者血管内皮功能的影响.方法 根据口服葡萄糖耐量试验选择56例糖耐量减低(IGT)患者,按系统抽样法随机分为对照组27例和治疗组29例.对照组口服安慰剂,治疗组口服阿卡波糖25～50 mg,3次/d,连续12周.测定两组治疗前后体质指数、血脂、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血管性血友病因子(vWF)、餐后2h血糖和餐后2h胰岛素及肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDD).结果 与治疗前比较,治疗组患者治疗后体质指数、餐后2h血糖、餐后2h胰岛素、HbA1c、hs-CRP、vWF明显降低[(24.69±2.62) kg/m2比(22.02±2.59) kg/m2; (9.26±1.02) mmol/L比(7.43±0.95) mmol/L;(42.17±9.98) U/L比(34.76±9.86) U/L; (6.03±0.67)％比(5.37±0.56)％;(5.45±1.93) mg/L比(4.52±1.55) mg/L;( 187.22±26.57)％比(165.13±23.86)％] (P＜ 0.05或＜0.01),EDD明显增大[(6.08±1.22)％比(7.94±1.25)％](P＜0.01).对照组治疗前后各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 阿卡波糖可以降低IGT患者餐后血糖,并减轻机体胰岛素抵抗,减少炎性因子,改善血管内皮功能,延缓糖尿病的发生及动脉粥样硬化的发展.     

乙酰半胱氨酸对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者炎性反应和氧化应激的影响

目的 探讨乙酰半胱氨酸对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者炎性反应和氧化应激的影响.方法 将60例COPD患者按机械抽样法随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,对照组予以常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片治疗,疗程8周.两组患者在治疗前后均行血清肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素8(Ⅱ-8)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的检测.结果 治疗组治疗前后血清SOD、MDA分别为(51.08±7.80)、(75.09±8.03)μU/L和(7.13±0.89)、(4.51±0.61)μmol/L,对照组分别为(52.12±7.31)、(65.16±8.01)μU/L和(7.11±0.87)、(6.21±0.78)μmol/L,两组治疗后均较治疗前明显改善(P＜ 0.01或＜0.05),且两组治疗后比较差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组治疗后血清IL- 6、IL-8、TNF-α均较治疗前下降[分别为( 18.25±7.24)ng/L比(29.02±6.70) ng/L、( 115.28±13.76) ng/L比(148.99±16.61)ng/L、(20.43±3.92) ng/L 比(32.32±8.18)ng/L](P＜0.05),对照组无明显改变[(25.25±7.55) ng/L比(28.82±7.54) ng/L、( 136.27±12.97) ng/L比(150.21±17.52) ng/L、(28.43±3.92) ng/L比(32.56±8.78) ng/L](P＞ 0.05);两组治疗后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 乙酰半胱氨酸可改善COPD患者氧化/抗氧化失衡和减轻炎性反应,为COPD的治疗发挥作用.     

高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析患者免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析患者体液免疫及细胞免疫功能的影响。方法 选择维持性血液透析患者60例,按随机数字表法分为常规透析组（C组）和高通量血液透析组（T组）,每组30例,治疗时间为12周,另选择20例健康成年体检者作为对照组（N组）,监测治疗前后患者外周血免疫球蛋白、补体C3、C4以及T细胞亚群的变化,同时观察患者治疗前后感染例次的变化。结果 C组患者治疗后外周血免疫球蛋白、补体C3、C4以及T细胞亚群水平较治疗前无明显变化,而T组患者治疗后外周血IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4、CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平较治疗前明显升高[(12.20±3.98) g/L比(6.18±1.45) g/L,( 1.89±0.58) g/L比(0.63±0.15)g/L,(1.29±0.47) g/L比(0.51±0.13) g/L,(0.94±0.36) g/L比(0.58±0.20)g/L,(0.28±0.06) g/L比(0.11±0.04)g/L,(63.11±9.43)％比(53.26±9.08)％,(38.21±6.15)％比(31.56±6.02)％,1.48±0.37比1.25±0.43]（P值均＜ 0.05）,且与C组患者治疗后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。T组患者治疗后感染例次较治疗前明显降低[46.7％(14/30)比133.3％(40/30),P＜0.05],而C组患者治疗后感染例次较治疗前无明显变化[126.7％(38/30)比136.7％(41/30),P＞0.05]。结论 高通量血液透析可以改善维持性血液透析患者的细胞免疫及体液免疫功能,降低感染率。     

法舒地尔联合硝酸甘油治疗不稳定型心绞痛

目的 探讨Rho/Rho激酶抑制剂法舒地尔联合常规血管扩张剂硝酸甘油治疗不稳定型心绞痛的效果.方法 选择20例不稳定型心绞痛(左冠状动脉前降支血管痉挛)患者,年龄(61±11)岁,按随机数字表法分为法舒地尔组和对照组,每组10例.20例患者均接受乙酰胆碱负荷试验,于给予乙酰胆碱后、首次硝酸甘油(300g)治疗后,给予法舒地尔(30 mg,法舒地尔组)或0.9%氯化钠(对照组),再次硝酸甘油(300g)治疗后分别行冠状动脉造影,测定痉挛冠状动脉直径,并进行比较.结果 两组首次硝酸甘油治疗后痉挛冠状动脉直径改变比率比较差异无统计学意义[(38.2±23.6)%比(42.6±17.2)%](P＞0.05).法舒地尔组在给予法舒地尔和再次硝酸甘油治疗后痉挛冠状动脉直径显著扩张,与首次硝酸甘油治疗后比较差异有统计学意义[(2.48±0.79)、(2.51±0.78)mm比(2.11±0.62)mm](P＜0.01),而对照组痉挛冠状动脉直径比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组在治疗期间和治疗后均没有观察到不良反应,法舒地尔治疗期间血压和心率是稳定的.结论 不稳定型心绞痛在硝酸甘油治疗后,给予法舒地尔可以进一步舒张痉挛的冠状动脉.     

不同临床及血管病变类型的患者行介入治疗术后hs-CRP变化规律探讨

目的 探讨不同临床类型及不同冠状动脉病变类型的冠心病患者行经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗术后超敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的变化规律。方法 100例行PCI治疗的冠心病患者，按临床类型分为稳定型心绞痛（SAP）组、不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）组和急性心肌梗死（AMI）组；按冠状动脉病变类型分为A型病变组、B型病变组和C型病变组。分别于PCI治疗术前、术后5个时间点抽取静脉血，检测血清hs-CRP。结果 （1）100例患者术前hs-CRP均高于正常标准值。（2）100例患者术后hs-CRP较术前升高。（3）SAP组术后6h hs-CRP开始升高，48h达到高峰，72h开始下降；UAP组及AMI组均于术后12h hs-CRP开始升高，72h开始下降，其中UAP组术后48h达到高峰，AMI组术后24h达到高峰。（4）A型病变组术后24h hs-CRP开始升高，持续至72h，其间无明显峰值；B型病变组和C型病变组术后12h hs-CRP开始升高，峰值在48h，72h开始下降。结论 PCI治疗术后炎症反应的状态不仅与术前临床类型及冠状动脉病变类型有关，更与PCI治疗过程密切相关。     

阿托伐他汀对早期糖尿病肾病患者血清胱抑素C及尿微量蛋白的影响

目的 探讨阿托伐他汀对早期糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血清胱抑素C及尿微量蛋白的影响.方法 68例早期DN患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组34例,对照组予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上予阿托伐他汀治疗,比较两组治疗前后血脂、血清胱抑素C、尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、尿微量蛋白[微量白蛋白(MAU)、α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)、β2微球蛋白(β 2-MG)]的变化.结果 观察组治疗后总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、血清胱抑素C、UAER、MAU、α1-MG、β2-MG较治疗前均显著下降[(4.32±1.26) mmol/L比(5.65±1.38) mmol/L,( 1.67±0.64) mmol/L比(2.53±0.96) mmol/L,( 1.29±0.38) mg/L比(1.74±0.51)mg/L,(61.09±18.45)μg/min比(86.42±21.34)μg/min,(5.73±4.81) mg/L比(23.16±9.73) mg/L,( 1.41±1.21) mg/L比(4.76±1.24) mg/L,(1.21±0.13) mg/L比(2.58±0.26) mg/L](P＜0.01或＜0.05);对照组治疗后TC、TG、血清胱抑素C较治疗前有所下降,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而UAER、MAU、α1-MG、β2-MG与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01或＜0.05),但下降程度不及观察组(P＜ 0.05或＜0.01).结论 阿托伐他汀可显著降低早期DN患者血清胱抑素C及尿微量蛋白水平,起到肾脏保护作用.     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死早期低血钾的临床意义

目的 探讨伴低血钾的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的临床特点和低血钾对预后的影响.方法 收集行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者216例,根据入院后即刻血钾水平分为A组(血钾＜3.5mmol/L,67例)和B组(血钾≥3.5mmol/L,149例).比较两组患者梗死部位、梗死相关血管及肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)峰值水平的差异,观察两组患者住院期间梗死后心绞痛、心律失常、心力衰竭及心脏性猝死的发生情况.结果 (1)A组广泛前壁、前壁梗死率和梗死相关血管为前降支率均高于B组[61.2%(41/67)比44.3%(66/149),55.2%(37/67)比38.9%(58/149)],差异有统计学意义(P=0.022、0.026).A组CK-MB、cTnT峰值高于B组[(194.39±101.27)μg/L比(115.35 ± 78.62) μg/L,(19.16 ± 11.48) μg/L比(9.07 ± 7.65) μg/L],差异有统计学意义(P=0.004、0.002).(2)A组左室射血分数低于B组(P=0.003),A组梗死后心绞痛、室性心动过速、心室颤动及心力衰竭的发生率[分别为 43.3%(29/67)、32.8%(22/67)、11.9%(8/67)、37.3%(25/67)]均高于B组[分别为24.8%(37/149)、18.1%(27/149)、4.0%(6/149)、20.8%(31/149)],差异有统计学意义(P=0.006、0.017、0.029、0.010).结论 低血钾与AMI患者的梗死部位、梗死相关血管有关,并影响患者的预后.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and hypokalemia and the effects of hypokalemia on prognosis. Methods Consecutive 216 cases with STEMI who underwent emergency PCI were divided into group A (serum potassium ＜ 3.5 mmol/L) and group B (serum potassium＞3.5 mmol/L). Infarct site, infarct interrelated artery, peak level of CK-MB and cTnT were compared between two groups. Post-infarctional angina pectoris, arrhythmia, heart failure and cardiac death were compared. Results (1 )The percentage of anterior wall myocardial infarction , left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesions in group A were significantly higher than those in group B [61.2%(41/67) vs. 44.3%(66/149),55.2%(37/67)vs. 38.9%(58/149),P = 0.022,0.026]. The peak levels of CK-MB and cTnT in group A were significantly higher than those in group B [(194.39 ± 101.27) μg/L vs. (115.35 ±78.62)μg/L,(19.16 ±11.48)μg/L vs. (9.07 ±7.65) μg/L,P = 0.004,0.002].(2)Left ventricular ejection fraction in group A was significant lower than that in group B (P - 0.003). The incidence rates of post-infarctional angina pectoris, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and heart failure were significantly higher in group A [43.3%(29/67),32.8%(22/67), 11.9%(8/67),37.3%(25/67)] than those in group B [24.8%(37/149),18.1%(27/149),4.0%(6/149),20.8%(31/149)](P = 0.006, 0.017, 0.029, 0.010). Conclusions Hypokalemia is associated with infarct site and infarct interrelated artery. Hypokalemia has bad effect on prognosis of STEMI.     

妊娠期糖尿病患者胰岛自身抗体随访的研究

目的 探讨谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体( GAD-Ab)和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抗体(IA-2A)对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者随访的意义.方法 选取GDM患者84例(GDM组)和口服葡萄糖耐量试验正常孕妇82例(对照组),GDM组又分为抗体阳性(GAD-Ab、IA-2A任何一项阳性)组18例和抗体阴性(GAD-Ab、IA-2A均阴性)组66例,分别于孕24～28周、产后6～12周和产后2年进行随访,测定GAD-Ab、IA-2A、胰岛素水平及糖代谢指标.结果 GDM组稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)高于对照组(3.87±2.17比2.31±0.52,P＜0.05),稳态模型胰岛β细胞功能指数(HBCI)和30 min净增胰岛素/30 min净增血糖(△I30/△G30)低于对照组[206.38±138.06比422.43±228.93和(20.16±11.38) mU/mmol比(26.54±24.30) mU/mmol,P＜ 0.05].抗体阳性组糖尿病家族史、在孕期需胰岛素治疗率均高于抗体阴性组[83.3％(15/18)比28.8％ (19/66)和77.8％(14/18)比30.3％(20/66),P＜0.05],HOMA-IR、△I30/△G30和HBCI均低于抗体阴性组[3.20±0.84比4.02±0.36,(16.81±2.91)mU/mmol比(21.55±11.11) mU/mmol和124.95±5.03比217.43±115.64,P＜0.01);抗体阻性组产后6～ 12周和2年空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)均高于抗体阴性组[产后6～ 12周:(8.20±3.11) mmol/L比(5.39±0.76) mmol/L,( 15.22±7.29) mmol/L比(8.15±1.93)mmol/L,(7.26±1.04)％比(5.88±0.41)％;产后2年:(8.91±2.80) mmol/L比(4.93±0.66)mmol/L,( 15.75±7.87) mmol/L比(7.85±1.79) mmol/L,(7.18±1.22)％比(5.64±0.32)％,P＜0.01],而产后2年抗体阳性组△I30/△G30、HBCI明显下降,抗体阴性组无显著变化.抗体阳性组产后6～ 12周和2年分别有16.7％(3/18)、33.3％(6/18)的患者发展为1型糖尿病(T1DM),而抗体阴性组无转为T1DM病例.结论 GDM患者中混有一些亚临床状态的T1 DM患者;孕期需要胰岛素治疗,GAD-Ab和IA-2A阳性者,产后发展为T1DM的几率增加;GAD-Ab和IA-2A阳性是GDM患者产后发展为T1DM的一个重要预测因素.