盐酸替罗非班治疗急性冠状动脉综合征疗效观察

目的观察盐酸替罗非班治疗急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）的临床效果。方法将205例ACS患者随机分成两组,对照组给予普通肝素、氯吡格雷和阿司匹林治疗5 d,治疗组在此基础上给予盐酸替罗非班静滴。结果与对照组相比,治疗组30 d内主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生率明显降低,5 d内进行介入治疗术的比例显著下降,轻度出血发生率明显高于对照组（P均〈0.05）。结论在普通肝素、氯吡格雷和阿司匹林治疗基础上,盐酸替罗非班可明显降低ACS患者MACE的发生率,值得临床推广使用。     

盐酸替罗非班治疗急性冠状动脉综合征疗效观察

目的观察盐酸替罗非班治疗急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）的临床疗效及安全性。方法 87例ACS患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组给予阿司匹林和肝素,治疗组加用盐酸替罗非班,比较两组患者48 h、30 d终点事件发生率及出血并发症比例。结果治疗组心脏复合终点事件发生率低于对照组（P〈0.05）,两组出血的比例差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论盐酸替罗非班与肝素和阿司匹林联合治疗ACS是安全有效的。     

盐酸替罗非班治疗急性冠脉综合征合并糖尿病患者的临床研究

目的研究在阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、低分子肝素的基础上合用盐酸替罗非班治疗急性冠脉综合征（ACS,非ST段抬高性心肌梗死或不稳定性心绞痛）合并糖尿病患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法选择2007年11月～2010年5月住院的ACS合并糖尿病患者110例,其中实验组54例,对照组56例。实验组患者在皮下注射低分子肝素的同时给予盐酸替罗非班静脉输注;对照组患者则单用低分子肝素8d。结果实验组与对照组比较,8d内全因死亡、顽固性心肌缺血的发生率下降（P〈0．05）,而再次心肌梗死的发生率差异无统计学意义。两组患者均未出现严重出血;中度出血两组问无差异;但实验组轻度出血15例（27．8％）,对照组6例（10．7％）,P〈0．05。血小板计数在对照组中无明显变化,实验组与用药前相比稍有下降（P〈0．05）,但数值均在正常范围。结论阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、低分子肝素合用盐酸替罗非班治疗ACS合并糖尿病患者是有效、安全的。     

替罗非班治疗急性心肌梗死介入术后患者的疗效研究

目的 观察替罗非班在急性心肌梗死患者介入术后的疗效和安全性.方法 将2007年12月-2009年12月120例急性心肌梗死患者随机分为研究组（60例）和对照组（60例）.两组患者术前均给予负荷剂量阿司匹林300mg、氯吡格雷300mg口服,术后口服阿司匹林100mg,1次/d,口服氯吡格雷75mg,1次/d,术中普通低分子肝素50～70U/kg,术后低分子肝素1次/12h,皮下注射3～5d.研究组术后即刻给予替罗非班10μg/kg 3min内推注完毕,随后0.15μg/（kg·min）静脉持续24h.观察两组患者心电图、血小板聚集、主要终点事件及不良反应发生情况.结果 与对照组相比,替罗非班研究组心电图ST段抬高明显改善,血小板聚集率明显降低,主要终点事件发生率明显下降,无严重不良反应.结论 替罗非班治疗急性心肌梗死介入术后患者是安全有效的.     

替罗非班联合急诊冠脉介入术治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的 探讨早期应用替罗非班联合急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗术(PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的疗效.方法 初发ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)拟行直接PCI术病人131例,阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组(n=32),阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(n=99).分析PCI术后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流、TIMI血流灌注分级(TMPG)分级和ST段回落,评价PCI术后心肌微循环再灌注.观察住院及随防期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及出血等并发症.结果 与阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组相比,阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组梗死相关动脉(IRA)狭窄程度较轻[(68.7±11.0)%vs (86.5±7.8)%,P＜0.05].PCI术后TIMI3级血流阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(96.8% vs 78.8%,P＜0.05),TMPG3级阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于B组(62.5% vs 32.3%,P＜0.01).治疗期间轻度血小板减少和出血阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(9.4% vs 1.0%,P＜0.05).随访30 d,两组死亡率无差异,但MACE发生率阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组低于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(6.3% vs 29.3%,P＜0.01),进一步分析严重心绞痛阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组较阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组显著降低(6.3%vs 25.3%,P＜0.05).结论 阿司匹林和氯吡格雷基础上早期应用替罗非班,减少STEMI再灌注后无再流或慢血流的发生,改善心肌微循环再灌注及病人预后.     

小剂量替罗非班治疗老年急性冠脉综合征的临床研究

目的 探讨小剂量替罗非班治疗老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的疗效及安全性.方法 将80例老年ACS患者按入院顺序分层随机分为治疗组与对照组.对照组给与阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、低分子肝素治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用替罗非班(负荷量0.3 μg·kg-1·min-1×30 min,然后0.075μg·kg-1·min-1微量泵静脉泵人),疗程2.0～4.5 d.结果 治疗组30 d内复合终点事件及顽固性缺血的发生率较对照组显著降低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);心电图缺血性改变明显好转,血小板聚集率明显下降,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).4.5 d内治疗组死亡、新的心肌梗死、顽固性缺血和30 d内治疗组死亡、新的心肌梗死的发生率较对照组有降低趋势,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗组出血发生率(11.8%)与对照组(7.6%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 小剂量替罗非班联合阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、低分子肝素治疗老年急性冠脉综合征是安全、有效的.     

替罗非班对糖尿病中危非ST段升高型急性冠脉综合征超敏C反应蛋白和纤维蛋白原的影响

目的:探讨盐酸替罗非班对糖尿病中危非ST段升高急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）和纤维蛋白原（FIB）的影响。方法:选择住院非ST段升高的ACS患者248例,其中观察组129例,对照组119例,所有患者均首剂服用阿司匹林300 mg、氯吡格雷300 mg,之后阿司匹林100 mg/d、氯吡格雷75 mg/d,在此基础上观察组患者给予静脉输注盐酸替罗非班2～3 d,给予替罗非班期间连用皮下注射低分子肝素（依诺肝素:40 mg/12 h）,停止注射盐酸替罗非班12 h后,继续皮下注射低分子肝素3～4 d[依诺肝素:1 mg/（kg.12h）];对照组患者用低分子肝素[依诺肝素:1 mg/（kg.12h）]皮下注射连续使用5～7 d。测定患者治疗前、治疗后7、30和60 d血浆hs-CRP和FIB并分析其相关性;观察两组中治疗后30 d、60 d内死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、复发性胸痛例数;出血状况。结果:通过治疗两组hs-CRP和FIB水平均逐渐下降。观察组于治疗后7 d hs-CRP和FIB水平开始低于对照组,30 d降低作用最显著,60 d两组hs-CRP和FIB水平差异消失;两组hs-CRP和FIB水平变化呈线性正相关;观察组30 d和60 d的复合缺血事件明显低于对照组;两组临床均无无明显出血事件发生。结论:替罗非班可进一步降低中危ACS伴糖尿病患者的hs-CRP和FIB水平;降低复合缺血事件发生的同时并不增加临床出血事件发生。     

小剂量替罗非班在老年非ST段抬高型ACS中的应用

目的:探讨小剂量盐酸替罗非班在老年非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTEACS)药物保守治疗中的有效性及安全性。方法:选择96例诊断明确的NSTEACS老年患者,随机分成对照组和观察组。2组均给予阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、低分子肝素等药物治疗。在此基础上观察组给予小剂量替罗非班,比较2组治疗效果及安全性。结果:观察组用药后7d及30d复合心血管事件(顽固性心绞痛+再发心肌梗死+死亡)均减少(P0.05)。观察组血小板聚集率降低更明显(P0.01)。对照组和观察组主要不良事件均为出血,发生率分别为4.35%和6.0%(P0.05)。结论:在非介入治疗老年NSTEACS患者中,小剂量替罗非班能有效加强抗血小板作用,不增加出血风险,与阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、低分子肝素合用是安全有效的。     

替罗非班治疗老年不稳定型心绞痛临床观察

目的 探讨血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班治疗老年不稳定型心绞痛的有效性和安全性.方法 将＞60岁＜80岁确诊为不稳定型心绞痛（高危组）的138例患者随机分为2组,对照组66例给予阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、低分子肝素、硝酸酯类及其他常规治疗,试验组72例在以上治疗基础上加用替罗非班,48 h持续静脉泵入.观察两组心绞痛症状缓解情况和心电图ST段变化,记录用药后48 h、1周、1个月心脏不良事件包括顽固性心绞痛、心肌梗死、心源性猝死及出血等不良反应发生.结果 与对照组相比,试验组心绞痛缓解有效率高,心电图压低ST明显改善（P＜0.05）,心脏不良事件发生率降低.两组均无严重不良反应,轻微出血反应试验组略高于对照组,但无统计学意义.结论 在阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、低分子肝素基础上加用替罗非班治疗老年不稳定型心绞痛安全、有效.     

替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷治疗高龄急性冠脉综合征患者有效性和安全性比较

目的 探讨替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷治疗中国高龄非血运重建急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者的有效性和安全性。方法 连续性纳入2012年5月～2020年9月空军军医大学第一附属医院心内科未行介入治疗的中国高龄（≥75岁）ACS患者106例,根据抗血小板药物分为氯吡格雷组（n=65）和替格瑞洛组（n=41）,随访12个月,有效终点为主要不良心血管事件（MACE）,是由全因死亡、非致命性心肌梗死和临床驱动的血运重建组成。安全性终点为出血学术研究会(BARC)标准规定的出血事件。结果 两组之间绝大部分基本资料、既往病史以及实验室数据等基线资料无显著性差异,而氯吡格雷组患者患慢性肾病者较多（P<0.05）。替格瑞洛组患者MACE发生率低于氯吡格雷组（4.9%vs. 18.5%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。替格瑞洛组出血事件的发生率高于氯吡格雷组（7.3%vs. 3.1%）,但差异无统计学意义。结论 与氯吡格雷相比,使用替格瑞洛可降低未行介入治疗的高龄ACS患者的MACE发生率,但未明显增加出血事件。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.