共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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水是构成机体的重要成分之一,是一切生命过程必需的基本物质。在人类生活和生命活动中具有极其重要的作用。因此,饮用水的卫生安全与否对机体的健康十分重要。随着水污染现状的日益严重,使得不少人选择了饮用纯净水。按照传统卫生学的观点,认为一般水源水中会含有多种无机矿物盐,是供给机体所需元素的重要来源之一,同时还认为饮用具有一定硬度的水,有助于预防心血管系统疾病等。而这些则是纯净水所不具备的。因此,对于该饮用什么样的水才更有益,争论由来已久。本文旨在通过水污染以及饮用纯净水可能对人体健康带来的影响,权衡利弊,进行分析探讨。 相似文献
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塑料材质与饮用健康效应评述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
万云洋 《癌变.畸变.突变》2010,22(3):238-242
塑料材质(如塑料瓶和塑料袋等)已经全面进入人们的日常生活,而国内外对于塑料材质的健康效应均缺乏相应的认识。本文就几种常见塑料材质(聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚碳酸酯)近年来的安全研究进展作一评述,包括其温度耐受性、添加剂及存在的健康隐患,尤其是有争议性的双酚A和增塑剂酞酸酯等的健康效应。 相似文献
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乳腺癌长期生存者的健康管理 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
乳腺癌作为一种慢性疾病.长期生存者其健康管理问题越采越值得关注,这方面的一个重要问题是如何以最合适的方式进行随访.以保证患者在初步治愈后能及时发现远期并发症及可能出现的复发转移并予以及时治疗.目前不同肿瘤组织出台的随访指南不尽相同.国内这方面的资料更少.本文结合国际权威肿瘤机构的随访指南,分析其中存在的主要问题,探讨乳腺癌患者随访的内答、间隔和经济学效益,以期为乳腺癌患者随访的临床处理提供一定的方向.根据大量临床试验,阐述了常规体检、乳腺钼靶摄片、胸片、B超、骨扫描等检查在监测肿瘤的复发转移、延长患者的生存期和提高患者的生活质量方面的作用;比较了由初级保健医师和肿瘤专科医师进行随访工作的效果;分析了影响随访费用的因素.最后认为随访可由经过训练的初级保健医师进行,主要的随访内容为病史回顾、体检、乳腺钼靶摄片,其它的相关检查可以在发现异常时交给专科医生进行. 相似文献
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饮用水中污染物质及处理工艺的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析源水中污染物质及其去除技术,国内外饮用水处理工艺采用全流程、多级安全保障技术,包括水源保护与水体修复,原水安全输送,水厂内安全净化,管网水安全输配等,以期将污染物质降至水质标准以下,确保饮用水安全. 相似文献
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目的:了解手术室烟雾的现状并采用实验室指标研究其对医护人员健康的影响。方法:选取医护人员200例进行分组,其中手术室医护人员为实验组(150例),肿瘤病房医护人员为对照组(50例)。两组分别进行基本信息的采集和抽血检查,将抽血检查的血常规和生化结果进行统计学分析。结果:两组之间在性别、年龄、身高、身体质量指数、吸烟饮酒、饮食习惯和接触油烟方面无统计学意义(P ﹥0.05)。两组在红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血小板计数、淋巴细胞计数上无统计学意义,而实验组在血红蛋白及红细胞压积上明显高于对照组,差距有统计学意义。实验组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义,而两组在葡萄糖、甘油三酯含量上无统计学差异。结论:手术室烟雾对医护人员的健康影响巨大。 相似文献
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《中国肿瘤临床与康复》2018,(1)
目的探讨阶段式健康教育对食管癌患者术后健康知识及康复的影响。方法选取2015年2月至2017年2月间中国医科大学附属盛京医院收治的73例食管癌患者,其中,2015年2月至2016年2月收治的35例食管癌患者为对照组,2016年3月至2017年2月收治的38例食管癌患者为观察组。观察组患者给予阶段式健康教育,对照组患者给予常规健康教育。比较两组患者的健康知识、自我护理能力和术后康复情况。结果观察组患者的健康知识掌握程度好于对照组患者,且自我护理能力、自我概念、自我责任感和自我护理等自我护理能力评分均高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组患者的术后胸管拔除时间、排气时间、下床活动时间和住院时间均短于对照组患者,并发症少于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组患者的健康教育满意度高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阶段式健康教育能促进食管癌患者掌握术后康复健康知识,提高患者自护能力,加快患者术后康复。 相似文献
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巢湖水有机污染物的遗传毒性及对饮用水水质的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
背景与目的:探讨巢湖水有机污染物的遗传毒性及其对饮用水水质的影响,为综合评价巢湖水的污染状况提供科学依据.材料与方法:用Ames试验、微核试验、单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)试验组合,分别对巢湖源水及以其为水源的自来水厂各生产过程水样及出厂水样中的有机提取物进行了研究.结果:Ames试验提示水源水有可疑致突变性(直接、间接),经高锰酸钾处理及混凝沉淀不能消除,经二次加氯的出厂水仍有间接致突变性存在.微核试验表明巢湖源水、水厂滤前水、滤后水、出厂水有机污染物10 μg/g剂量组在金鲤鱼的红细胞微核率均有增高;SCGE试验提示巢湖源水、水厂滤前水、滤后水、出厂水有机污染物引起的金鲤鱼的红细胞慧星细胞率均有升高.结论:巢湖水有机污染物具有可疑致突变性,其对饮用水水质及人群健康的影响应该引起高度的重视. 相似文献
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饮用水消毒副产物研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
饮用水消毒是改善水质、保证流行病学安全的主要措施,饮用水在消毒过程中可生成一系列消毒副产物(disinfection by-products,DBPs),一些DBPs可对人体健康产生不利影响.本文中以氯化消毒副产物为重点,对DBPs的种类与分布状况、生成影响因素、毒性与健康效应、饮水DBPs控制方法的研究概况及进展进行了综述,并指出饮用水与健康研究未来应关注的重点. 相似文献
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[目的]探讨不同饮用水类型与人群原发性肝癌的相关关系。[方法]综合国内1994~2008年关于不同饮用水类型与人群原发性肝癌的病例对照研究和前瞻性定群研究文献.进行Meta分析。[结果]9项病例对照研究共累积病例2603例,对照2880例:1项定群研究.人数为77682例。Meta分析结果显示饮用地表水与原发性肝癌患病的合并比值比OR:1.51(95%CI:1.26-1.80,P〈0.01);去除1项定群研究后的合并比值比OR=1.75(95%CI:1.28~2.39,19〈0.01),较全部文献的合并危险度稍高。[结论]研究结果表明饮沟塘水、河水、浅井水等浅层地表水是原发性肝癌的危险因素。 相似文献
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M. Papapetropoulou G. Rodopoulou E. Giannoulaki P. Stergiopoulos 《Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)》2013,25(6):404-407
SummaryThe susceptibility of 20 strains of Pseudomonas species isolated from drinking waters (4 P. aeruginosa, 7 P. fluorescens, 5 P. stutzeri, 1 P. maltophilia, 1 P. cepacia, 1 P. putida and 1 P. pickettii) to a variety of antibiotics (gentamicin, amikacin, azlocillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol and polymyxin B) were determined by Stoke’s method at 20°C, 30°C, 37°C and 42°C.Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for aminoglycosides on Mueller-Hinton agar at the above temperatures. There was a significant difference in susceptibility between 20°C or 30°C (most resistant), 37°C (more susceptible) and 42°C (most susceptible) to gentamicin and to a lesser degree to amikacin for P. maltophilia, P. cepacia and most strains of P. fluorescens. The P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, P. putida and P. pickettii strains showed no difference in susceptibility at 20°C, 30°C, 37°C and 42°C. The need for standardized conditions with special regard to temperature when antibiotic susceptibility tests are performed for P. maitophilia, P. cepacia and P. fluorescens strains is stressed. 相似文献
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《Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention》2003,4(1):31-38
Seventeen samples of tap water in Bangkok and 2 neighboring provinces were collected in winter and summer, concentrated and tested for mutagenic activity using the Ames Salmonella mutagenesis assay. Preliminary results demonstrated that concentrated tap water exhibited clear mutagenicity towards S. typhimurium TA100 and YG1029, but not towards TA98 and YG1024, in the absence of S9 mix, and the addition of S9 mix markedly decreased the mutagenicity to both tester strains. Amberlite XAD-2 resin, but not blue rayon, was able to adsorb mutagens from water at pH 2.
Our data clearly demonstrated that all tap water samples prepared by chlorination of Chao Phraya River water were mutagenic to strain TA100 without S9 mix, inducing 3,351 ± 741 and 2,216 ± 770 revertants/l, in winter and summer, respectively. On the other hand, however, tap water samples prepared from ground water were not mutagenic. Furthermore, it was found that boiling for only 5 min and filtration through home purifying system containing activated charcoal and mixed resin units were very effective to abolish the mutagenicity of water. Storage of water also significantly decreased the mutagenicity, however, it took 2-3 weeks to totally abolish it. Additionally, we also found 1 out of 6 brands of commercially available bottled drinking water to be mutagenic, with about 26 % of the average mutagenicity of tap water.
The results in the present study clearly demonstrated that chlorinated tap water in Bangkok and neighboring provinces contain direct-acting mutagens causing capable of causing base-pair substitution. Boiling and filtration of tap water through home purifying systems may be the most effective means to abolish the mutagenicity. Some brands of commercial bottled waters may also contain mutagens which may be derived from tap water. 相似文献
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《Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention》2015,16(18):8645-8652
Background: Consumption of tobacco in the form of a water pipe has recently increased, especially among young people. This study aimed to develop a scale which would be used in order to detect perceptions about the effects of water pipe smoking on health and to test its validity and reliability. Our scale named “a scale of perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health” was developed in order to detect factors effecting the perception of adolescents about the effects of water pipe smoking on health. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 150 voluntary students in scale development and 750 voluntary students in the study group. Data were collected via a questionnaire prepared by researchers themselves and 5-pont Likert scale for “a scale of perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health” which was prepared through the literature. Data evaluation was carried out on a computer with SPSS. Results: The findings of the study showed that “a scale of perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health” was valid and reliable. Total score average of the adolescents participated in the study was 58.5±1.25. The mean score of the ones who did not smoke water pipe (60.1±11.7) was higher than the mean score of the ones who smoked water pipe (51.6±13.8), the difference being statistically significant. Conclusions: It is established that “a scale of perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health” was a reliable and valid measurement tool. It is also found out that individuals who smoked a water pipe had a lower level of perception of water pipe smoking effects on health than their counterparts who did not smoke a water pipe. 相似文献
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背景与目的研究源水和氯化饮用水有机提取物对DNA的损伤作用以及对gadd153启动子和mRNA表达的影响。材料与方法应用彗星试验检测源水和氯化饮用水有机提取物对HepG2细胞的DNA损伤作用;构建含有gadd153启动子和荧光素酶报告基因的载体pGADD153-Luc,以检测荧光素酶活性(发光检测荧光素酶活性)反映gadd153启动子的活性,RT-PCR检测gadd153基因mRNA的表达。结果彗星试验显示在10、100ml/ml培养基剂量组源水和氯化饮用水有机提取物处理24h后,OTM(Olive尾距)显著高于对照组(P<0.01),并有良好的剂量反应关系(源水r=0.882,P<0.05;氯化饮用水r=0.940,P<0.05);氯化饮用水中有机提取物诱导OTM显著高于源水(P<0.05);荧光素酶表达在源水和氯化饮用水有机提取物各剂量组均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)并有良好的剂量反应关系(源水r=0.814,P<0.05;氯化饮用水r=0.921,P<0.05);相关分析表明荧光素酶活性与OTM呈正相关(源水r=0.980,P<0.01;氯化饮用水r=0.995,P<0.01);RT-PCR结果显示在100ml/ml培养基剂量组,源水和氯化饮用水中有机提取物诱导gadd153mRNA表达显著增加(P<0.05),并与OTM有良好的相关性(源水r=0.864,P<0.05;氯化饮用水r=0.897,P<0.05)。结论源水和氯化饮用水有机提取物可诱导HepG2细胞DNA损伤,导致gadd153启动子区的激活,并进一步调控下游gadd153基因mRNA的表达。 相似文献
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我国生活饮用水卫生标准的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-85)首次修订.文中介绍了修订任务的来源、修订原则、主要修订内容、特点、存在问题与建议等.修订后的指标达到106项,其中毒理学指标占80%,并增加了资料性附录(含28项指标).新标准符合我国国情,具有一定先进性,并与国际先进水质标准接轨. 相似文献