立体定向放射治疗食管癌术后纵隔淋巴结转移

目的探讨胸段食管癌根治术后纵隔淋巴结转移的治疗方法，观察立体定向放射治疗食管癌术后纵隔淋巴结转移的疗效。方法对16例食管癌根治术后发生纵隔淋巴结转移患者应用立体定向放射治疗，照射剂量45～55Gy。结果16例1、2年生存率分别为81．3％(13／16)、43．7％(7／16)。结论食管癌根治术后发生纵隔淋巴结转移进行立体定向放射治疗安全有效，可以延长患者生存时间。     

脊柱转移瘤立体定向放射治疗研究进展

脊柱是恶性肿瘤发生骨转移的最常见部位之一。多年来,放疗在脊柱转移瘤患者中发挥重要作用。近年来,立体定向放射治疗（SBRT）成为治疗脊柱转移瘤的有效方法之一,分割方式分单次与多次分割。本文就已发表文献中脊柱转移瘤立体定向放射治疗单次与多次分割的适应证与禁忌证、治疗技术、剂量及疗效、脊髓安全剂量分析、局部失败模式分析等方面做一综述。     

脑转移瘤的立体定向放射治疗

单纯立体定向放射外科能取得全脑放疗联合立体定向外科治疗相同的生存率,对于局部控制来说,结果有冲突。全脑放疗较局部治疗（立体定向放射外科和手术）减少颅内新发病灶。单纯立体定向放射外科组颅内治疗病灶外以及颅内总体复发率均增加,而且联合全脑放疗不增加认知功能损伤。对于1-3个脑转移瘤患者,单纯立体定向放射外科生存好于单纯全脑放疗。全脑放疗联合立体定向外科治疗较全脑放疗能改善局部控制,并在不增加并发症的基础上改善KPS评分。对于单发脑转移灶,联合治疗有生存获益。但2个及2个以上的脑转移灶是否有生存优势,尚有争论。对于多发脑转移瘤、KPS〈70分的患者联合治疗能改善生存。全脑放疗联合立体定向外科治疗和手术联合全脑放射治疗两组无生存差异。     

X线立体定向放射治疗29例体部恶性肿瘤近期疗效观察

目的　探讨立体定向放射治疗体部恶性肿瘤的近期疗效。方法　单用立体定向放射治疗者 ,每次 4 .0～6 .0GY ,治疗 6～ 1 0次 ;肺癌应用立体定向放疗作为追加剂量者 ,每次 3 .5～ 5 .0GY ,治疗 4～ 7次。结果　总有效率 68.9% ,5例死亡。结论　立体定向放射治疗体部恶性肿瘤可得到较理想的姑息甚至根治性疗效 ,可降低正常组织的损伤 ,大幅度提高肿瘤局部剂量     

腹膜后转移癌的立体定向放射治疗

腹膜后转移癌位置较深且隐蔽，就诊时已属中晚期，手术难度大，切除机会少。以往，此类患者主要用全身化疗、放疗、应用止痛药及局部止痛治疗来缓解症状，效果不甚满意，生存质量差，生存期短。因此，腹膜后转移癌的治疗问题一直是临床医师棘手的难题。自1998年2月～2002年7月，我院采用现有的SIEMENS加速器、PQ5000螺旋CT、体部立     

立体定向放射治疗脊柱转移瘤疗效分析

目的观察立体定向放射治疗脊柱转移瘤的疗效与不良反应。方法应用全身伽玛刀治疗脊柱转移瘤24例，肿瘤组织照射剂量38．2～46．8Gy，10～13分次，13～17天完成。结果放疗后疼痛完全缓解（CR）7例，部分缓解（PR）12例，轻微疗效（MR）2例，止痛有效率90．5％。骨转移灶完全消失3例，明显缩小13例，治疗后生活质量评分较治疗前明显改善，消化道反应和骨髓抑制等不良反应轻微。结论立体定向放射治疗脊柱转移瘤止痛效果迅速持久，能明显改善患者的生活质量，控制肿瘤效果满意，值得推广。     

立体定向放射治疗食管癌术后纵隔淋巴结转移

目的　探讨胸段食管癌根治术后纵隔淋巴结转移的治疗方法 ,观察立体定向放射治疗食管癌术后纵隔淋巴结转移的疗效。方法　对 16例食管癌根治术后发生纵隔淋巴结转移患者应用立体定向放射治疗 ,照射剂量 45～ 5 5Gy。结果　 16例 1、2年生存率分别为 81 3 % (13 / 16)、43 7% (7/ 16)。结论　食管癌根治术后发生纵隔淋巴结转移进行立体定向放射治疗安全有效 ,可以延长患者生存时间。     

立体定向放射治疗的相对禁忌

立体定向放射外科（RS）是以精确的立体空间定位、高剂量分割、小野窄束照射靶区,靶区剂量呈陡峭的梯度变化。从放射生物学意义来看,肿瘤细胞与正常细胞在敏感性上的差异变得不重要（常规放射治疗生物基础）。而高分割剂量成为重要因素,它的放射生物效应比常规照射剂量大数倍。晚反应组织比早反应组织差异倍数更大。在临床RS治疗中为避免正常组织损伤一定要深刻认识到这一点。阳产生并发症的三大要素：体积、剂量、靶区剂量严重不均匀性。其中靶体积的大小起关键作用。由于靶区边缘剂量陡然变化似刀切状,而刀锋的锐利程度随着照射体积…     

立体定向放射治疗在肝癌中的应用价值

肝癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,目前用于治疗肝癌的方法较多,放射治疗经历了全肝放射、局部放射、全肝移动条放射、手术定位局部放射、局部超分割放射和立体定向放射治疗的衍变。已有报道显示立体定向放疗治疗肝癌取得令人鼓舞的疗效,本文主要就立体定向放射治疗在肝癌方面的应用进行综述     

立体定向放射治疗肝脏转移瘤的临床疗效

目的探讨立体定向放射(stereotactic body radiation therapy,SBRT)治疗肝脏转移瘤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年12月至2020年5月同济大学附属东方医院收治的43例肝脏转移瘤患者的临床资料。所有患者均采用4D⁃CT或呼吸门控技术进行CT模拟定位,共58个病灶接受SBRT治疗,总剂量为36~70 Gy,分割次数为5~10次,1天1次,1周5次。结果43例患者均顺利完成全程放疗,中位随访时间为15.6个月(范围:2.0~31.9个月)。2年总生存率、局部控制率和无进展生存率分别为55.4%、86.0%和5.9%。常见的Ⅰ~Ⅱ级不良反应为食欲减退(6例)、疲劳(6例)、骨髓抑制(3例)和肝脏疼痛(1例),未发现Ⅲ级及以上不良反应。EQ⁃5D⁃5L生活质量量表的平均效用得分为0.848(标准差=0.277)。结论立体定向放射治疗肝脏转移瘤局部控制率良好且不良反应较少,其远期疗效和安全性值得开展随机对照研究进一步探索。     

Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for limited hepatic metastases

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for the treatment of liver metastases. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The records of 69 patients with 174 metastatic liver lesions treated with SBRT between April 2001 and October 2004 were reviewed. The most common primary tumors were colorectal (n = 20), breast (n = 16), pancreas (n = 9), and lung (n = 5). The mean number of lesions treated per patient was 2.5 (range, 1-6). The longest diameter of the lesions ranged in size from 0.6 to 12.2 cm (median, 2.7 cm). Dose per fraction ranged from 2 Gy to 6 Gy, with a median total dose of 48 Gy (range, 30-55 Gy). Dose was prescribed to the 100% isodose line (IDL), with the 80% IDL covering the gross tumor volume with a minimum margin of 7 mm. RESULTS: The median follow up was 14.5 months. Sixty patients were evaluable for response based on an abdominal computed tomography scan obtained at a minimum of 3 months after completion of SBRT. The actuarial overall infield local control rate of the irradiated lesions was 76% and 57% at 10 and 20 months, respectively. The median overall survival time was 14.5 months. The progression-free survival rate was 46% and 24% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. None of the patients developed Grade 3 or higher toxicity. CONCLUSION: Hypofractionated SBRT provides excellent local control with minimal side effects in selected patients with limited hepatic metastases.     

Central thoracic lesions treated with hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy

Purpose

To investigate the toxicity and outcome after moderately hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for central thoracic lesions.

Methods

Fifty-three patients undergoing 63 courses of SBRT for central thoracic lesions were retrospectively reviewed. Ninety-eight lesions received 30-63 Gy in 2.5-5.0 Gy fractions using the Novalis ExacTrac^® patient positioning platform.

Results

The 2-year lesion local control was 73%. Larger lesion volume was associated with poorer local control. The 2-year overall survival of patients with Stage I NSCLC, Stages II-III NSCLC and limited metastatic disease was 72%, 12% and 49%, respectively. There were four patient deaths from pulmonary causes, potentially grade 5 toxicities, though three had comorbid pulmonary conditions which may have contributed to the cause of death. One patient died from hemoptysis after undergoing two courses of SBRT to a mediastinal lesion. Most other deaths were attributable to metastatic progression.

Conclusions

Moderately hypofractionated SBRT to central thoracic lesions is effective with respect to local control and toxicity. Further dose escalation can provide an opportunity for better tumor control. Even with less aggressive dose fractionation, pulmonary deaths can occur, though it is difficult to ascertain the extent to which SBRT contributed to the death of patients with comorbid pulmonary conditions.     

Advances of stereotactic body radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PCA) is one of the most aggressive tumors with few effective treatment modalities. It is the 4th and 7th leading cause of cancer death in the United States and China, respectively. At the time of diagnosis, only 20% of cases present with a resectable tumor, and about 40% with a locally advanced tumor that is considered unresectable. Even resected patients still have a poor prognosis, with an incidence of local recurrence ranging from 20% to 60%. It is also reported that up to 30% of PCA patients die from locally obstructive disease with few or no distant metastases. These findings have highlighted the importance of local radiation therapy in the treatment of PCA. As the role of conventional chemoradiotherapy remains controversial, the dawn of the pancreas stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) era represents a potential paradigm shift in the management of PCA. SBRT delivers a higher biological effective dose to the tumor with sharp dose escalation in a shorter treatment time course. Pancreas SBRT is a novel therapeutic option to achieve local tumor control with minimal toxicity. Herein, we review the advancement of SBRT for PCA patients with different stages of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.     

A phase I trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for liver metastases

PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for liver metastases. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A multicenter Phase I clinical trial was conducted. Eligible patients had one to three liver metastases, tumor diameter <6 cm, and adequate liver function. The first cohort received 36 Gy to the planning target volume (PTV) in three fractions (F). Subsequent cohorts received higher doses up to a chosen maximum of 60 Gy/3F. At least 700 mL of normal liver had to receive a total dose <15 Gy. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) included acute Grade 3 liver or intestinal toxicity or any acute Grade 4 toxicity. The MTD was exceeded if 2/6 patients in a cohort experienced DLT. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were enrolled (10 male, 8 female): median age, 55 years (range, 26-83 years); most common primary site, colorectal (6 patients); median aggregate gross tumor volume, 18 ml (range, 3-98 ml). Four patients had multiple tumors. No patient experienced a DLT, and dose was escalated to 60 Gy/3F without reaching MTD. CONCLUSIONS: Biologically potent doses of SBRT are well tolerated in patients with limited liver metastases. Results of this study form the basis for an ongoing Phase II SBRT study of 60 Gy over three fractions for liver metastases.     

体部立体定向放疗的放射生物学进展

相比常规照射方式,SBRT照射次数少(1~5次),单次剂量较高(8~30 Gy)。然而在低剂量、多分割方案中适用的LQ模型并不能准确评价大剂量射线的放射生物效应。有学者提出了USC、LQL、gLQ等修正模型,希望能更好地预测SBRT的放射生物学效应。目前SBRT成为肺部、肝脏、脊柱、胰腺等部位原发病灶或少发转移病灶的重要治疗手段之一。放射生物学的进展可以更深入地探索SBRT的临床应用,对提高肿瘤放疗疗效有重要作用。