彩色多普勒超声联合糖类抗原125检测对卵巢占位的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨超声血流阻力指数(RI)联合血清糖类抗原125(CA125)对卵巢肿瘤良恶性的鉴别诊断价值.方法 选取卵巢良性和恶性肿瘤患者各45例,观察并比较卵巢良性和恶性肿瘤患者的超声形态学特征、超声血流RI及血清CA125表达水平,计算超声血流RI、血清CA125单独和联合检测对卵巢肿瘤良恶性的鉴别诊断效能.结果 卵巢恶性肿瘤内部回声不均质,与邻近组织界限不清,超声显示肿瘤实性部分及壁结节内血流丰富.卵巢良性肿瘤内部回声均匀,与邻近组织分界清晰,其中37例囊实性病灶的囊壁光滑,均无壁结节,超声显示肿瘤实性部分存在点状血流.与卵巢良性肿瘤患者相比,卵巢恶性肿瘤患者的超声血流RI更低,血清CA125水平更高,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).超声血流RI、血清CA125单独检测及两者联合检测对卵巢肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.792、0.794和0.887.以RI≤0.50且CA125≥453 U/ml为界值,超声血流RI与血清CA125联合检测对卵巢肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断的灵敏度和特异度分别为95.6％和86.7％,均高于超声血流RI、血清CA125单独检测.结论 在卵巢肿瘤良恶性的鉴别诊断中,超声血流RI与血清CA125联合检测较其单独检测能够提高诊断的灵敏度及特异度.     

灰阶超声与彩色多普勒超声对乳腺肿块的诊断价值分析

目的 分析乳腺肿块的灰阶声像图与彩色多普勒血流特征,探讨其对乳腺肿块的诊断和鉴别良、恶性的价值.方法 对经病理证实的患者的52例乳腺恶性肿块和45例良性肿块的声像图资料进行回顾性分析.结果 恶性肿块的灰阶网像特点为:形态及边界不规则,见毛刺样或蟹足样改变,边缘见高回声晕带,内部为不均匀回声,见沙砾样钙化点或簇状分布,肿块纵横径比>1,后方有衰减;彩色多普勒分级大多数为Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,阻力指数(RI)值>0.70,同侧腋窝大多淋巴结明显肿大,血流较丰富.乳腺良性肿块灰阶声像图大多表现为:形态规则,边缘光整,内回声均匀,侧缘回声减弱,纵横径比<1;彩色多普勒分级0～Ⅰ级,RI值<0.70,同侧淋巴结大多无明显肿大.结论 乳腺肿块良、恶性的判断仍以灰阶声像图为基础,结合彩色多普勒血流特点在鉴别诊断上具有较高的临床应用价值.     

高频超声对甲状腺囊实性结节良恶性鉴别的效果

目的 探讨高频超声对甲状腺囊实性结节良恶性鉴别的效果.方法 选取甲状腺囊实性恶性结节患者47例以及甲状腺囊实性良性结节患者47例.所有患者均予以高频超声检查,观察对比良、恶性结节图像特征.结果 高频超声诊断恶性结节的误诊率为8.51％(4/47),高于病理诊断的0.00％(0/47),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).良性结节高频超声的病灶内部结构、内部回声、边界、形状、钙化与恶性结节对比,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05).良性结节RI值<0.7人数占比为85.11％(40/47),高于恶性结节的14.89％(7/47),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 高频超声诊断甲状腺囊实性良性结节的准确度高,有利于鉴别甲状腺囊实性结节良恶性.     

甲状腺良恶性结节超声鉴别的影响因素研究

目的探究甲状腺良恶性结节超声鉴别的影响因素。方法回顾性分析210例甲状腺结节患者的临床诊断资料,对甲状腺良恶性结节超声鉴别的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果良性结节148例(70.48%),恶性结节62例(29.52%);经单因素筛选及多因素分析后,前后径与横径比值≥1、实性结节、边缘不规整、低回声、微小钙化等均是影响甲状腺恶性结节发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论超声对甲状腺结节具有较好的诊断作用,根据前后径与横径比值、结节性质、边缘形状、回声类型以及钙化类型等,能够有效对甲状腺良恶性结节进行超声鉴别,具有临床推广价值。     

甲状腺肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声显像与病理对照分析

目的通过甲状腺肿瘤的声像图特征与病理结果的对照分析,提高彩色多普勒超声的诊断符合率。方法对经手术或细胞学穿刺病理证实的37例甲状腺腺瘤（腺瘤）,78例结节性甲状腺肿（结甲）及35例甲状腺癌的二维及彩色多普勒超声的声像图特征与病理对照分析。结果腺瘤、结甲与甲状腺癌的肿块周边及内部血流参数Vmax和RI之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,Vmin之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。超声在甲状腺肿瘤的诊断中具有较高的灵敏度及特异度。甲状腺腺瘤包膜、边缘晕环及环状血流;结节性甲状腺肿多发结节、结节周同组织回声改变以及甲状腺癌低回声及钙化在诊断中特异性较高。但多源性肿块的存在,如腺瘤、结甲伴甲状腺癌缺乏上述特征,误诊率较高。结论彩色多普勒超声可诊断甲状腺肿瘤的性质（实质性或囊性、混合性）,鉴别肿块的良恶性,观察肿块内部及周边血流情况的分布,对手术治疗有着一定的指导意义,且它又是一种简便、廉价、准确、重复性好的检查方法,应列为甲状腺术前首选的常规检查。     

运用Logistic回归模型评价超声征象、造影模式等多因素在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:筛选出能够鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的一般资料与部分二维声像图特征,建立Logistic回归模型,评价年龄、性别、甲状腺自身抗体、超声造影模式在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:对总计153个结节的超声二维检查、超声造影增强模式结合对应患者的年龄、性别进行回顾性分析,以病理结果为金标准,建立回归模型。比较纳入方程中各变量的OR值以及方程的ROC曲线及其面积,以评价回归模型的预测准确性及诊断价值。结果:经过Logistic逐步回归分析,共筛选出6个具有统计学意义的变量,包括年龄、造影增强模式、结节内钙化、形态及回声、纵横比,其中造影增强模式的OR值高于其他自变量。Logistic回归模型对甲状腺结节良恶性预报的准确率为91.5%（140/153）,敏感度为93.2%,特异度为88.7%,曲线下面积为0.970。 结论:本研究的Logistic回归模型可以较好的预测甲状腺恶性结节的可能性,其中以超声造影增强模式具有优势,联合患者年龄可对鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性有重要临床意义。     

甲状腺良恶性结节的超声诊断

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 对86例甲状腺结节性病,变的彩色多普勒显像特征进行回顾性分析并与病理结果进行良、恶性对照研究.结果 良性结节大多边界清晰,形态规则,呈高回声,可伴粗大钙化,血供不丰富;恶性结节大多边界模糊,形态不规则,呈低回声,可伴微小钙化,血供丰富.结论 超声对甲状腺良恶性结节的鉴别诊断有明确的临床应用价值.     

甲状腺良恶性结节的超声诊断

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 对86例甲状腺结节性病,变的彩色多普勒显像特征进行回顾性分析并与病理结果进行良、恶性对照研究.结果 良性结节大多边界清晰,形态规则,呈高回声,可伴粗大钙化,血供不丰富;恶性结节大多边界模糊,形态不规则,呈低回声,可伴微小钙化,血供丰富.结论 超声对甲状腺良恶性结节的鉴别诊断有明确的临床应用价值.     

甲状腺良恶性结节的超声诊断

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 对86例甲状腺结节性病,变的彩色多普勒显像特征进行回顾性分析并与病理结果进行良、恶性对照研究.结果 良性结节大多边界清晰,形态规则,呈高回声,可伴粗大钙化,血供不丰富;恶性结节大多边界模糊,形态不规则,呈低回声,可伴微小钙化,血供丰富.结论 超声对甲状腺良恶性结节的鉴别诊断有明确的临床应用价值.     

甲状腺良恶性结节的超声诊断

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 对86例甲状腺结节性病,变的彩色多普勒显像特征进行回顾性分析并与病理结果进行良、恶性对照研究.结果 良性结节大多边界清晰,形态规则,呈高回声,可伴粗大钙化,血供不丰富;恶性结节大多边界模糊,形态不规则,呈低回声,可伴微小钙化,血供丰富.结论 超声对甲状腺良恶性结节的鉴别诊断有明确的临床应用价值.     

超声诊断肿瘤伴钙化对甲状腺癌诊断的临床意义

目的探讨超声诊断肿瘤伴钙化对甲状腺癌诊断的临床意义。方法 2010年2月至2012年6月住院治疗的180例甲状腺结节患者均进行常规钙化超声和造影观察。结果甲状腺恶性结节60例,超声图像显示呈现整体增强;甲状腺良性结节120例,超声显示以周边环形高增强为主。恶性组患者的造影剂始增时间(AT)明显高于良性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。恶性组峰值强度(PI)低于良性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。恶性组患者的总体钙化率与微小钙化率都明显高于良性组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论钙化和微小钙化有利于发现甲状腺癌,而超声造影的应用更加有助于甲状腺癌的诊断。     

2D、CDFI、PW及3D-CPA评价甲状腺结节良恶性89例分析

[目的]探讨运用二维超声（2D）、彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）、频谱多普勒（PW）、三维彩色血流能量图（3D-CPA）诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的价值。[方法]分析89例甲状腺结节患者的2D、CDFI、PW、3D-CPA，并与手术病理结果对照。[结果]甲状腺良恶性结节在边界、形态、钙化、声晕、血流分级、最大峰值流速PSV、阻力指数RI方面均有显著性差异。3D-CPA结合CDFI能更清晰地显示甲状腺结节空间及内部的血流特征。[结论]综合运用2D、CDFI、PW、3D-CPA能明显提高甲状腺结协诊断的准确率。     

FNAB联合BRAE检测对甲状腺结节诊断意义研究

目的：探讨细针穿刺活检（fine-needle aspiration biopsy,FNAB）联合丝／苏氨酸特异性激酶（serine—threonine protein kinase,BRAF）基因V600E（BRAFv600E）突变检测在甲状腺结节诊断中的应用价值。方法：收集2010-11-10 - 2012-12-20首次来昆明医科大学第三附属医院头颈外科就诊住院,且按照《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类》ICD-10编码诊断为甲状腺结节120例,均行体检、超声学和甲状腺功能检查,根据甲状腺结节直径分为〉1．0和≤1．0cm组,均行FNAB评估和BRAFv600E突变荧光PCR检测。结果：120例甲状腺结节患者行FNAB评估,提示恶性病变35例,良性病变69例,可疑恶性和未诊断病变10例,滤泡性病变3例,滤泡性肿瘤3例。在35例恶性病变中,26例BRAFv600E突变;在69例良性病变中,3例BRAFv600E。突变;在10例可疑恶性和未诊断病变中,6例BRAFv600E突变;滤泡性病变和滤泡性肿瘤中均未检出BRAFv600E。突变。FNAB结合术后病理分析提示,术前诊断率为70．8％（85／120）;FNAB联合BRAFv600E突变检测结合术后病理分析提示,术前诊断率为87．5％（105／120）,假阳性率为46．7％（7／15）;假阴性率为25．7％（27／105）。对于FNAB和BRAFv600E突变检测均为阳性的患者,与术后病理符合率为100．0％（78／78）。结论：FNAB联合BRAFV600E突变检测可提高甲状腺结节术前诊断率,方法简单,易于临床检测。     

What is the Role of Diffusion Weigh Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules?

This study aimed to compare ultrasonography (US), contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CCT) of the neck, and diffusion-weigh magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in differentiating between benign and malignant nodules while approaching to thyroid nodules, and to estimate sensitivity and specificity of these methods. On thyroid US, echogenicity, calcification, presence/absence of halo, nodule size being larger/smaller than 20 mm, and nodule nature (cystic/solid nature) were evaluated. Findings on CCT of the neck were grouped according to the heterogeneity/homogeneity, presence/absence of enhancement, and intensity. On DW-MRI, diffusion restriction was evaluated. The findings of these tests were compared with postoperative histopathological findings, and specificity and sensitivity of the tests in differentiating malignant and benign nodules were assessed. The study included 38 patients (34 females, 4 males). The sensitivity and specificity of DW-MRI were 20 and 75 %, respectively. Presence of a >20 mm nodule in thyroid US had the highest sensitivity, whereas thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) had the highest specificity in detecting malignancy. The sensitivities and specificities of CCT of the neck and DW-MRI appeared relatively low. Evaluation of thyroid US findings together with thyroid FNAB findings provided high specificity and sensitivity and yielded better results than findings of CCT of the neck and DW-MRI.     

1术前血清促甲状腺激素水平与甲状腺结节相关性的研究

目的：探讨术前血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平与甲状腺结节良恶性的关系。方法：回顾性分析了1499例甲状腺结节手术切除患者术前血清TSH、甲状腺B超,手术记录、术后病理诊断报告。根据术后病理报告判定甲状腺结节良恶性,分析术前血清TSH水平在甲状腺良恶性结节中的不同分布。结果：分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者术前血清TSH水平明显高于甲状腺良性结节组（2．179±2．017vsl．259±0．884）μIU／ml,P〈0．001;在DTC患者中,有淋巴结转移较无淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期以及肿瘤直径≥1eHl较〈1cm的患者术前血清TSH明显升高（均P〈0．001）。结论：术前血清TSH水平是预测甲状腺结节良恶性的重要指标。     

彩色多普勒血流显像技术对乳腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒血流（CDFI）显像技术对乳腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法：应用Philips iU22超声诊断仪高频探头对114例136枚乳腺肿瘤进行二维超声、CDFI检查并记录血流参数,比较良恶组之间的差异性。结果：乳腺良恶性肿瘤声像图特征的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值在组间有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。肿块血流检出率、血流分级在良恶性组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。PSV、PI、RI等血流动力学参数恶性组均高于良性组,组间存在显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论：二维超声、CDFI血流分级、血流动力学参数（PSV、RI、PI）综合分析和评价,鉴别乳腺肿瘤良恶性具有实用价值及临床意义。     

Ultrasound Score to Select Subcentimeter-sized Thyroid Nodules Requiring Ultrasound-guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Eastern China

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a costly diagnostic item with a low yield inidentifying the tiny proportion of nodules that actually represent malignant disease. Our aim through this studywas to obtain an ultrasound (US) score for selecting subcentimeter-sized thyroid nodules requiring FNAB ineastern China. Some 248 patients for a total of 270 thyroid nodules less than 1 cm in diameter underwent FNABand subsequent surgery from January 2006 to March 2012 at our hospital. The clinicopathological and US datafrom all the nodules were analyzed retrospectively. An US score was developed on the basis of independentpredictive factors for malignancy. Irregular shape, hypoechogenicity, no well-defined margin, presence ofcalcifications and ratio between antero-posterior and transversal diameters (AP/TR) ≥1 were independentpredictive factors for malignancy on logistic regression analysis. US score were statistically significant, with ≤2favoring benignancy with an 80.3% sensitivity and a 72.7% specificity. US score is useful for differentiatingbetween malignant and benign subcentimeter-sized thyroid nodules. We suggest FNAB for nodules when theUS score is higher than 2.     

Differentiation of benign and malignant breast tumors using Doppler spectral parameters including acceleration time index

Differentiation of breast cancer has been receiving increasing attention in attempts to minimize the numbers of excisional biopsies for benign tumors. Doppler spectral parameters, such as peak systolic velocity (PSV) and pulsatility index (PI), have been used but these are unable to differentiate breast cancers and benign tumors with adequate levels of specificity and sensitivity. The aim of this study was to determine whether the acceleration time index (ATI) could reliably differentiate breast tumors. In 102 breast masses, Doppler ultrasonography (US) was performed with a LOGIQ700MR. PSV, PI and ATI were calculated from intratumoral flow. Forty-eight malignant tumors were identified by histologic evaluation, 13 benign tumors were diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and 41 benign masses were diagnosed by characteristic gray-scale findings and long-term (>18 months) follow-up examinations. Doppler signals were detected in 35 of 54 (64.8%) benign lesions and in 46 of 48 (95.8%) breast cancers. PSV and PI value showed no statistical significance between malignant and benign lesions (PSV; p=0.1147, PI; 0.1506). ATI values were lower in benign lesions (p<0.0001). An ATI value of 0.14 seems to be the optimum threshold for the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions (79.4% sensitivity, 87.2% specificity). No malignant lesions were seen when the ATI value was <0.14 and the PI value was <1.1. ATI was found to be the most useful parameter for differentiating benign breast tumors from malignant ones.     

Diagnostic Performance of Gray-scale versus Combined Gray-scale with Colour Doppler Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules

Objective: To compare diagnostic performance of gray-scale ultrasound and combined gray-scale ultrasoundwith color Doppler ultrasound in predicting malignancy of thyroid nodules by using tissue diagnosis as thereference standard. Design: Diagnostic test with prospective data collection. Materials and Methods: BetweenNovember 2007 and October 2008, 31 patients (16 with solitary thyroid nodules and 15 with multiple thyroidnodules) were preoperatively evaluated with gray-scale ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound. The noduleswere classified as benign or malignant according to the established ultrasound criteria and were later comparedwith histologic findings obtained from surgical specimens. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of gray-scale US and combined gray-scale with color Doppler USwere evaluated using histology as the reference. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of gray-scaleultrasonography were 80.0%, 84.6%, 50.0% and 95.7%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPVof preoperative combined gray-scale US with color Doppler ultrasonography were 40.0%, 96.2%, 66.7% and89.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Combination of gray-scale US with color Doppler US findings improvesspecificity and PPV in the diagnosis of malignancy in thyroid nodules.     

99m^Tc-MIBI显像对甲状腺单发结节的诊断价值

目的：探讨99m^Tc-MIBI显像对甲状腺单发结节鉴别诊断的临床价值。方法：对甲状腺99m^TcO4-核素显像为单个＂冷结节＂的患者进行99m^Tc-MIBI显像,采集15min、30min及2h三时相的静态图像,将显像结果进行定量分析并与病理结果比较。结果：甲状腺癌组三时相的99m^Tc-MIBI摄取比值皆高于良性病变组（P〈0.001）;RI无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;T/N1组与T/N2组摄取比值无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。以甲状腺癌组摄取比值的（-x±s）为判断阈值,99m^Tc-MIBI显像对甲状腺癌诊断的灵敏度为75.00%-100.00%,特异性为81.25%-93.75%,准确性为84.09%-93.18%。T/N1组与T/N2组定量分析的灵敏度、特异性与准确性无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：99m^Tc-MIBI显像对甲状腺单发结节良恶性鉴别诊断有较大的临床应用价值。