miR-1腺病毒载体的构建及表达分析

目的构建并鉴定microRNA-1(miR-1)的腺病毒表达载体。方法 PCR扩增含大鼠miR-1前体的DNA片断,并将其克隆到腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack。pAdTrack经PmeI酶切线性化后与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1在BJ5183菌中进行同源重组。重组质粒pAdprecusor-miR-1线性化后,转染293A细胞,进行病毒包装,得到重组腺病毒颗粒Ad-miR-1。Ad-miR-1与Ad-GFP病毒转染培养的乳鼠心肌细胞,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测miR-1的表达效率。结果基因测序及酶切鉴定证实重组Adprecursor-miR-1腺病毒载体构建成功;腺病毒Ad-miR-1转染心肌细胞后,实时荧光定量PCR方法证实腺病毒Ad-miR-1能够显著提高心肌细胞内miR-1的表达水平。结论利用同源重组的方法构建的miR-1腺病毒能够提高心肌细胞内miR-1的表达水平。     

过氧化物酶体特异性绿色荧光蛋白的腺病毒构建

目的设计特异性标记过氧化物酶体的绿色荧光蛋白，构建腺病毒载体，并感染培养的大鼠心肌细胞H9C2，检测该腺病毒载体的表达效率，通过共聚焦显微镜观察细胞过氧化物酶体的分布，同时给予细胞缺氧处理，对比细胞内过氧化物酶体的变化。方法（1）设计带有过氧化物酶体信号肽序列的绿色荧光蛋白序列。（2）PCR扩增该序列片断，并将其克隆到腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack中；pAdTrack经限制性内切酶Pme Ⅰ酶切线性化后，与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1在BJ5183感受态细胞中进行同源重组。重组绿色荧光蛋白质粒经限制性内切酶PacⅠ酶切线性化后，转染293A细胞，进行病毒包装，得到Ad-GFP-Peroxi重组腺病毒颗粒。（3）用Ad-GFP-Peroxi腺病毒和不带有信号肽序列的Ad-GFP腺病毒感染培养的H9C2，24h后共聚焦显微镜下观察。（4）用Ad-GFP-Peroxi腺病毒感染H9C2细胞后，分为正常培养和1%氧浓度培养两组，24h后观察。结果重组Ad-GFP-Peroxi腺病毒载体构建成功；与Ad-GFP腺病毒相比，Ad-GFP-Peroxi腺病毒能够特异性显示大鼠心肌细胞内过氧化物酶体的分布；且缺氧刺激后H9C2细胞内过氧化物酶体分布出现聚集现象。结论利用同源重组的方法成功构建的过氧化物酶体特异性绿色荧光蛋白的过表达腺病毒，对大鼠心肌细胞H9C2有较高的感染效率，共聚焦显微镜下可以明确显示心肌细胞内过氧化物酶体的分布情况，且缺氧刺激导致过氧化物酶体分布聚集。     

心肌特异性表达腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建心肌特异性表达的腺病毒载体,使外源基因在心肌细胞中特异性表达。方法：将心肌特异性肌凝蛋白轻链蛋白－２（ｍｌｃ－２ｖ）启动子克隆至腺病毒穿梭质粒,并将绿色荧光蛋白（ＧＦＰ）基因克隆至此质粒中,同源重组含ＧＦＰ基因的缺陷型腺病毒（ＡｄｍｌｃＧＦＰ）,转染心肌细胞及非心肌细胞。结果：经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ分析,转染的心肌细胞有ＧＦＰｍＲＮＡ的表达,而转染的非心肌细胞无ＧＦＰｍＲＮＡ的表达;荧光显微镜下观察,可见转染的心肌细胞表达ＧＦＰ,而转染的非心肌细胞不表达ＧＦＰ。结论：构建的心肌特异性表达腺病毒载体可使源基因在心肌细胞内特异性表达。     

乙肝病毒X基因重组腺病毒载体的构建

目的为了探讨HBx基因与肝癌发生的关系,构建HBx基因重组腺病毒载体。方法应用pAdEasyTM腺病毒载体系统,首先从质粒pCDNA3．1-HBx中酶切得到HBx基因,插入腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack—CMV中,得到pAdTrack—CMV—HBx,将其PmeI酶切线性化后,转到含腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的BJ5183感受态细菌中,通过同源重组得到重组腺病毒质粒载体pAd—HBx,经PacⅠ酶切线性化后转染人胚肾293细胞,产生重组腺病毒颗粒Ad—HBx。结果、PCR和酶切鉴定证明重组腺病毒Ad—HBx构建成功,在转染的293细胞中可以观察到绿色荧光蛋白GFP。结论成功构建了携带HBx基因的重组腺病毒载体,为后续研究奠定了基础。     

腺病毒介导的血管内皮生长因子体外转染心肌细胞的研究

目的:构建携带人血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因的重组腺病毒载体,并转染体外培养的心肌细胞,检测VEGF的表达.方法:将人源性的VEGF165cDNA正向插入到腺病毒载体PDC315,构建重组质粒,通过脂质体共转染293细胞,经同源重组获得携带人VEGF165基因的重组腺病毒,通过PCR扩增法鉴定所构建的腺病毒,扩增并测定滴度后,体外转染培养的心肌细胞,利用ELISA、Western印迹分析等方法检测VEGF在心肌细胞中的表达.结果:人VEGF165cDNA成功地正向插入到PDC315载体中,以重组病毒基因组DNA为模板,同时扩增出了610bp的VEGF165cDNA基因片段,证实了所构建病毒的正确性,病毒滴度为2.8×108 pfu/ml,Ad VEGF165体外转染心肌细胞3 d后,在培养细胞的上清液及细胞内检测到了VEGF的表达.结论:成功构建了表达人VEGF 165基因的腺病毒载体,体外转染心肌细胞后能够满意表达VEGF,为基因治疗心肌缺血奠定基础.     

构建和鉴定PTEN基因的shRNA重组腺病毒表达载体

目的构建PTEN特异性shRNA重组腺病毒表达载体,为应用基因沉默技术进行缺血性脑损伤的基因治疗奠定基础。方法将前期构建的PTENshRNA特异性真核表达载体pGenesil-1-shRNA的表达启动子U6连同shRNA亚克隆至穿梭质粒pAdTrack,酶切及DNA测序鉴定后,将含PTEN基因的重组穿梭质粒pAdTrack-U6-shRNA经PmeI线性化后转化入pAdEasy-1感受态细菌。pAd-U6-shRNA质粒经PacI线性化后转染293细胞,包装重组腺病毒Ad-U6-shRNA,并进行PCR鉴定、病毒滴度测定及Westernblotting检测受感染海马神经元细胞内PTEN蛋白的表达。结果证实pAdTrack-U6-shRNA及pAd-U6-shRNA质粒构建正确,收获病毒后PCR及DNA测序结果证明Ad-U6-shRNA包被成功,受腺病毒感染海马神经元细胞内PTEN蛋白表达明显降低。结论成功构建了PTEN基因的shRNA重组腺病毒载体Ad-U6-shRNA,为应用基因沉默技术研究PTEN对缺血性脑损伤后的神经保护作用奠定了基础。     

人白介素24腺病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的构建人白介素24（hIL-24）的腺病毒载体,获得hIL-24重组腺病毒子,为hIL-24进行肿瘤的基因治疗奠定基础。方法以pcDNA3．0-hIL-24重组质料为模板,PCR扩增hIL-24,酶切连接到带有GFP标记的pAdTrack—CMVR质粒上,PmeI线性化重组质粒pAdTrack—CMV-hIL-24,与腺病毒质粒pAdEasy-1共转化BJ5183细菌,获得重组腺病毒载体pAdEasy-1-pAdTrack-CMV-hIL-24,经Pacl线性化后转染QBI-293A包装细胞。收获腺病毒重组病毒子,RT-PCR和Western—blotting鉴定。结果测序结果显示hIL-24序列正确,RT—PCR和Western-blotting检测到了hIL-24的表达。结论成功构建人白介素24的重组腺病毒载体pAdEasy-1-pAdTrack,CMV—hIL-24。获得了人白介素24重组病毒子Ad-hIL-24。     

应用AdEasy腺病毒载体系统构建人GST-π基因的重组腺病毒

目的：利用AdEasy腺病毒载体系统构建人谷胱甘肽转移酶-π（GST-π）基因重组腺病毒并在HEK293细胞中扩增制备重组病毒。方法：从质粒中通过PCR的方法扩增出目的基因GST-π并带有适宜的酶切位点,双酶切后连pAdtrackCMV中构建成腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdtrack-GST-π,经酶切线性化后,采用电穿孔转化到含腺病毒骨架质粒AdEasy1的BJ5183大肠杆菌电感受态细菌中,挑选同源重组质粒AdEasy-GST-π,酶切线性化重组质粒并转染HEK293细胞包装成重组病毒颗粒,荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光表达。重组病毒上清乒乓交互感染HEK293细胞,荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光表达。结果：经限制性内切酶检测和GFP表达证实成功地构建了携带GST-π基因的重组腺病毒载体并制备出高滴度重组病毒。结论：成功地构建了携带GST-π基因的重组腺病毒载体,为利用GST-π基因转染造血干细胞的基因治疗奠定了基础。     

小鼠树突状细胞相关C型凝集素-1基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的树突状细胞相关C型凝集素-1(dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1,Dectin-1)是介导抗真菌天然免疫的重要受体之一。文中旨在构建表达小鼠Dectin-1基因的重组腺病毒载体,扩增、纯化获得高浓度的重组腺病毒。方法将PCR扩增的目的片段CLEC7A-p IRES2-EGFP重组到中间载体p DONR221上,再与腺病毒骨架质粒p AD/CMV/V5-DEST重组,获得重组腺病毒质粒p AD-CLEC7A-p IRES2-EGFP,经Pac I线性化后转染人胚肾293(HEK293)细胞,收获重组腺病毒p AD-CLEC7A-p IRES2-EGFP;利用HEK293细胞大量扩增腺病毒;并进行重组腺病毒的滴度测定;用荧光显微镜和实时荧光定量PCR鉴定转染重组腺病毒组(Dectin-1基因重组腺病毒转染HEK293细胞)和转染空病毒组(空病毒转染HEK293细胞)中Dectin-1基因的表达。结果菌落PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定及测序结果均显示重组腺病毒含有Dectin-1基因,腺病毒滴度为5×1011IU/m L,荧光显微镜下可见绿色荧光,PCR检测到转染重组腺病毒组Dectin-1表达量是转染空病毒组的8677.25倍。结论成功构建并获得了较高浓度的Dectin-1基因重组腺病毒载体,为下一步体内外研究Dectin-1高表达在宿主抗真菌天然免疫中的作用奠定基础。     

人survivin基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及其在DCs中的表达

目的构建含有人survivin基因的重组腺病毒载体,为转染树突状细胞构建DC疫苗和基因治疗奠定基础.方法自行设计一对分别含有Kpn Ⅰ和Xhol Ⅰ酶切位点的survivin基因上下游引物,以质粒pCITE/survivin为模板,通过PCR扩增获得survivin基因全部序列.片段回收后经酶切,定向插入腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV,获得重组质粒pAdTrack-CMV-survivin.通过Kpn Ⅰ和Xhol Ⅰ双酶切、PCR及插入片段测序鉴定后,将正确重组体pAdTrack-survivin转化包含腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的BJ5183菌.同源重组后用选择性培养基筛选阳性克隆,提取质粒用脂质体介导转染293细胞,通过观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达及PCR扩增目的基因等方法鉴定重组的腺病毒.同时将病毒上清转染树突状细胞,通过观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达以及Western blot分析观察survivin蛋白表达.结果成功构建了含有人survivin基因的重组腺病毒,病毒滴度为1.65×108PFU/ml.在19×103频段附近可见survivin蛋白表达为16.5×103.结论该重组腺病毒载体的构建及成功转染到树突状细胞内表达,为下一步研究人survivin作为靶抗原及基因治疗奠定了基础.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.