介人性磁共振技术临床应用经验初探

目的：介绍我所引进Marconi公司介入磁共振系统进行的微创性介入MRI方法、步骤、准确性和操作经验体会。方法：采用Marconi公司生产的0.23T开放式磁共振成像仪，在介入MR ipath 200(大屏幕显示器和红外线被动示踪光学导航系统）引导下对38例患者清晰显示介入过程。结果：新的介入引导设备使所有手术均几乎在实时监控下完成，获的成功。结论：介入性磁共振可用来进行微创性经皮介入，包括导向、监测和随访。     

MRI导引与监控微创介入治疗技术

目的:MRI导引与监控介入治疗系统主要由开放式实时MRI成像系统、磁共振兼容导引系统两大部分组成,此系统与磁共振兼容治疗设备结合,可实现精确及有效的微创介入治疗,是目前用于导引与监控介入治疗的新兴技术。MRI导引与监控系统能够将介入手术器械的信息(包括它的位置、方向等)以虚拟针影的形式与病变实时显示在同一张MR图像上,术者能够实时了解手术器械与靶区病灶位置关系,及时调整手术器械的进针点与进针方向,有效避开神经、血管等重要组织结构,从而降低穿刺过程的风险;通过实时MRI成像技术,监控治疗过程中靶区病变的信号变化,有效判断、控制治疗范围,使治疗过程中的副损伤更小、预后更好;与X线为基础的影像设备相比,MRI导引介入对患者和术者无放射性危害。     

介入性心血管磁共振成像技术进展

磁共振(Magnetic resonance,MR)技术以其无X线辐射,较高时间、空间和软组织分辨力,以及任意平面成像,结合非造影增强的血流/相位效应技术,以及造影增强的磁共振血管造影技术,适于作为心血管疾病诊治的介入引导手段。随着磁共振硬、软件技术的发展,开放式磁共振扫描机的设计,高场强和快速梯度系统技术的完善,尤其是实时交互式成像技术(Real-time interative)的发展,使心血管介入操作在MR实时透视技术引导下完成成为可能。介入性心血管磁共振(interventional cardiovascularmagnetic resonance,iCMR)指在磁共振技术引导下完成心血管疾病的介入诊治。1 介入性磁共振成像技术1.1 iCMR硬件技术 常规和开放式MR扫描机均能用于iCMR。根据介入操作空间和实时监测效果,     

移植肾的磁共振检查

近年来磁共振技术的迅速发展,使得评估移植肾功能成为可能.本文旨在介绍常规磁共振成像(MRI),磁共振血管成像(MRA),磁共振泌尿系统成像(MRU),MR灌注加权成像(PWI),MR弥散加权成像(DWI)和血氧水平依赖成像(BOLD)在移植肾检查中的应用和意义.     

进一步开展MR新技术

近年来MR新技术的开发和应用愈来愈受到人们的普遍重视，本期有关MR新技术应用的重点号论文，以及以往《中华放射学杂志》所发表的有关MR新技术的论文，从一个侧面反映了我国放射学的进展。纵观我国放射学和MR应用的现况，进一步推动磁共振影像技术的开发和应用，具有重要的现实意义。MR在软件、技术方面的发展，主要包括水成像、磁化传递技术、液体衰减反转恢复技术，以及弥散成像、灌注成像、皮层激发和MR引导介入技术等。有的新技术已广泛地应用于临床，如MR水成像技术；有的已开始应用于临床，如MR引导介入技术、功能性磁共振成…     

颅内静脉窦血栓形成的MRI诊断

目的 探讨颅内静脉窦血栓形成的磁共振成像(MRI)表现及其对本病的诊断价值。方法 搜集8例经临床确诊的颅内静脉窦血栓形成的MRI资料，回顾性分析其MR影像学表现。结果 颅内静脉窦血栓形成的MRI表现有如下特点：(1)常为多处静脉窦同时受累；(2)形成血栓的静脉窦增粗、流空效应消失，呈现等或短、混杂T1、短或长T2信号影，典型表现为“白三角”征；(3)在急性期做增强扫描可见“黑三角”征；(4)MR静脉成像显示：栓堵的静脉窦影缺失。结论 颅内静脉窦血栓形成有比较典型的MR影像学特点；MRI检出本病优于CT，且能作出早期诊断；MRI增强扫描及MR静脉成像在本病的早期诊断及鉴别诊断中具有重要意义。     

1986年磁共振成象的状况——美国和世界采用率

磁共振成象装置(MR imagers)在整个科学界、卫生政策决策人士和公众之中持续引起巨大的关注。其原因一部分是磁共振成象(MRI)的惊人临床效能。除此之外,引起关注还有其他原因,如高昂的定价以及当前削减保健支出措施对采用贵重新技术设备(如MRI)的影响等。作者另一篇报告已指出,一年前MR成象装置在美国的普及速度低于十年前CT扫描装置的普及速度。此外,与十年前CT扫描装置的分布相比,MR成象装置更多安装在门诊机构。为了弄清楚去年美国这些趋势的变化程度以及全世界MRI的普及状况,作者予1986年元月对所有知名的MRI制造厂进行了调     

脊神经根磁共振成像技术及临床应用

近年来,MRI的应用已扩展到周围神经系统.目前,脊神经MR成像有常规T1WI序列、T2 WI序列及脂肪抑制序列成像、对比剂增强T1 WI成像、各种重T2 WI磁共振脊髓成像(MRmyelograhy;MRM),水激励脂肪抑制序列WE-FS(water excitaion-fat saturation,WE-FS)及成像最终效果类似PET(positron emission tomography;PET)影像的序列.本文主要对脊神经根MR成像技术的临床应用作一综述.     

脑脱髓鞘性假瘤的磁共振成像表现

目的探讨脑脱髓鞘性假瘤的磁共振成像表现,提高对该病的磁共振(MR)诊断水平。方法回顾性分析2例均行常规MRI检查、氢质子磁共振波谱成像(1H-MRS)及脑灌注成像,并与病理结果对照,总结脱髓鞘性假瘤的MRI特点。结果 2例患者均为青年男性,急性起病入院,MRI表现为T1WI高低混杂信号,T2WI高信号,1H-MRS为NAA峰降低,胆碱(Cho)峰升高,并出现乳酸(Lac)和胶质(Lip)峰,MR灌注成像(PWI)示脑血流量、脑血容量降低,平均通过时间及峰值时间延长。结论脑脱髓鞘性假瘤常规MRI表现具有一定特征性,联合功能成像有助于作出正确诊断。     

改良胰肾联合移植术后MR检查的价值

目的 探讨磁共振成像在胰肾联合移植术后的应用价值。方法 5例改良胰肾联合移植术后患者均用MR SE序列，磁共振胆管成像（MR cholangiopancreatography,MRCP)和磁共振尿路成像（MR urography,MRU)，动态钆喷替酸葡甲胺（Gd-DTPA)增强三维快速扰相梯度顺波磁共振血管成像（3D fast spoiled gradient recalled MRA,3D FSPGR MRA)和三维相位对比法磁共振血管成像（3D PC MRA）检查 分析各序列图像特点，并计算胰腺与腰大肌信号比（PPR）和胰腺实质强化平均在百分比（MPPE）。结果 5例中有2例移植体形态及信号完全正常，其中1例并发脾动脉末端动脉瘤。术后并发肾脏迟发性超急性排斥反应，胰腺急性排斥反应和胰腺慢性排斥反应各1例。肾脏迟发性超急性排斥反应MRI表现为皮髓质界线（CMD）消失，MRU未见肾集合系统及输尿管扩张，MRA见肾血管仅限于肾窦内。胰腺急性排斥反应MRI表现为胰腺增大，信号不均匀，MRA见胰腺血管吻合口通畅，PPR及MPPE分别为6．2和160％。胰腺慢性排斥反应MRI表现为胰腺体积缩小，实质信号尚均匀，MRCP示胰管扩张，MRA见胰腺血管稍细，PPR及MPPE分别为4．9和160％。结论 正确完善的MR扫描方法可客观反映移植体的形态及功能，是移植术后监测移植体的有效方法。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.