复方苦瓜胶囊降血糖活性的初步观察

目的 观察复方苦瓜胶囊的降血糖作用.方法 给小鼠注射四氧嘧啶建立高血糖动物模型,然后随机分成3个实验组(225 mg/kg,450 mg/kg、900 mg/kg)和1个模型对照组,连续灌胃受试物30 d后比较实验组和对照组的空腹血糖、血糖下降百分率及糖耐量值,同时用正常小鼠进行降低空腹血糖实验.结果 高血糖模型小鼠的复方苦瓜胶囊900 mg/kg和450 mg/kg剂量组的空腹血糖明显低于模型对照组(P＜0.01),血糖下降百分率明显大于模型对照组(P＜0.01),高血糖模型小鼠的糖耐量值和正常小鼠的空腹血糖未见受到明显影响.结论 复方苦瓜胶囊具有降低小鼠空腹血糖的作用,而对糖耐量和正常小鼠的空腹血糖无明显影响.     

长白山苦杏仁提取物对小鼠移植性肿瘤的影响

用3种瘤株如肝癌腹水型、肉瘤_(180)(S_(180))、艾氏腹水癌(EAC)研究了长白山苦杏仁提取物的抗肿瘤作用。给荷瘤小鼠连续腹腔注射此药600、300mg/kg,灌胃200,100mg/kg10天时,肝癌实体瘤和S_(180)被抑制,其抑癌率为61.7～77.1％。将此药经胃管给小鼠500mg/kg时部分动物死亡,而腹腔注射5g/k巴时,小鼠无死亡。     

金钗石斛提取物对肾上腺素所致血糖升高的影响

目的观察金钗石斛多糖和生物碱对正常小鼠及肾上腺素性高血糖小鼠血糖的影响。方法采用正常小鼠及肾上腺素腹腔注射引起高血糖模型小鼠，灌胃给药后，测定各组小鼠血糖水平。结果金钗石斛多糖（100mg／kg、300mg/kg）和生物碱（80mg／kg、160mg／kg）对肾上腺索引起的高血糖小鼠有明显的降血糖作用，但对正常小鼠血糖无明显影响。结论金钗石斛多糖和生物碱对肾上腺素性高血糖小鼠均有降血糖作用。     

清肝胶囊对小鼠急性肝损伤的改善作用

目的:观察清肝胶囊对小鼠急性肝损伤的改善作用.方法:健康昆明种小鼠50只,随机分为5组:正常对照组,模型对照组,清肝胶囊低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,每组10只.先以羧甲基纤维素钠20 mL/(kg·d)、清肝胶囊0.5 g/(kg·d)、1.0 g/(kg·d)、1.5 g/(kg·d)经口灌胃给药,1次/d,连用7 d,于最后1次给药后30 min,除正常对照组外,其他4组均采用D-氨基半乳糖700 mg/kg腹腔注射造成小鼠急性肝损伤模型,24 h后处理动物,测定血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、细胞色素P450(CYP450)含量及观察肝脏病理学的改变情况.结果:中高清肝胶囊剂量组与模型对照组相比血清中ALT、AST明显降低(P＜0.05),CYP450含量明显升高(P＜0.05),肝细胞变性、坏死明显减轻.结论:中高剂量的清肝胶囊对由D-氨基半乳糖所致的急性肝损伤有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与CYP450表达增加有关.     

香椿总黄酮对糖尿病小鼠及正常小鼠血糖的影响

目的:观察香椿总黄酮(total flavonoid from Toona sinensis,TSTF)对糖尿病小鼠及正常小鼠血糖的影响。方法:采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶的方法造成糖尿病模型,将造模成功的小鼠随机分为模型组、香椿总黄酮低、高剂量组(0.06、0.12 g/kg)、苯乙双胍组(10mg/kg),灌胃1次/d,连续15 d,另取正常小鼠40只,分组、给药同上,第16d剪尾采血用血糖仪测定血糖。结果:高剂量香椿总黄酮组血糖下降百分率可达16.05%,与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:0.12g/kg香椿总黄酮对四氧嘧啶所致的糖尿病小鼠有降血糖作用。     

天葵提取物对免疫抑制小鼠细胞因子的影响

目的:观察天葵-正丁醇提取物(TK)对免疫抑制小鼠细胞因子的影响.方法:50只清洁级昆明种小鼠,随机均分成TK高、中、低剂量组、正常对照组(对照组)、环磷酰胺(CTX)免疫抑制模型组(模型组);TK高、中、低组小鼠分别灌胃200 mg/kg、100 mg/kg及50 mg/kg TK 1次/d,连续11 d;模型组和对照组给予等量生理盐水灌胃;第9、第10及第11天灌胃后,模型组和TK组腹腔注射CTX 100 mg/(kg,d),对照组注射等量生理盐水;小鼠禁食12 h后于第12天取眼球血,酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)及干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)的含量.结果:与对照组相比,模型组小鼠血清IL-2、IL-4、IL-10及IFN-γ含量明显降低(P＜0.05);与模型组相比,TK组血清中IL-2、IL-4、干扰素-γ的含量明显升高(P＜0.05).结论:TK提取物能够拮抗CTX诱导的免疫抑制作用.     

硒化卡拉胶对小鼠的降血糖作用

给正常小鼠灌胃硒化卡拉胶（Ｓｅ－ｃ）１８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ｑｄ，连用１１ｄ，可使其血糖降低。四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠灌胃Ｓｅ－ｃ３８．９，６４．８，１０８，１８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ｑｄ，连用１１ｄ，有明显的抗高血糖作用。用Ｓｅ－ｃ１８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ｑｄ×１０预处理的小鼠，腹腔注射肾上腺素后３０ｍｉｎ，其血糖值明显低于正常对照组，而腹腔注射葡萄糖后３０－２４０ｍｉｎ，其血糖均值虽然比正常小鼠低，但统计未见明显差异…     

氯胺酮对小鼠Ⅲ度烧伤死亡率和瘢痕形成的作用

目的观察氯胺酮对小鼠Ⅲ度烧伤死亡率和疤痕形成的作用,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法小鼠背部用95%酒精造成Ⅲ度火焰烧伤,烧伤面积7cm2,烧伤时间30s;氯胺酮用量10～20mg/kg,分别于烧伤后或烧伤前后腹腔注射,对照组注射等量生理盐水,通过烧伤小鼠早期死亡率和烧伤后期瘢痕面积观察其作用。结果 BALB/c和C57BL/6小鼠烧伤后立即、4h、24h腹腔注射氯胺酮20mg/kg,小鼠死亡率分别为42.8%和100%,与对照组无明显差别(P0.05);C57BL/6小鼠烧伤前10min和烧伤后4h、24h注射氯胺酮10mg/kg,小鼠死亡率为100%,与对照组也无差别。烧伤时间减为20s,于烧伤烧伤后立即和24h注射氯胺酮20mg/kg,35d后测定瘢痕面积,治疗组明显小于对照组(P0.05)。结论氯胺酮无明显降低小鼠烧伤早期死亡率的效果,但有减少烧伤瘢痕面积的作用,可能与氯胺酮抗炎作用有关。     

人胆色素结石抗炎作用的动物实验研究

对人胆色素结石的抗炎作用进行了动物实验研究。给大鼠腹腔注射94mg/kg胆色素结石或牛黄混悬液均可抑制其角叉菜胶性足肿胀(P<0.01)和组胺性染料渗出(P<0.01),每天腹腔注射94mg/kg胆色素结石混悬液,连用6d,则有抑制大鼠棉球性肉芽肿的作用(P<0.01);皮下注射13.5mg/kg胆色素结石或牛黄均能明显减少小鼠醋酸性腹膜炎和染料渗出量(P<0.01)。胆色素结石与牛黄对四种动物炎症模型的抗炎作用无明显差别(P>0.05)。小鼠腹腔注射人胆色素结石的LD_(50)为1018±30.1mg/kg。     

莲房原花青素和银杏内酯联用对东莨菪碱所致小鼠记忆获得性障碍的改善作用

目的 观察莲房原花青素和银杏内酯联用对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响.方法 采用Morris水迷宫筛选空间学习记忆能力相近的昆明种雄性小鼠50只,随机分为5组,即正常对照组、模型组、低剂量治疗组、中剂量治疗组、高剂量治疗组,每组10只;行为学测试开始前10 min腹腔注射东莨菪碱,建立小鼠记忆获得障碍模型;3个治疗组分别灌胃50 mg/kg莲房原花青素+10 mg/kg银杏内酯、100 mg/kg莲房原花青素+20 mg/kg银杏内酯、150 mg/kg莲房原花青素+30 mg/kg银杏内酯;其余两组灌胃生理盐水.喂养30 d后以行为学实验(Morris水迷宫法、跳台法)为指标观察莲房原花青素和银杏内酯的联合作用.结果 在东莨菪碱所致小鼠记忆障碍模型中,莲房原花青素和银杏内酯联用在Morris水迷宫中可缩短潜伏期,减少游泳距离;在跳台实验中可以延长平台停留期,显著减少错误次数.结论 莲房原花青素和银杏内酯联用能够改善东莨菪碱所致小鼠学习记忆障碍.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.