大学生自杀态度与家庭因素关系分析

目的探讨家庭各因素及社会支持对大学生自杀态度的影响,为自杀预防提供科学依据。方法分层整群随机抽取新疆7所高校的各个年级大学生共3 000名,将一般情况、社会支持和自杀态度编成问卷进行调查和分析。结果不同特征大学生在自杀态度各因子多持矛盾、中立态度。自杀态度各因子在性别、民族、独生子女、生活满意度、家庭关系和生源地等家庭多因素存在差异。自杀态度各因子与社会支持之间有相关。回归分析发现,自杀态度每个维度有数个主要影响因素。结论家庭各因素和社会支持程度对大学生自杀意念产生有影响。     

医学生自杀态度及影响因素调查

目的了解医学生的自杀态度以及影响因素，为自杀预防的健康教育工作提供资料。方法以整群抽样方法抽取某医科大学一年级、三年级本科学生，应用自杀态度问卷（QSA）进行调查。结果医学生对自杀总的态度（F）、对自杀性质的认识（F1）持矛盾或中立的态度，对自杀者（F2）、自杀者家属（F3）以及安乐死（F4）持理解或宽容的态度。65．9％的医学生表示需要预防自杀的知识和技巧。结论对医学生进行系统的自杀干预知识和技巧的培训是很有必要的。     

广州市理工院校大学生自杀态度的调查分析

目的了解理工院校大学生心理健康状况及其自杀态度,为大学生自杀预防提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对广州市理工大学大学生进行问卷调查,内容为自杀态度问卷（SAQ）。结果自杀态度在不同年级的学生间存在差异,对自杀行为、自杀者、安乐死持矛盾中立态度者占多数,对自杀者家属持理解认同态度占多数。结论自杀态度各指标均提示必须加强大学生的心理健康教育以预防自杀行为的发生。     

大学生专业心理求助与安全感及社会领悟支持的关系

目的了解大学生专业心理求助状况及影响因素以及与个体安全感和社会领悟支持的关系,为指导大学生有效化解心理危机提供参考。方法随机抽取河北某高校695名大学生,使用安全感量表、社会领悟支持量表及专业心理求助态度问卷进行调查。结果男、女大学生在专业求助态度上差异有统计学意义,女生的专业心理求助态度显著高于男生(P0.01);一年级学生专业求助态度显著高于其他年级,二年级与三年级之间差异无统计学意义,但均显著高于四年级。在性别和是否班干部之间存在交互作用,女生班干部和非班干部之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。回归分析表明,家外支持和人际安全是大学生专业心理求助态度的重要影响因素。结论大学生专业心理求助态度受性别及是否班干部的影响,家外支持和人际安全对专业心理求助态度有预测作用。     

青年男性积极心理品质与自杀态度的关系

目的：探讨青年男性的积极心理品质与自杀态度的关系。方法采用积极心理品质评估问卷和自杀态度问卷，对某社区的972名青年男性进行测试。结果青年男性的积极心理品质处于中高等水平，受教育程度越高的个体其积极心理品质水平越高，独生子女和非独生子女在积极心理品质方面差异无统计学意义，城市青年男性仅在智慧维度上得分高于农村青年男性；9.7%的青年男性对自杀行为持肯定、认可、理解和宽容的态度；青年男性的积极心理品质与自杀态度得分呈显著相关。结论青年男性的积极心理品质与自杀态度密切相关。     

大学生自杀态度及其相关因素

目的 了解大学生对自杀的态度,并分析自杀态度与其相关因素的关系,为大学生自杀预防提供依据.方法 运用问卷调查法对266名大学生进行调查.结果 ①大学生自杀的总体态度为矛盾或中立态度;②自杀态度各因子与性别、年级和生活满意度存有显著差异;③自杀态度与生活事件总分无显著相关;④支持利用、支持总分和抑郁与对自杀行为、自杀者家属的态度存在相关关系;⑤回归分析发现,抑郁、支持利用、生活满意度与对自杀行为、自杀者家属、安乐死的态度的关系更为密切.结论 大学生自杀态度的影响因素是多方面的,其中生活满意度、抑郁、支持利用的影响作用较大.     

大学生自杀态度及其相关因素

目的了解大学生对自杀的态度,并分析自杀态度与其相关因素的关系,为大学生自杀预防提供依据。方法运用问卷调查法对266名大学生进行调查。结果①大学生自杀的总体态度为矛盾或中立态度;②自杀态度各因子与性别、年级和生活满意度存有显著差异;③自杀态度与生活事件总分无显著相关;④支持利用、支持总分和抑郁与对自杀行为、自杀者家属的态度存在相关关系;⑤回归分析发现,抑郁、支持利用、生活满意度与对自杀行为、自杀者家属、安乐死的态度的关系更为密切。结论大学生自杀态度的影响因素是多方面的,其中生活满意度、抑郁、支持利用的影响作用较大。     

某高校大学生自杀态度及影响因素分析

目的 了解目前广州市在校大学生对于自杀的态度及其影响因素.方法 采用便利抽样方法对暨南大学在校的1037名大学生进行现况调查,调查大学生一般人口学特征和对自杀的态度.结果 经过多元逐步回归分析发现,性别、专业、母亲的学历、佛教信仰、生源、年级被分别引入不同的自杀态度分量表.女生比男生更加明确、理性、客观地看待自杀行为.非医学专业对自杀行为的歧视成分更多,而医学专业的大学生更认同自杀是可以预防(Beta=0.237)并且可以自我控制的行为(Beta=0.124),认为自杀不仅影响社会的稳定而且会给国家造成巨大的经济损失(Beta=-0.123).母亲文化程度越高、大学生对自杀行为的态度越消极.具有佛教信仰的大学生对自杀持相对宽容、同情的态度.结论 大学生对自杀的态度相对明确.     

大学生自我和谐应对方式与自杀态度的相关分析

目的 了解大学生的自杀态度及其与自我和谐、应对方式的关系,为大学生心理健康教育提供依据.方法 采用自我和谐量表(SCCS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)与自杀态度问卷(SAQ),对随机抽取的6所高校768名大学生进行调查.结果 大学生对自杀行为、自杀者、安乐死持矛盾、中立态度,对自杀者家属持理解、宽容态度;与其他年级学生相比,大二年级学生对自杀者更持理解、宽容态度,大四年级学生对自杀者家属持矛盾、中市态度;亲子关系良好、生活满意度高的大学生对自杀行为、安乐死表现出更多的否定、歧视态度.相关分析显示,大学生的自杀态度与自我和谐、应对方式均存在显著相关;回归分析显示,自我和谐、应对方式可以在一定程度上预测自杀态度.结论 大学生自杀态度受多种心理和环境因素的影响,应开展针对性的心理健康教育.     

大学生心理求助态度与社会支持的相关性

目的：探究大学生心理求助态度与社会支持的联系。方法：资料随机抽取某市大学生265例，利用大学生心理求助情况调查表和社会支持评定表对选定大学生进行调查，分析有、无求助经历者的求助态度，不同性别与年级大学生的求助态度，大学生心理求助态度与社会支持的关系。结果：有心理求助经验者ATSPPH各项指标评分均高于无心理求助经验者（P〈0．05）；女生心理求助态度比男生积极；大学生心理求助态度与社会支持呈正相关；社会支持对大学生心理求助态度具有预测性（P〈0．001）。结论：社会支持对大学生心理求助态度有积极影响，即社会支持程度越高，大学生心理求助态度越主动。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.