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1.
The effect of an H1 antihistamine, an H2 antihistamine, and the combination of the two drugs on both histamine-induced bronchoconstriction and dermal whealing was examined in five patients with mild asthma. Chlorpheniramine 8 mg, cimetidine 300 mg, the combination of both, and placebo were administered orally to each patient for a single dose and for seven consecutive doses given every 6 hr after a double-blind, randomized protocol. The airway response to inhaled histamine and the wheal size induced by the intradermal injection of histamine were determined in every patient 2 hr after the final drug dose. The results indicate that a single dose of chlorpheniramine produces a significant increase in the threshold of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction as measured by the provocative histamine dose producing 20% decrease in 1-sec forced expiratory volume (PD20-FEV1), and this effect was significantly enhanced after seven doses. Cimetidine caused a significant decrease in the threshold of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, but this was not augmented by seven doses. Only chlorpheniramine, when given for seven doses, improved the baseline FEV1 and forced expiratory flow during middle half of forced vital capacity (FEF25%-75%). Chlorpheniramine in both single and multiple doses and the combination of chlorpheniramine and cimetidine given for seven doses produced a significant inhibition of histamine-induced dermal wheals, whereas cimetidine alone had no effect. These results confirm our previous observation that both H1 and H2 receptors are present in the airways of asthmatic patients and that they mediate opposite effects. We also demonstrated a cumulative effect with the repeated administration of chlorpheniramine but not with cimetidine. Finally, the results suggest that the role of H1 and H2 receptors differs in the bronchi from that seen in the dermal vessels of asthmatic patients and are in contrast to those of normals. The H2 receptor effect on histamine-induced skin wheals appears deficient, further supporting earlier suggestions of the presence of an H2 receptor defect in asthmatic patients. 相似文献
2.
Praphan Phanuphak Alan L. Schocket Carlos M. Arroyave Peter F. Kohler 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1980,65(5):371-375
To further study the role of histamine in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria, the concentration of histamine in tissue extracts from skin biopsy samples and in plasma from patients with chronic urticaria was measured by a sensitive radioenzymatic assay. Tissue histamine levels from urticarial lesions and uninvolved skin were compared with extracts of biopsy samples taken from normal controls. The average tissue histamine content in 15 biopsy samples from the chronic urticaria patients was significantly higher than in those of 15 normal controls. Forty percent of the patients had levels 2 SD greater than the mean of the control group. Elevated histamine levels were also found in biopsy samples of uninvolved skin from some urticaria patients. Circulating histamine levels from chronic urticaria patients were rarely elevated and did not correlate with skin concentration. No correlation was noted between tissue histamine concentration and estimated mast cell concentration on Giemsa-stained sections of five biopsy samples. These results indicate that tissue histamine levels are increased in some patients with chronic urticaria. This suggests that local histamine elevations may be important in the pathogenesis of many patients with this disease. In addition, increased tissue histamine in these patients is not reflected by elevated circulating levels. 相似文献
3.
A controlled trial of therapy in chronic urticaria 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nineteen patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (duration 2 to 192 mo) referred to our clinic as therapeutic failures were treated sequentially with five regimens. These were administered orally in a double-blind random sequence and included hydroxyzine pamoate (25 mg q.i.d.) plus one of the following: (1) placebo, (2) terbutaline (2.5 mg q.i.d.), (3) cyproheptadine (4 mg q.i.d.), (4) chlorpheniramine (4 mig q.i.d.), (5) cimetidine (300 mg q.i.d.). Therapeutic response was assessed by patient's subjective choice, symptom diary scores, and suppression of wheal response to intradermal injections of histamine and compound 48/80. At least 35% improvement was noted in all patients with an average optimal response of 70%. The hydroxyzine-cimetidine combination was favored by 11 of 19 (58%) patients, in addition to producing the lowest symptom scores and the greatest histamine-48/80 wheal suppression. These results support the efficacy of combination H1 and H2 antihistamines in the management of some patients with difficult chronic urticaria. 相似文献
4.
5.
Y A Mekori E M Bender R Zapata-Sirvent J F Hansbrough H N Claman 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1985,76(1):90-96
We studied the effects of H1 and H2 histamine receptor antagonists on down regulation of contact sensitivity (CS) to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Two H2 receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, reversed the nonspecific immunosuppression of CS induced by burns. On the other hand, these two drugs did not affect the antigen-specific suppressor T cell-mediated tolerance to DNFB induced by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Two H1 antagonists did not affect the down regulation of CS induced by either tolerance or burning. The differential sensitivities to histamine 2-receptor antagonists indicate that the mechanisms for nonspecific burn-induced immunosuppression are different from those for hapten-specific tolerance to DNFB. 相似文献
6.
Praphan Phanuphak Peter F. Kohler Raymond E. Stanford Alan L. Schocket Ronald I. Carr Henry N. Claman 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1980,65(6):436-444
We have explored the problem of the histologic basis of chronic urticaria and its relation to vasculitis and immune complex disease. In a prospective study, 42 consecutive patients with chronic urticaria (from twice weekly to daily episodes lasting more than 6 wk) had skin biopsies and were studied for immunologic variables. Twenty-two patients (52%) had vasculitis on biopsy as defined by the presence of cellular infiltrates within the vessel wall. The other 20 patients (48%) had either edema only or perivascular infiltrates with mononuclear cells (perivasculitis). The group with vasculitis could be subdivided into seven patients with neutrophilic venulitis including three with fibrinoid change, seven with mixed-cellular vasculitis, four with lymphol monocytic vasculitis, and four with eosinophilic vasculitis. Vascular deposits of immunoreactants were found in only four (18%) of the vasculitis patients, compared with 65% of concurrently studied patients who had cutaneous venulitis manifested as palpable purpura, i.e., Henoch-Schönlein syndrome. Urticarial patients with vasculitis were more often male and had a longer mean duration of hives compared with the nonvasculitis group. We saw no differences between the vasculitis and nonvasculitis cases of urticaria with regard to the incidence of arthralgia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), or hypocomplementemia. The group with vasculitis did not have more generalized disease nor were the hives more resistant to therapy. We have discussed the definition and histologic criteria for the diagnosis of vasculitis when it occurs in very small blood vessels. 相似文献
7.
Poly(A)-containing cytoplasmic RNA and nuclear RNA from Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced hamster tumor cells was fractionated on sucrose density gradients and hybridized with a [3H]cDNA probe to determine the size distribution of virus-specific RNA. One size class of viral RNA sedimenting at 21 S was detected in cytoplasmic poly(A)-containing RNA. Nuclear RNA contained three species of virus-specific RNA sedimenting at 47, 35, and 21 S. Sedimentation of nuclear RNA under denaturing conditions did not change this size distribution. 相似文献
8.
Tartrazine and the prostaglandin system. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
J G Gerber N A Payne O Oelz A S Nies J A Oates 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1979,63(4):289-294
The effect of tartrazine on prostaglandin production was evaluated in several in vitro systems in order to elucidate the interrelationship between aspirin-sensitive asthma and tartrazine. Unlike the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tartrazine did not inhibit cyclooxygenase activity in sheep seminal vesicles, guinea pig lung microsomes, and human platelets. Tartrazine had no effect on the activation of acyl hydrolase, which is the rate-limiting step in prostaglandin production. The major metabolite of tartrazine, sulfanilic acid, also had no inhibitory effect on the sheep seminal vesicle cyclooxygenase. In view of these findings, if there is a cross-sensitivity between tartrazine and aspirin in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics, it is unlikely to be on the basis of prostaglandin inhibition. 相似文献
9.
S L Dubovsky 《Psychosomatics》1978,19(2):113-115
Possible reasons why some terminally ill patients develop suicidal tendencies are discussed in this paper. Three such patients are described and the author suggests how, by addressing the patients’ needs to feel an increased sense of mastery over their circumstances, the risk of suicide can be decreased. 相似文献
10.
T cell rosette formation in primates, pigs, and guinea pigs. The influence of immunosuppresive agents 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
K S Johansen T S Johansen D W Talmage 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1974,54(2):86-93
Out of 144 combinations of lymphocytes from 8 species and erythrocytes from 18, significant numbers of rosettes were found in only 14. Human and chimpanzee lymphocytes formed rosettes in the greatest number of combinations (5), pig lymphocytes with 3, and guinea pig lymphocytes with only one erythrocyte (rabbit). In all positive combinations tested, the percentage of rosette-forming cells was highest in the thymus, intermediate with lymph node and peripheral blood lymphocytes, and lowest in the spleen. Using the guinea pig rosette-forming cell as an experimental test for T lymphocytes, the effect of several immunosuppressive drugs on the percentage of lymphocytes that are T cells was measured. Cyclophosphamide injected into guinea pigs increased this percentage the most, cortisone and tilorone increased the percentage of rosette-forming cells slightly, and azathioprine and vinblastine caused no change. After in vitro incubation with the lymphocytes, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and tilorone increased the percentage of rosette-forming cells and vinblastine reduced this percentage. 相似文献
11.
Thymocytes, macrophages, and erythrocytes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Luis R. Lopez M.D. Kirsten Staehr Johansen M.D. Jevrosima Radovich M.D. David W. Talmage M.D. 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1974,53(6):336-344
Lymphocyte-macrophage and lymphocyte erythrocyte interactions were examined in the 4 homologous and 12 heterologous combinations of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. There was a highly species-specific interaction between thymic lymphocytes (T cells) and homologous peritoneal macrophages. Distinct red cell rosettes were formed only between thymus-derived cells of the guinea pig and rabbit erythrocytes. 相似文献
12.
Polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated cytoplasmic RNA from chicken cells infected with wild-type (wt) and transformation-defective (td) Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) were fractionated on sucrose density gradients and hybridized with a [3H]cDNA probe complementary to RSV-RNA to determine the size distribution of virus-specific RNA. Two major species of poly (A) -containing viral RNA sedimenting at 35 and 21 S were detected in wt and td virus-infected cells. Both RNA classes were released from polyribosomes with puromycin, suggesting that each RNA species serves as messenger in vivo. Another minor size class of virus-specific RNA, 10-12 S, was found in both the polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated RNA fractions. 相似文献
13.
W L Weston J R Humbert C S August J Harnett M F Mass P B Dean I M Hagen 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1977,59(2):115-119
A 26-yr-old male with a lifelong history of atopic dermatitis and recurrent severe staphylococcal abscesses was found to have hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Evaluation of both the humoral and cellular aspects of chemotaxis in vitro showed both neutrophils and monocytes to be normal. However, quantitative neutrophil migration in vivo was significantly suppressed using the patient's own serum as the attractant. This defective migration in vivo was partially corrected by serum from normal donors as the attractant and also partially corrected following plasma infusion in this patient. Evaluation of quantitative leukocyte migration in vivo may be most useful in patients suspected of defects of leukocyte mobility. 相似文献
14.
The effect of radiographic contrast media (RCM) on the complement system was studied in vivo and in vitro. In 65 patients undergoing intravenous pyelography, plasma was obtained before and 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min postinfusion. Nine patients experienced immediate generalized reactions (IGR) post-RCM infusions. Six patients developed urticaria, 1 developed angioedema, and 2 developed nausea and hypotension. A significant decrease in CH50 occurred in 29 patients, including 6 with IGR. Split products of C3 were detected in 24 of these patients. Six patients without change in CH50 had detectable C3 split products. There was a statistically significant decrease in hemolytically active C3 and factor B, but not C1q or C4 in the group with decreased CH50 when compared to the group without CH50 change. All patients had normal levels of C1 esterase inhibitor, C3aI (serum carboxypeptidase B), C3bI, and βIH. Neither anti-RCM antibodies nor immune complexes were detected in any patient's plasma. In vitro, decreased CH50 and hemolytically active C4, C3, properdin, and factor B were found with incubation of plasma with RCM. These changes occurred independent of the buffer used (EDTA/EGTA). Finally, C3 split products were detected in the reaction mixtures. These data indicate that RCM is associated with decreased hemolytic complement activity, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the in vitro changes occurred without the presence of calcium or magnesium, indicating that complement activation by RCM may occur in a nonsequential manner. 相似文献
15.
Alfred J. Crowle Anestine Atkins Mary May 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1977,60(1):14-26
Three ways for inducing tuberculin-type delayed hypersensitivity (DH) in mice to purified protein antigens without Freund adjuvant are described. Four strains of mice compared for susceptibility to sensitization with several antigens ranked SJL > CF-1 > CAF1 = C57B1. Females were more easily sensitized than males. The first way of sensitizing without Freund adjuvant was simply to inject antigen intradermally in saline, but it could be used only with the potent antigen methylated human serum albumin (HSA). Six-mercaptopurine injections during the first 5 days of sensitization enhanced such sensitization in CF-1 but inhibited it in CAF1 mice. The second way sensitized with a weaker antigen, chicken conalbumin (CA), and thus is more versatile. It consisted of injecting a saline solution of antigen into a 24-hr strong DH dermal reaction to an unrelated antigen (dextran). The third way was simplest and best: Freund adjuvant was replaced with aqueous Evans blue dye. Thus, distilled water solutions of antigen (CA or chicken ovalbumin) and dye injected subcutaneously induced DH indistinguishable from that induced with the same antigens in Freund adjuvant. Neither antigen in distilled water alone sensitized. The dye also intensified Arthus sensitization. This diazo dye therefore may be a practical, harmless water-soluble substitute for Freund adjuvant for inducing DH or cell-mediated immunity and for intensifying Arthus sensitization. 相似文献
16.
17.
Richard G. Gower William F. Sausker Peter F. Kohler George E. Thorne Rawle M. McIntosh 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1978,62(4):222-228
In a comprehensive study of 80 patients with vasculitis, 4 had concurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Polyarteritis nodosa was present in 2 and in the other 2, cutaneous vasculitis, presenting clinically as palpable or Henoch-Schönlein purpura. In one of these patients skin biopsies demonstrated granular deposits of IgM, C3, C4, and the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and electron-dense deposits of aggregated 20-nm particles resembling HBsAg in postcapillary venules. Evidence for circulating HBsAg-immune complexes included increased serum C1q binding activity, decreased serum complement, and a cryoprecipitate containing both HBsAg and IgM anti-HBs. Aggregated 20-nm particles resembling intact HBsAg were also seen by negative staining electron microscopy of the serum cryoprecipitate. This patient fulfills all the criteria for a specific immune complex vasculitis caused by his immune response to a chronic HBV infection. These findings emphasize that HBV infection may be associated with small vessel vasculitis as well as polyarteritis nodosa, mixed cryoglobulinemia, and glomerulonephritis. A similar immune response to other viral infections may be expressed as palpable (Henoch-Schönlein) purpura also. 相似文献
18.
Monocyte-macrophages are required for the development of cell mediated immunity to a variety of microorganisms and tumors. Quantitative assays of human monocyte-macrophage function would be most useful in the evaluation of cell mediated immune function in man. Five quantitative assays are described that provide a human monocyte-macrophage function profile. These assays parallel the physiologic steps necessary for monocyte-macrophages to function as phagocytes: 1) chemotaxis, 2) opsonization, 3) phagocytosis, 4) phagocytosis-induced metabolic stimulation and 5) destruction of foreign material. Application of these quantitative assays will allow detection and dissection of disorders of monocyte-macrophage function in man. 相似文献
19.
Robert M. Maulitz M.D. David S. Pratt M.D. Alan L. Schocket M.D. 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1979,63(6):433-434
The syndrome of immediate type I food hypersensitivity, mediated by tissue-bound IgE antibody and mast cell histamine release, is well recorded in the medical literature. This case study represents a previously undescribed late food hypersensitivity, induced only by strenuous exercise. Identification of this new syndrome illustrates classical epidemiologic analysis, improves medical advice for the allergic and athletically inclined, and raises new questions in the areas of allergy and immunology. 相似文献
20.
Yoseph A. Mekori M.D. Ralph C. Giorno M.D. Patricia Anderson B.S. Peter F. Kohler M.D. 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1983,72(6):681-684
In order to characterize the nature of the mononuclear cells in the perivascular infiltrates in the skin of 11 patients with CU, skin biopsy specimens were analyzed in situ by an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique. Serial frozen sections were stained for total T cells, helper-inducer T cells, suppressor-cytotoxic T cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages, and HLA-DR antigen. The infiltrates were found to consist mainly of T cells, whereas B cells and macrophages were rarely seen. Most of the T cells possessed the T4+ helper phenotypes, whereas smaller numbers of infiltrating cells were defined as suppressor-cytotoxic cells. Most of the helper-inducer T cells coexpressed the Ia (HLA-DR) antigen. Several potential pathogenic mechanisms could be implicated in CU based on these observations. 相似文献